1、Designation: A 490M 08Standard Specification forHigh-Strength Steel Bolts, Classes 10.9 and 10.9.3, forStructural Steel Joints (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 490M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specif
3、ication covers two types of quenched andtempered alloy steel, metric heavy hex structural bolts havinga tensile strength of 1040 to 1210 MPa.1.2 These bolts are intended for use in structural connec-tions comparable to those covered under the requirements ofthe Specification for Structural Joints Us
4、ing ASTM A 325 andA 490 bolts, approved by the Research Council on StructuralConnections; endorsed by the American Institute of SteelConstruction and by the Industrial Fastener Institute.21.3 The bolts are furnished in nominal bolt diameters M12to M36, inclusive. They are designated by type denoting
5、chemical composition as follows:Type DescriptionType 1 Medium carbon alloy steelType 2 Withdrawn in 2002Type 3 Weathering steel1.4 This specification is applicable to metric heavy hexstructural bolts and alternate designs as established by theResearch Council in its publication, Specification for St
6、ructuralJoints Using ASTM A 325 and A 490 bolts.1.5 For inch-pound bolts, see Specification A 490.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to theTest Methods porti
7、on, Section 13, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-ti
8、ons prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A 325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, HeatTreated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthA 490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, HeatTreated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthA 490M Specification for High-Strength Ste
9、el Bolts,Classes 10.9 and 10.9.3, for Structural Steel Joints (Metric)A 563M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts(Metric)A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsD 3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE 384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardne
10、ss of Ma-terialsE 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE 1444 Practice for Magnetic Particle TestingF 436M Specification for Hardened Steel Washers (Metric)F 568M Specification for Carbon andAlloy Steel ExternallyThreaded Metric Fasteners (Metric)F 606M Test Methods for Determining the MechanicalP
11、roperties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, and Rivets (Metric)F 788/F 788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities ofBolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric SeriesF 959M Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Di-rect Tension Indicators for Use With Structural Fastener
12、s(Metric)F 1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-chanical Properties and Performance InspectionF 1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersG 101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric CorrosionResistance of Low-Alloy Steels1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committ
13、ee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A 490M 04a1.2Available from American Institute of St
14、eel Construction (AISC), One E.Wacker Dr., Suite 700, Chicago, IL 60601-2001, http:/www.aisc.org3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM webbiest, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docum
15、ent Summary page onthe ASTM webbiest.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 ASME Standards:4B1.13M Metric Screw ThreadsB18.2.3.7M Metric Heavy Hex Structu
16、ral BoltsB18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Stan-dard for B18 Fastener Products2.3 ISO Standards:47412 Hexagon Bolts for High Strength StructuralBolting With Large Width Across Flats (Short ThreadLength)Product Grade CProperty Classes 8.8 and 10.92.4 SAE Standards5:J121 Decarburization
17、 in Hardened and Tempered ThreadedFasteners3. Terminology3.1 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology F 1789, unless otherwise defined herein.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for bolts under this specification shall include thefollowing (see Note 1):4.1.1 Quantity (number of pie
18、ces of bolts and accessories);4.1.2 Size, including nominal bolt diameter, thread pitch,and bolt length;4.1.3 Name of product: metric heavy hex structural bolts;4.1.4 Type of bolt (Type 1 or 3). When type is not specified,either Type 1 or Type 3 shall be furnished at the suppliersoption;4.1.5 ASTM d
19、esignation and year of issue;4.1.6 Other components such as nuts, washers, and washer-type direct tension indicators, if required;4.1.7 Certification, if required (see Section 16); and4.1.8 Special requirements, if required.4.1.9 For establishment of a part identifying system, seeASME B18.24.NOTE 1A
20、 typical ordering description follows: 1000 pieces M24 3 33 100 mm long, heavy hex structural bolt, Type 1, ASTM A 490 M 03;each with two hardened washers, ASTM F 436M, Type 1; and one heavyhex nut, ASTM A 563M, Grade DH.4.2 Recommended Nuts4.2.1 Nuts conforming to the requirements of SpecificationA
21、 563M are the recommended nuts for use with SpecificationA 490M heavy hex structural bolts. The nuts shall be of theclass and have a surface finish for each type of bolt as follows.Bolt Type and Finish Nut Class and Finish1, plain (uncoated) A 563M10S, 10S3, plain (uncoated)3, weathering steel A 563
22、M10S3, weathering steel4.3 Recommended Washers4.3.1 Washers conforming to Specification F 436M are therecommended washers for use with Specification F 490Mheavy hex structural bolts. The washers shall have a surfacefinish for each type of bolt as follows.Bolt Type and Finish Washer Finish1, plain (u
23、ncoated) plain (uncoated)3, weathering steel weathering steel4.4 Other Accessories4.4.1 When compressible washer type tension indicators arespecified to be used with these bolts, they shall conform toSpecification F 959M, Type 10.9.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Heat TreatmentType 1 and Type 3 bolt
24、s shall be heattreated by quenching in oil from the austenitic temperature andthen tempered by reheating to a temperature of not less than425C.5.2 ThreadingThe threads shall be cut or rolled.5.3 Protective CoatingsThe bolts shall not be coated6byhot-dip zinc coating, mechanical deposition, or electr
25、oplatingwith zinc or other metallic coatings.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Type 1 bolts shall be alloy steel conforming to thechemical composition requirements in Table 1. The steel shallcontain sufficient alloying elements to qualify it as an alloysteel (see Note 2).NOTE 2Steel is considered to be all
26、oy, by theAmerican Iron and SteelInstitute, when the maximum of the range given for the content of alloyingelements exceeds one or more of the following limits: manganese, 1.65 %;silicon, 0.60 %; copper, 0.60 %; or in which a definite range or a definiteminimum quantity of any of the following eleme
27、nts is specified orrequired within the limits of the recognized field of constructional alloysteels: aluminum, chromium up to 3.99 %, cobalt, columbium, molybde-num, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any otheralloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.4Available fr
28、om American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.6For more detail see the H. E. Tow
29、nsend Report “Effects of Zinc Coatings onStress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Embrittlement of Low Alloy Steel,”published in Metallurgical Transactions, Vol. 6, April 1975.TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements for Type 1 BoltsElement Heat Analysis, % ProductAnalysis, %CarbonFor sizes through M30 0.300.48
30、0.280.50For size M36 0.350.53 0.330.55Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.045Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Alloying Elements See 6.1 TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements for Type 3 BoltsElement Heat Analysis, % Product Analysis, %CarbonSizes M20 and smaller 0.200.53 0.190.55Sizes larger than M20. 0.300.53 0.280.55Manganese,
31、min 0.40 0.37Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Copper 0.200.60 0.170.63Chromium, min 0.45 0.42Nickel, minor0.20 0.17Molybdenum, min 0.15 0.14A490M0826.2 Type 3 bolts shall be weathering steel conforming to thechemical composition requirements in Table 2. See GuideG 101 for methods of
32、 estimating the atmospheric corrosionresistance of low alloy steel.6.3 Product analyses made on finished bolts representingeach lot shall conform to the product analysis requirementsspecified in Table 1 or Table 2, as applicable.6.4 Applications of heats of steel to which bismuth, sele-nium, telluri
33、um, or lead has been intentionally added shall notbe permitted for bolts. Compliance with this requirement shallbe based on a statement on the steel certificate indicating thatthese elements were not intentionally added.6.5 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordancewith Test Methods, Practic
34、es, and Terminology A 751.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 HardnessThe bolts shall conform to the hardnessspecified in Table 3.7.2 Tensile Properties:7.2.1 Except as permitted in 7.2.2 for long bolts and 7.2.3for short bolts, nominal bolt diameters M24 and smaller havinga length of 214 D and longer, and
35、nominal bolt diameters largerthan M24 having a length of 3D and longer shall be wedgetested full size and shall conform to the minimum wedgetensile load, and proof load or alternative proof load specifiedin Table 4. The load achieved during proof load testing shall beequal to or greater than the spe
36、cified proof load.7.2.2 When the length of the bolt makes full-size testingimpractical, machined specimens shall be tested and shallconform to the requirements specified in Table 5. When boltsare tested by both full-size and machined specimen methods,the full-size test shall take precedence.7.2.3 No
37、minal bolt diameters M24 and smaller having alength shorter than 214 D down to 2D inclusive, which cannotbe wedge tensile tested shall be axially tension tested full sizeand shall conform to the minimum tensile load and proof loador alternate proof load specified in Table 4. Nominal boltdiameters M2
38、4 and smaller having a length shorter than 2Dwhich cannot be axially tensile tested shall be qualified on thebasis of hardness.7.2.4 For bolts on which both hardness and tension tests areperformed, acceptance based on tensile requirements shall takeprecedence in the event of low hardness readings.8.
39、 Carburization/Decarburization8.1 DefinitionThis test is intended to evaluate the pres-ence or absence of carburization and decarburization as deter-mined by the difference in microhardness near the surface andcore.8.2 Requirements:8.2.1 CarburizationThe bolts shall show no evidence of acarburized s
40、urface when evaluated in accordance with thehardness methods established in SAE J121.8.2.2 DecarburizationHardness value differences shallnot exceed the requirements set forth for decarburization inSAE J121 for Class 2/3H materials.8.3 ProcedureTesting for carburization/decarburizationshall be perfo
41、rmed in accordance with the microhardness(referee) methods established in SAE J121.9. Dimensions9.1 Head and Body:9.1.1 The bolts shall conform to the dimensions for heavyhex structural bolts specified in ASME B18.2.3.7M for nomi-nal bolt diameter M16 to M36 inclusive and ISO 7412 for sizeM12.9.2 Th
42、reads:9.2.1 Threads shall Metric Coarse Thread Series as specifiedin ASME B1.13M, and shall have Grade 6g tolerance.9.2.2 The thread length shall not be changed from thatspecified for heavy hex structural bolts in ASME B18.2.3.7Mand ISO 7412 in 9.1.1. Bolts requiring thread lengths otherthan those r
43、equired by this specification shall be ordered underSpecification F 568M, Class 10.9 and 10.9.3.10. Workmanship10.1 The allowable limits, inspection, and evaluation of thesurface discontinuities, quench cracks, forging cracks, headbursts, shear bursts, seams, folds, thread laps, voids, toolmarks, ni
44、cks, and gouges shall be in accordance with Specifi-cation F 788/F 788M.11. Magnetic Particle Inspection for LongitudinalDiscontinuities and Transverse Cracks11.1 Requirements:11.1.1 Each sample representative of the lot shall be mag-netic particle inspected for longitudinal discontinuities andtrans
45、verse cracks.11.1.2 The lot, as represented by the sample, shall be freefrom nonconforming bolts, as defined in 11.3, when inspectedin accordance with 11.2-11.2.4.11.2 Inspection Procedure:11.2.1 The inspection sample shall be selected at randomfrom each lot in accordance with Table 6 and examined f
46、orlongitudinal discontinuities and transverse cracks.11.2.2 Magnetic particle inspection shall be conducted inaccordance with Guide E 709 or Practice E 1444. Guide E 709shall be used for referee purposes. If any nonconforming boltis found during the manufacturers examination of the lotselected in 11
47、.2.1, the lot shall be 100 % magnetic particleinspected, and all nonconforming bolts shall be removed andscrapped or destroyed.TABLE 3 Hardness Requirements for Bolt SizesM12 to M36 InclusiveNominal BoltDiameter, mmLengthABrinell Rockwell Cmin max min maxM12 to M24, Less than 2D 311 352 33 39inclusi
48、ve 2D and longer . . . 352 . . . 39Over M24 to M36, Less than 3D 311 352 33 39inclusive 3D and longer . . . 352 . . . 39AHeavy hex structural bolts M24 and smaller and shorter than 2D are subjectonly to minimum and maximum hardness. Heavy hex structural bolts larger thanM24 to M36 inclusive and shor
49、ter than 3D are subject only to minimum andmaximum hardness.A490M08311.2.3 Eddy current or liquid penetrant inspection shall bean acceptable substitute for the 100 % magnetic particleinspection when nonconforming bolts are found and 100 %inspection is required. On completion of the eddy current orliquid penetrant inspection, a random sample selected fromeach lot in accordance with Table 6 shall be reexamined by themagnetic particle method. In case of controversy, the magneticparticle test shall take precedence.11.2.4 Magnetic particle indications
