1、Designation: A490 14 American Association StateHighway and TransportationOfficials StandardAASHTO No.: M 253Standard Specification forStructural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi MinimumTensile Strength1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A490; the number immediately followin
2、g the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved
3、for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers two types of quenched andtempered, alloy steel, heavy hex structural bolts having atensile strength of 150 to 173 ksi.1.2 These bolts are intended for use in structural connec-tions. These connections are co
4、vered under the requirements ofthe Specification for Structural Joints Using SpecificationA325 or A490 bolts, approved by the Research Council onStructural Connections; endorsed by the American Institute ofSteel Construction and by the Industrial Fastener Institute.21.3 The bolts are furnished in si
5、zes12 to 112 in., inclusive.They are designated by type denoting chemical composition asfollows:Type DescriptionType 1 Medium carbon alloy steelType 2 Withdrawn in 2002Type 3 Weathering steel1.4 This specification provides that heavy hex structuralbolts shall be furnished unless other dimensional re
6、quirementsare specified on the purchase order.1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.1.6 For metric bolts, see Specification A490M Classes 10.9and 10.9.31.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other u
7、nits of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.8 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to theTest Methods portion, Section 12 of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the us
8、erof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A194/A194M Specification for Carbon andAlloy Steel Nutsfor Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service,or
9、BothA325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated,120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthA354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy SteelBolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded FastenersA490M Specification for High-Strength Steel Bolts, Classes10.9 and 10.9.3, for Structural
10、Steel Joints (Metric)A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE384 Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness ofMaterialsE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE1444
11、 Practice for Magnetic Particle TestingF436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Proper-ties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities ofBolts,
12、 Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric SeriesF959 Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type DirectTension Indicators for Use with Structural FastenersF1136 Specification for Zinc/Aluminum Corrosion Protec-tive Coatings for Fasteners1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
13、Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A490 12. DOI:10.1520/A0490-14.2Available from American Insti
14、tute of Steel Construction (AISC), One E.Wacker Dr., Suite 700, Chicago, IL 60601-2001, http:/www.aisc.org.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stand
15、ards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-chanical Properties a
16、nd Performance InspectionF1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersF2328 Test Method for Determining Decarburization andCarburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded SteelBolts, Screws, Studs, and NutsF2833 Specification for Corrosion Protective Fastener Coat-ings with Zinc Rich Base Coat and
17、Aluminum Organic/Inorganic TypeG101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Re-sistance of Low-Alloy Steels2.2 ASME Standards:4B1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB18.2.6 Fasteners for Use in Structural ApplicationsB18.24 Part Identification Number (PIN) Code System Stan-dard for B18 Fastener Products2
18、.3 IFI Standard:5IFI 144 Test Evaluation Procedures for Coating Qualifica-tion Intended for Use on High-Strength Bolts3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for heavy hex structural bolts under this speci-fication shall include the following:3.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces of bolts and accessories );3.1
19、.2 Size, including nominal bolt diameter, thread pitch,and bolt length. The thread length shall not be changed;3.1.3 Name of product: heavy hex structural bolts, or othersuch bolts as specified;3.1.4 Type of bolt (Type 1 or 3). When type is not specified,either Type 1 or Type 3 shall be furnished at
20、 the suppliersoption;3.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue,3.1.6 Other components such as nuts, washers, and washer-type direct tension indicators, if required;3.1.7 Test Reports, if required (see Section 15); and3.1.8 Protective coating per Specification F1136, Grade 3, ifrequired. See 4.3.3.1.9
21、 Protective coating per Specification F2833, Grade 1, ifrequired. See 4.3.3.1.10 Special requirements.3.1.11 For establishment of a part identifying system, seeASME B18.24.NOTE 1Atypical ordering description follows: 1000 pieces 18 in. dia 4 in. long heavy hex structural bolt, Type 1, ASTM A490 02;
22、each withtwo hardened washers, ASTM F436 Type 1; and one heavy hex nut,ASTM A563 Grade DH.3.2 Recommended Nuts:3.2.1 Nuts conforming to the requirements of SpecificationA563 are the recommended nuts for use with SpecificationA490 heavy hex structural bolts. The nuts shall be of the classand have a s
23、urface finish for each type of bolt as follows:Bolt Type and Finish Nut Class and Finish1, plain (uncoated) A563DH, DH3 plain (uncoated)1, coated in accordancewith Specification F1136, Grade 3or Specification F2833, Grade 1.A563coated in accordance withSpecification F1136, Grade 5or Specification F2
24、833, Grade 1.3, weathering steel A563DH3, weathering steel3.2.2 Alternatively, nuts conforming to Specification A194/A194M Gr. 2H plain (uncoated) are considered a suitablesubstitute for use with Specification A490 Type 1 heavy hexstructural bolts.3.3 Recommended WashersWashers conforming to Speci-f
25、ication F436 are the recommended washers for use withSpecification A490 heavy hex structural bolts. The washersshall have a surface finish for each type of bolt as follows:Bolt Type and Finish Washer Finish1, plain (uncoated) plain (uncoated)1, coated in accordancewith F1136,Grade3orF2833,Grade 1.pl
26、ain, coated in accordancewith F1136,Grade3orF2833, Grade 1.3, weathering steel weathering steel3.4 Other AccessoriesWhen compressible washer typedirect tension indicators are specified to be used with thesebolts, they shall conform to Specification F959 Type 490.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Heat
27、TreatmentType 1 and Type 3 bolts shall be heattreated by quenching in oil from the austenitic temperature andthen tempered by reheating to a temperature of not less than800F.4.2 ThreadingThe threads shall be cut or rolled.4.3 Protective Coatings:4.3.1 When a protective coating is required and specif
28、ied,the bolts shall be coated with Zinc/Aluminum CorrosionProtective Coatings in accordance with Specification F1136,Grade 3, both chromium and non-chromium versions, orSpecification F2833, Grade 1. These coatings have beenqualified based on the findings of an investigation founded onIFI 144.64.3.2
29、No other metallic coatings are permitted unless autho-rized by Committee F16. Future consideration of any coatingwill be based on results of testing performed in accordancewith the procedures in IFI 144, and submitted to CommitteeF16 for review (See note 2).NOTE 2For more detail see the H. E. Townse
30、nd Report “Effects ofZinc Coatings on Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Embrittlementof LowAlloy Steel,” published in Metallurgical Transactions, Vol. 6,April1975.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Type 1 bolts shall be alloy steel conforming to thechemical composition specified in Table 1. The steel s
31、hall4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from Industrial Fastener Institute, (IFI), 6363 Oak Tree Boulevard,Independence, OH 44131. http:/www.industrial-fasteners.org.6
32、Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Reports RR:F16-1001, RR:F16-1002, andRR:F16-1003.A490 142contain sufficient alloying elements to qualify it as an alloysteel (see Table 1, footnote A.).5.2 Type 3 bolts shall be weathering st
33、eel conforming to thechemical composition requirements in Table 2. See GuideG101 for methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosionresistance of low alloy steel.5.3 Product analyses made on finished bolts representingeach lot shall conform to the product analysis requirementsspecified in Tables 1 a
34、nd 2, as applicable.5.4 Heats of steel to which bismuth, selenium, tellurium, orlead has been intentionally added shall not be used for boltsfurnished to this specification. Compliance with this require-ment shall be based on certification that steels having theseelements intentionally added were no
35、t used.5.5 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordancewith Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 HardnessThe bolts shall conform to the hardnessspecified in Table 3.6.2 Tensile Properties:6.2.1 Except as permitted in 6.2.1.1 for long bolts and6.2.1.2 for sh
36、ort bolts, sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having anominal length of 214D and longer and sizes larger than 1.00in. having a nominal length of 3D and longer shall be wedgetested full size and shall conform to the minimum andmaximum wedge tensile load, and proof load or alternativeproof load specified in T
37、able 4. The load achieved during proofload testing shall be equal to or greater than the specified proofload.6.2.1.1 When the length of the bolt makes full-size testingimpractical, machined specimens shall be tested and shallconform to the requirements specified in Table 5. When boltsare tested by b
38、oth full-size and machined specimen methods,the full-size test shall take precedence.6.2.1.2 Sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having a nominal lengthshorter than 214D down to 2D, inclusive, that cannot be wedgetensile tested shall be axially tension tested full size and shallconform to the minimum tensile
39、 load and proof load oralternate proof load specified in Table 4. Sizes 1.00 in. andsmaller having a nominal length shorter than 2D and sizeslarger than 1.00 in. with nominal lengths shorter than 3D thatcannot be axially tensile tested shall be qualified on the basis ofhardness.6.2.2 For bolts on wh
40、ich hardness and tension tests areperformed, acceptance based on tensile requirements shall takeprecedence in the event of low hardness readings.7. Carburization/Decarburization7.1 This test is intended to evaluate the presence or absenceof carburization and decarburization as determined by thediffe
41、rence in microhardness near the surface and core.7.2 Requirements:7.2.1 CarburizationThe bolts shall show no evidence of acarburized surface when evaluated in accordance with 12.2.7.2.2 DecarburizationHardness value differences shallnot exceed the requirements set forth for decarburization inTest Me
42、thod F2328 materials when evaluated in accordancewith 12.2.8. Dimensions8.1 Head and Body:8.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, bolts shall conform to thedimensions for heavy hex structural bolts specified in ASMEB18.2.6.8.1.2 The thread length shall not be changed from thatspecified in ASME B18.2.6 for
43、 heavy hex structural bolts.Bolts requiring thread lengths other than those required by thisspecification shall be ordered under Specification A354 Gr.BD.8.2 ThreadsThreads shall be the Unified Coarse ThreadSeries as specified in ASME B1.1 and shall have Class 2Atolerances.TABLE 1 Chemical Requireme
44、nts for Type 1 BoltsAlloy SteelElement HeatAnalysis, %ProductAnalysis, %CarbonFor sizes through 138 in. 0.300.48 0.280.50For size 112 in. 0.350.53 0.330.55Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.045Manganese, min 0.60 0.57Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Alloying ElementsAAAlloy Steel with Boron AdditionElement HeatAnalysis,
45、 %ProductAnalysis, %CarbonFor sizes through 138 in. 0.30-0.48 0.28-0.50For size 112 in. 0.35-0.53 0.35-0.55Manganese, min 0.60 0.57Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.045Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Boron 0.0005-0.003 0.0005-0.003Alloying ElementsAAASteel, as defined by the American Iron and Steel Institute, shall be
46、 considered tobe alloy when the maximum of the range given for the content of alloying elementsexceeds one or more of the following limits: Manganese, 1.65 %; silicon, 0.60 %;copper, 0.60 % or in which a definite range or a definite minimum quantity of anyof the following elements is specified or re
47、quired within the limits of the recognizedfield of constructional alloy steels: aluminum, chromium up to 3.99 %, cobalt,columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or anyother alloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements for Ty
48、pe 3 BoltsElement Heat Analysis, % Product Analysis, %CarbonSizes 0.75 in. and smaller 0.200.53 0.190.55Sizes larger than 0.75 in. 0.300.53 0.280.55Manganese, min 0.40 0.37Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Copper 0.200.60 0.170.63Chromium, min 0.45 0.42Nickel, minor0.20 0.17Molybdenu
49、m, min 0.15 0.14A490 1439. Workmanship9.1 The allowable limits, inspection, and evaluation of thesurface discontinuities, quench cracks, forging cracks, headbursts, shear bursts, seams, folds, thread laps, voids, toolmarks, nicks, and gouges shall be in accordance with Specifi-cation F788/F788M.10. Magnetic Particle Inspection for LongitudinalDiscontinuities and Transverse Cracks10.1 Requirements:10.1.1 Each sample representative of the lot shall be mag-netic particle inspected for longitudinal discontinuities andtransverse cracks.10.1.2 The
