1、Designation:A49011 Designation: A490 12American Association StateHighway and TransportationOfficials StandardAASHTO No.: M 253Standard Specification forStructural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi MinimumTensile Strength1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A490; the number im
2、mediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard
3、has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers two types of quenched and tempered, alloy steel, heavy hex structural bolts having a tensilestrength of 150 to 173 ksi.1.2 These bolts are intended for use in structural connections. These conne
4、ctions are covered under the requirements of theSpecification for Structural Joints Using Specification A325 or A490 bolts, approved by the Research Council on StructuralConnections; endorsed by the American Institute of Steel Construction and by the Industrial Fastener Institute.21.3 The bolts are
5、furnished in sizes12 to 112 in., inclusive. They are designated by type denoting chemical composition asfollows:Type DescriptionType 1 Medium carbon alloy steelType 2 Withdrawn in 2002Type 3 Weathering steel1.4 This specification provides that heavy hex structural bolts shall be furnished unless oth
6、er dimensional requirements arespecified on the purchase order.1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.1.6 For metric bolts, see Specification A490M Classes 10.9 and 10.9.31.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as st
7、andard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.8 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the Test Methods portion, Section 12 of this specification: This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the resp
8、onsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A194/A194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High T
9、emperature Service, or BothA325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthA354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded FastenersA490M Specification for High-Strength Steel Bolts, Classes 10.9 a
10、nd 10.9.3, for Structural Steel Joints (Metric)A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE384 Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of MaterialsE709 Guide for Magn
11、etic Particle Testing1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivetsand Washers.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally approved in 1964. Last prev
12、ious edition approved in 2010 as A49010a1. DOI:10.1520/A0490-11.Current edition approvedApril 1, 2012. PublishedApril 2012. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2011 asA490 11. DOI: 10.1520/A0490-12.2Available from American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), One E. Wac
13、ker Dr., Suite 700, Chicago, IL 60601-2001, http:/www.aisc.org.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM webs
14、ite.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prio
15、r editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 194
16、28-2959, United States.E1444 Practice for Magnetic Particle TestingF436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, DirectTension Indicators, and RivetsF788/F788M Specification for Surfa
17、ce Discontinuities of Bolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric SeriesF959 Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural FastenersF1136 Specification for Zinc/Aluminum Corrosion Protective Coatings for FastenersF1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for S
18、pecified Mechanical Properties and Performance InspectionF1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersF2328 Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Steel Bolts,Screws and StudsF2833 Specification for Corrosion Protective Fastener Coatings with
19、 Zinc Rich Base Coat and Aluminum Organic/InorganicTypeG101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels2.2 ASME Standards:4B1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB18.2.6 Fasteners for Use in Structural ApplicationsB18.24 Part Identification Number (PIN) Code System Standard for
20、B18 Fastener Products2.3 IFI Standard:5IFI 144 Test Evaluation Procedures for Coating Qualification Intended for Use on High-Strength Bolts3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for heavy hex structural bolts under this specification shall include the following:3.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces of bolts a
21、nd accessories );3.1.2 Size, including nominal bolt diameter, thread pitch, and bolt length. The thread length shall not be changed;3.1.3 Name of product: heavy hex structural bolts, or other such bolts as specified;3.1.4 Type of bolt (Type 1 or 3). When type is not specified, either Type 1 or Type
22、3 shall be furnished at the suppliers option;3.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue,3.1.6 Other components such as nuts, washers, and washer-type direct tension indicators, if required;3.1.7 Test Reports, if required (see Section 15); and3.1.8 Protective coating per Specification F1136, Grade 3, i
23、f required. See 4.3.3.1.9Special requirements.3.1.10For establishment of a part identifying system, see ASME B18.243.1.9 Protective coating per Specification F2833, Grade 1, if required. See 4.3.3.1.10 Special requirements.3.1.11 For establishment of a part identifying system, see ASME B18.24.NOTE 1
24、A typical ordering description follows: 1000 pieces 18 in. dia 3 4 in. long heavy hex structural bolt, Type 1, ASTM A490 02; each withtwo hardened washers, ASTM F436 Type 1; and one heavy hex nut, ASTM A563 Grade DH.3.2 Recommended Nuts:3.2.1 Nuts conforming to the requirements of Specification A563
25、 are the recommended nuts for use with Specification A490heavy hex structural bolts. The nuts shall be of the class and have a surface finish for each type of bolt as follows:Bolt Type and Finish Nut Class and Finish1, plain (uncoated) A563DH, DH3 plain (uncoated)1, coated in accordancewith Specific
26、ation F1136, Grade 3A563coated in accordance withSpecification F1136, Grade 5.1, coated in accordancewith Specification F1136, Grade 3or Specification F2833, Grade 1.A563coated in accordance withSpecification F1136, Grade 5or Specification F2833, Grade 1.3, weathering steel A563DH3, weathering steel
27、3.2.2 Alternatively, nuts conforming to Specification A194/A194M Gr. 2H plain (uncoated) are considered a suitable substitutefor use with Specification A490 Type 1 heavy hex structural bolts.3.3 Recommended WashersWashers conforming to Specification F436 are the recommended washers for use withSpeci
28、fication A490 heavy hex structural bolts. The washers shall have a surface finish for each type of bolt as follows:4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from Industrial
29、 Fastener Institute, (IFI), 6363 Oak Tree Boulevard, Independence, OH 44131. http:/www.industrial-fasteners.org.A490 122Bolt Type and Finish Washer Finish1, plain (uncoated) plain (uncoated)1, coated in accordancewith F1136, Grade 3plain, coated in accordancewith F1136, Grade 31, coated in accordanc
30、ewith F1136, Grade 3 or F2833, Grade 1.plain, coated in accordancewith F1136, Grade 3 or F2833, Grade 1.3, weathering steel weathering steel3.4 Other AccessoriesWhen compressible washer type direct tension indicators are specified to be used with these bolts, theyshall conform to Specification F959
31、Type 490.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Heat TreatmentType 1 and Type 3 bolts shall be heat treated by quenching in oil from the austenitic temperature and thentempered by reheating to a temperature of not less than 800F.4.2 ThreadingThe threads shall be cut or rolled.4.3 Protective Coatings:4.3.1
32、When a protective coating is required and specified, the bolts shall be coated with Zinc/Aluminum Corrosion ProtectiveCoatings in accordance with Specification F1136, Grade 3. This coating has been qualified based on the findings of an investigationfounded on IFI144, Grade 3 or Specification F2833,
33、Grade 1. These coatings have been qualified based on the findings of aninvestigation founded on IFI 144.64.3.2 No other metallic coatings are permitted unless authorized by Committee F16. Future consideration of any coating willbe based on results of testing performed in accordance with the procedur
34、es in IFI 144, and submitted to Committee F16 for review(See note 2).NOTE 2For more detail see the H. E. Townsend Report “Effects of Zinc Coatings on Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Embrittlement of LowAlloy Steel,” published in Metallurgical Transactions, Vol. 6, April 1975.5. Chemical Compo
35、sition5.1 Type 1 bolts shall be alloy steel conforming to the chemical composition specified in Table 1. The steel shall containsufficient alloying elements to qualify it as an alloy steel (see Table 1, footnote A.).6Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtai
36、ned by requesting Research Report RR:F16-1001.TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements for Type 1 BoltsAlloy SteelElement HeatAnalysis, %ProductAnalysis, %CarbonFor sizes through 138 in. 0.300.48 0.280.50For size 112 in. 0.350.53 0.330.55Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.045Manganese, min 0.60 0.57Sulfur, max 0.040 0.04
37、5Alloying ElementsAAAlloy Steel with Boron AdditionElement HeatAnalysis, %ProductAnalysis, %CarbonFor sizes through 138 in. 0.30-0.48 0.28-0.50For size 112 in. 0.35-0.53 0.35-0.55Manganese, min 0.60 0.57Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.045Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Boron 0.0005-0.003 0.0005-0.003Alloying Element
38、sAAASteel, as defined by the American Iron and Steel Institute, shall be consideredto be alloy when the maximum of the range given for the content of alloyingelements exceeds one or more of the following limits: Manganese, 1.65 %; silicon,0.60 %; copper, 0.60 % or in which a definite range or a defi
39、nite minimum quantityof any of the following elements is specified or required within the limits of therecognized field of constructional alloy steels: aluminum, chromium up to 3.99 %,cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium,or any other alloying elements added
40、to obtain a desired alloying effect.A490 1235.2 Type 3 bolts shall be weathering steel conforming to the chemical composition requirements in Table 2. See Guide G101for methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low alloy steel.5.3 Product analyses made on finished bolts represent
41、ing each lot shall conform to the product analysis requirements specifiedin Tables 1 and 2, as applicable.5.4 Heats of steel to which bismuth, selenium, tellurium, or lead has been intentionally added shall not be used for boltsfurnished to this specification. Compliance with this requirement shall
42、be based on certification that steels having these elementsintentionally added were not used.5.5 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 HardnessThe bolts shall conform to the hardness specified in Table 3.6.2
43、Tensile Properties:6.2.1 Except as permitted in 6.2.1.1 for long bolts and 6.2.1.2 for short bolts, sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having a nominal lengthof 214 D and longer and sizes larger than 1.00 in. having a nominal length of 3D and longer shall be wedge tested full size andshall conform to the mi
44、nimum and maximum wedge tensile load, and proof load or alternative proof load specified in Table 4. Theload achieved during proof load testing shall be equal to or greater than the specified proof load.6.2.1.1 When the length of the bolt makes full-size testing impractical, machined specimens shall
45、 be tested and shall conformto the requirements specified in Table 5. When bolts are tested by both full-size and machined specimen methods, the full-size testshall take precedence.6.2.1.2 Sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having a nominal length shorter than 214 D down to 2D, inclusive, that cannot be wed
46、getensile tested shall be axially tension tested full size and shall conform to the minimum tensile load and proof load or alternateproof load specified in Table 4. Sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having a nominal length shorter than 2D and sizes larger than 1.00 in.with nominal lengths shorter than 3D t
47、hat cannot be axially tensile tested shall be qualified on the basis of hardness.6.2.2 For bolts on which hardness and tension tests are performed, acceptance based on tensile requirements shall takeprecedence in the event of low hardness readings.7. Carburization/Decarburization7.1 This test is int
48、ended to evaluate the presence or absence of carburization and decarburization as determined by the differencein microhardness near the surface and core.7.2 Requirements:7.2.1 CarburizationThe bolts shall show no evidence of a carburized surface when evaluated in accordance with 12.2.7.2.2 Decarburi
49、zationHardness value differences shall not exceed the requirements set forth for decarburization in TestMethod F2328 materials when evaluated in accordance with 12.2.8. Dimensions8.1 Head and Body:8.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, bolts shall conform to the dimensions for heavy hex structural bolts specified in ASMEB18.2.6.8.1.2 The thread length shall not be changed from that specified inASME B18.2.6 for heavy hex structural bolts. Bolts requiringthread lengths other than those required by this specification shall be ordered under Specification
