1、Designation: A 494/A 494M 08Standard Specification forCastings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 494/A 494M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers nickel, nickel-copper, nicke
3、l-copper-silicon, nickel-molybdenum, nickel-chromium, andnickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy castings for corrosion-resistant service.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; ther
4、efore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 488/A 488M Practice for Steel Casting
5、s, Welding, Quali-fications of Procedures and PersonnelA 732/A 732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-bon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, andCobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated TemperaturesA 781/A 781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,Common Requirements, for
6、 General Industrial UseE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, CastIron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron3E38 Methods for Chemical Ana
7、lysis of Nickel-Chromiumand Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys3E76 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Nickel-CopperAlloys3E 354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron,Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 master heata si
8、ngle furnace charge of refined alloy,which may either be poured directly into castings or into remeltalloy for individual melts.3.1.2 meltsa single furnace charge poured into castings.When master heats are used to prepare melts, a melt analysisshall be reported.4. General Conditions for Delivery4.1
9、Material furnished to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A 781/A 781M, includingany supplementary requirements that are indicated in thepurchase order. Failure to comply with the general require-ments of Specification A 781/A 781M constitutes nonconfor-mance with th
10、is specification. In case of conflict between therequirements of this specification and Specification A 781/A 781M, this specification shall prevail.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for castings to this specification should includethe following information:5.1.1 Quantity, in pieces, and5.1.2 Grade
11、designation (Table 1) and class (Table 2).5.2 The purchaser shall specify any of the following infor-mation required to describe adequately the desired material:5.2.1 Heat-treat condition (see 6.1 and 6.2),5.2.2 Repair welding (see Section 11)5.2.3 Source inspection requirements, if any (see Specifi
12、ca-tion A 781/A 781M),5.2.4 Marking-for-identification requirements, if any (see13.1), and5.2.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including thestandards of acceptance.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct r
13、esponsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A 494/A 494M 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service
14、at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.C
15、opyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsNOTEValues are maximum unless otherwise indicated.AlloyFamilyNi Ni-Cu Ni-Mo Ni-Cr OtherGrade CZ100 M25S M30CAM30H M35-1AM35-2 N3M N7M N12MV CU5MCuC CW2M CW6M
16、CW6MC CW12MW CX2M CX2MW CY40 CY5SnBiMUNSNumbersN02100 N24025 N24130 N24030 N24135 N24020 J30003 J30007 N30012 N08826 N26455 N30107 N26625 N30002 N260022 N26059 N06040 N26055Composition, %C, max 1.00 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.35 0.35 0.03 0.07 0.12 0.050max0.02 0.07 0.06 0.12 0.02 0.02 0.40 0.05Mn, max 1.50 1
17、.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.0max1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.5Si, max 2.00 3.5-4.5 1.0-2.0 2.7-3.7 1.25 2.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.0max0.80 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.80 3.00 0.5P, max 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.030max0.03 0.040 0.015 0.040 0.020 0.025 0.03 0.03S, m
18、ax 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030max0.03 0.030 0.015 0.030 0.020 0.025 0.03 0.03Cu 1.25max27.0-33.0 26.0-33.0 27.0-33.0 26.0-33.026.0-33.0 . . . . . . . . . 1.50-3.50BBBBBBB.Mo . . . . . . 30.0-33.030.0-33.026.0-30.0 2.5-3.5 15.0-17.5 17.0-20.08.0-10.0 16.0-18.015.0-16.5 12.5-
19、14.5B2.0-3.5Fe 3.00max3.50max3.50max3.50max3.50max3.50max3.00max3.00max4.0-6.0 balance 2.0max3.0max5.0max4.5-7.5 1.50max2.0-6.0 11.0max2.0maxNi 95.00minbalance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance 38.0-44.0 balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balanceCr . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.0 1.00 19.5-23.5 15.0-17.5 17.0-20.020.0-23.0 15.5-17.522.0-24.0 20.0-22.514.0-17.0 11.0-14.0Cb (Nb) . . .B1.0-3.0B0.5max0.5max. . . 0.60-1.20BB3.15-4.50BBBB.W . . . . . . . . .B1.0maxBB3.75-5.25B2.5-3.5B.V . . . . . .BB0.20-0.60BBBB0.20-0.40B0.35maxB.Bi . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0-5.0Sn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0-5.0AOrder M35-1 or M30C when weldability is required.BElement to be analyzed and reported for information only.A494/A494M0826. Heat Treatment6.1 Castings shall be heat treated in accordance with therequirements in Table 2.NOTE 1P
22、roper heat treatment of these alloys is usually necessary toenhance corrosion resistance and, in some cases, to meet mechanicalproperties. Minimum heat-treat temperatures are specified; however, it issometimes necessary to heat treat at higher temperatures, hold for someminimum time at temperature,
23、and then rapidly cool the castings in orderto enhance the corrosion resistance and meet mechanical properties.6.2 When Class 1 is specified, grades CY40 and M25S shallbe supplied in the as-cast condition. When Class 2 is specified,grades CY40 and M25S shall be supplied in the solution-treated condit
24、ion. When Class 3 is specified, grade M25S shallbe supplied in the age-hardened condition.7. Chemical Composition7.1 These alloys shall conform to the chemical compositionrequirements prescribed in Table 1.7.2 The grades that pertain to this specification are placedinto the five general categories g
25、iven below. The producer shallreport for information all elements in Table 1 for which a limitis given for any alloy in the same alloy family. The alloyfamilies are:(1) Nickel CZ100(2) Nickel-copper M35-1, M35-2, M30C, M30H, M25S(3) Nickel-molybdenum N12MV, N7M, N3M(4) Nickel-chromium CY40, CW6M, CW
26、2M, CW6MC,CX2MW, CU5MCuC, CX2M(5) Other CY5SnBiM7.3 An analysis of each master heat shall be made by themanufacturer to determine the percentages of the elementsspecified in Table 1. The analysis shall be made from arepresentative sample taken during the pouring of the masterheat. Chemical compositi
27、on shall be reported to the purchaseror his representative.7.4 Test Methods E76or Test Methods E 354 shall be usedfor referee purposes. Test Methods E30or Methods E38shallbe used if Test Methods E76or Test Methods E 354 do notinclude a method for some element present in the material.8. Tensile Prope
28、rties8.1 One tension test shall be made from each master heatexcept for grades M25S and CY5SnBiM when the master heatis used to pour the castings. One tension test shall be madefrom each melt except for grades M25S and CY5SnBiM. Testresults shall conform to the tensile requirements specified inTable
29、 3. Test bars shall be poured in special blocks from thesame heat as the castings represented.8.2 The bar from which the test specimen is taken shall beheat treated in production furnaces to the same procedure as thecastings it represents. If the castings are not heat treated, thebar used for the te
30、st specimen must not be heat treated.8.3 Test specimens may be cut from castings, at the produc-ers option, instead of from test bars.8.4 When castings are produced by methods other thaninvestment process, tension test coupons shall be machined tothe form and dimension shown in Fig. 8 of, and tested
31、 inaccordance with, Test Methods E8.8.4.1 When castings are produced by the investment pro-cess, test specimens in accordance with Specification A 732/A 732M shall be used for measurement of tensile properties.8.5 If any specimen shows defective machining or developsflaws, it may be discarded and an
32、other substituted from thesame heats.8.6 To determine conformance with the tension test require-ments, an observed value or calculated value shall be roundedin accordance with Practice E29to the nearest 500 psi 3.5MPa for yield and tensile strength and to the nearest 1 % forelongation and reduction
33、of area.TABLE 2 Heat Treat RequirementsGrade Heat TreatmentCZ100, M35-1, M35-2, CY40 Class 1, M30H, M30C,M25S Class 1, CY5SnBiMAs castM25S, Class 2ALoad into furnace at 600F 315C maximum. Heat to 1600F 870C and holdfor 1 h plus an additional 30 min for each12 in. 13 mm of cross section over 1in.BCoo
34、l to 1300F 705CCand hold at temperature for 30 min then quench inoil to room temperature.M25S, Class 3 Load into furnace at 600F 315C maximum. Heat slowly to 1100F 605C andhold to develop maximum hardness. Furnace or air cool to room temperature.N12MV, N7M, N3M Heat to 2000F 1095C minimum, hold for
35、sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CW12MW, CW6M, CW6MC, CW2M Heat to 2150F 1175C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CY40, Class 2 Heat to 1900F 1040C minimum, hold fo
36、r sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CX2MW Heat to 2200F 1205C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid air cool by other means.CU5MCuC Heat to 2100F 1150C minimum, hold for sufficient time to
37、 heat castings totemperature, quench in water. Stabilize at 1725-1815F 940-990C, hold forsufficient time to heat castings to temperature, quench in water or rapid cool byother means.CX2M Heat to 2100F 1150C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid ai
38、r cool by other means.AM25S, while machinable in the “as-cast” condition, is capable of being solution treated for improved machinability. It may be subsequently age hardened to thehardness specified in Table 3 and finished machined or ground.BFor cross sections over 6 in. 125 mm, it may be necessar
39、y to increase the hold time if maximum softness is desired.CFor maximum softness and the least variation in hardness levels, castings should be transferred from an oven at 1600F 870C to a second oven at 1300F 705C.A 494/A 494M 0839. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 Critical surfaces of all cas
40、tings intended for corrosion-resistant service shall be cleaned. Cleaning may be accom-plished by blasting with clean sand or metallic corrosion-resistant shot or by other approved methods.10. Quality10.1 The castings shall not be peened, plugged, or impreg-nated to stop leaks.10.2 Internal chills a
41、nd chaplets may be used in the manu-facture of castings. However, the chills, chaplets and affectedcast material must be completely removed.11. Repair by Welding11.1 Repairs shall be made by using a welding procedureand operators capable of producing sound welds. The compo-sition of deposited weld m
42、etal shall be similar to that of thecastings.11.2 Weld repairs shall be considered major in the case of acasting that has leaked on hydrostatic test or when the depth ofthe cavity after preparation for repair exceeds 20 % of theactual wall thickness, or 1 in. 25 mm, whichever is smaller,or when the
43、extent of the cavity exceeds approximately 10in.265 cm2. All other weld repairs shall be considered minor.Major and minor weld repairs shall be subject to the samequality standards as are used to inspect the castings.11.3 Castings of M30H, M25S, and CY5SnBiM may not beweld repaired.11.4 Grades N12MV
44、, N7M, N3M, CW12MW, CW6M,CW2M, CX2MW, CX2M, CW6MC, and CU5MCuC mayrequire post-weld heat treatment after major weld repairs. Ifpost-weld heat treatment is required, it must be specified alongwith the grade. If required, it shall be performed in accordancewith Section 6.11.5 For grade CU5MCuC, the co
45、mposition of the depos-ited weld metal shall be similar to that of AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo3 or AWS A5.11 E NiCrMo3.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Samples that represent rejected material shall be pre-served for two weeks from the date of transmission of therejection report. In case of dissatisfaction wi
46、th the results of thetests, the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing withinthat time.13. Product Marking13.1 Castings shall be marked for the material identificationwith the ASTM specification designation (A 494/A 494M) andgrade symbol, that is, CY40. The manufacturers name oridentification m
47、ark and the pattern number shall be cast orstamped on all castings except those of such small size as tomake such marking impractical. To minimize small defectscaused by dislodged particles of molding sand, the number ofcast identification marks shall be minimized. The marking ofheat numbers on indi
48、vidual castings shall be agreed upon bythe manufacturer and the purchaser. Markings shall be in suchposition as not to injure the usefulness of the casting.13.1.1 When the castings are too small to mark individually,a symbol traceable to the heat shall be placed on the castingsand the required ident
49、ification then placed on a tag affixed tothe container in which these castings are shipped.14. Keywords14.1 corrosion-resistant applications; nickel; nickel alloycastings; nickel alloys; nickel castingsTABLE 3 Mechanical PropertiesAlloyFamilyNi Ni-Cu Ni-Mo Ni-Cr OtherCZ100 M25S M30C M30H M35-1 M35-2 N3M N7M N12MV CU5-MCuCCW2M CW6M CW6MC CW-12MWCX2M CX2MW CY40 CY5S-nBiMTensile strength,min, ksi MPa50345. 65450100690654506545076525765257652575520724957249570485724957249580
