1、Designation: A494/A494M 12A494/A494M 13Standard Specification forCastings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A494/A494M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers nickel, nickel-cop
3、per, nickel-copper-silicon, nickel-molybdenum, nickel-chromium, and nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy castings for corrosion-resistant service.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equiv
4、alents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA488/A488M Practice for S
5、teel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and PersonnelA732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloyfor High Strength at Elevated TemperaturesA781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requiremen
6、ts, for General Industrial UseA957/A957M Specification for Investment Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial UseE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
7、E30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)3E38 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Chromium and Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (Withdrawn 1989)3E76 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Copper Alloys (Withdrawn 2003)3E354 T
8、est Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron, Nickel, andCobalt Alloys3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 master heata single furnace charge of refined alloy, which may either be poured directly into castings or into remelt alloyfor individual m
9、elts.3.1.2 meltsa single furnace charge poured into castings. When master heats are used to prepare melts, a melt analysis shallbe reported.4. General Conditions for Delivery4.1 Material Except for investment castings, castings furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements ofSpec
10、ification A781/A781M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated inon the purchase order. Failure tocomply with the general requirements of Specification A781/A781M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In caseof conflict between the requirements of this specification
11、and Specification A781/A781M, this specification shall prevail.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18on Castings.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012April 1, 2013. Publi
12、shed October 2012April 2013. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20092012 asA494/A494M 09.A494/A494M 12. DOI: 10.1520/A0494_A0494M-12.10.1520/A0494_A0494M-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm
13、.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM
14、standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by
15、 ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 Investment castings furnished to this specification shall conform to
16、the requirements of Specification A957/A957M,including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the general requirementsof Specification A957/A957M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of conflict between the requirements
17、ofthis specification and Specification A957/A957M, Specification A957/A957M shall prevail.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for castings to this specification should include the following information:5.1.1 Quantity, in pieces, and5.1.2 Grade designation (Table 1) and class (Table 2).5.2 The purchase
18、r shall specify any of the following information required to describe adequately the desired material:5.2.1 Heat-treat condition (see 6.1 and 6.2),5.2.2 Repair welding (see Section 11)5.2.3 Source inspection requirements, if any (see Specification A781/A781M),5.2.4 Marking-for-identification require
19、ments, if any (see 13.1), and5.2.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including the standards of acceptance.6. Heat Treatment6.1 Castings shall be heat treated in accordance with the requirements in Table 2.NOTE 1Proper heat treatment of these alloys is usually necessary to enhance corrosion resist
20、ance and, in some cases, to meet mechanical properties.Minimum heat-treat temperatures are specified; however, it is sometimes necessary to heat treat at higher temperatures, hold for some minimum time attemperature, and then rapidly cool the castings in order to enhance the corrosion resistance and
21、 meet mechanical properties.6.2 When Class 1 is specified, grades CY40 and M25S shall be supplied in the as-cast condition. When Class 2 is specified,grades CY40 and M25S shall be supplied in the solution-treated condition.When Class 3 is specified, grade M25S shall be suppliedin the age-hardened co
22、ndition.7. Chemical Composition7.1 These alloys shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed in Table 1.7.2 The grades that pertain to this specification are placed into the five general categories given below. The producer shall reportfor information all elements in Table 1 for
23、 which a limit is given for any alloy in the same alloy family. The alloy families are:(1) Nickel CZ100(2) Nickel-copper M35-1, M35-2, M30C, M30H, M25S(3) Nickel-molybdenum N12MV, N7M, N3M(4) Nickel-chromium CY40, CW6M, CW2M, CW6MC, CX2MW, CU5MCuC, CX2M(5) Other CY5SnBiM7.3 An analysis of each maste
24、r heat shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements specifiedin Table 1. The analysis shall be made from a representative sample taken during the pouring of the master heat. Chemicalcomposition shall be reported to the purchaser or his representative.7.4 Test Method
25、s E76 or Test Methods E354 shall be used for referee purposes. Test Methods E30 or Methods E38 shall be usedif Test Methods E76 or Test Methods E354 do not include a method for some element present in the material.8. Tensile Properties8.1 One tension test shall be made from each master heat except f
26、or grades M25S and CY5SnBiM when the master heat is usedto pour the castings. One tension test shall be made from each melt except for grades M25S and CY5SnBiM. Test results shallconform to the tensile requirements specified in Table 3. Test bars shall be poured in special blocks from the same heat
27、as thecastings represented.8.2 The bar from which the test specimen is taken shall be heat treated in production furnaces to the same procedure as thecastings it represents. If the castings are not heat treated, the bar used for the test specimen must not be heat treated.8.3 Test specimens may be cu
28、t from castings, at the producers option, instead of from test bars.8.4 When castings are produced by methods other than investment process, tension test coupons shall be machined to the formand dimension shown in Fig. 8 of, and tested in accordance with, Test Methods E8.8.4.1 When castings are prod
29、uced by the investment process, test specimens in accordance with Specification A732/A732Mshall be used for measurement of tensile properties.8.5 If any specimen shows defective machining or develops flaws, it may be discarded and another substituted from the sameheats.A494/A494M 132TABLE 1 Chemical
30、 RequirementsNOTE 1Values are maximum unless otherwise indicated.AlloyFamilyNi Ni-Cu Ni-Mo Ni-Cr OtherGrade CZ100 M25S M30CA M30H M35-1A M35-2 N3M N7M N12MV CU5MCuC CW2M CW6M CW6MC CW12MW CX2M CX2MW CY40 CY5SnBiMUNSNumbersN02100 N24025 N24130 N24030 N24135 N24020 J30003 J30007 N30012 N08826 N26455 N
31、30107 N26625 N30002 N26059 N26022 N06040 N26055Composition, %C 1.00 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.35 0.35 0.03 0.07 0.12 0.050 0.02 0.07 0.06 0.12 0.02 0.02 0.40 0.05Mn 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.5Si 2.00 3.5-4.5 1.0-2.0 2.7-3.7 1.25 2.00 0.50 1.00 1.00
32、1.0 0.80 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.80 3.00 0.5P 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.03 0.030 0.015 0.030 0.020 0.025 0.03 0.03S 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.02 0.020 0.015 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.02 0.02Cu 1.25 27.0-33.0 26.0-33.0 27.0-33.0 26.0-33.026.0-33.0 .
33、 . . . . . . . . 1.50-3.50 B B B B B B B . . .Mo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.0-33.030.0-33.026.0-30.0 2.5-3.5 15.0-17.5 17.0-20.08.0-10.0 16.0-18.015.0-16.5 12.5-14.5B 2.0-3.5Fe 3.00 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.00 3.00 4.0-6.0 balance 2.0 3.0 5.0 4.5-7.5 1.50 2.0-6.0 11.0 2.0Ni 95.00minbal
34、ance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance 38.0-44.0 balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balanceCr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.0 1.00 19.5-23.5 15.0-17.5 17.0-20.020.0-23.0 15.5-17.522.0-24.0 20.0-22.514.0-17.0 11.0-14.0Cb (Nb) . . . B 1.0-3.0 B 0.
35、5 0.5 . . . . . . . . . 0.60-1.20 B B 3.15-4.50 B B B B . . .W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 1.0 B B 3.75-5.25B 2.5-3.5 B . . .V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B B 0.20-0.60 B B B B 0.20-0.40B 0.35 B . . .Bi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0-5.0Sn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0-5.0A Order M35-1 or M30C when weldability is required.B Element to be analyzed and reported for information only.A494/A494M1338.6 To determine
37、conformance with the tension test requirements, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded inaccordance with Practice E29 to the nearest 500 psi 3.5 MPa for yield and tensile strength and to the nearest 1 % for elongationand reduction of area.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 Cri
38、tical surfaces of all castings intended for corrosion-resistant service shall be cleaned. Cleaning may be accomplished byblasting with clean sand or metallic corrosion-resistant shot or by other approved methods.10. Quality10.1 The castings shall not be peened, plugged, or impregnated to stop leaks.
39、10.2 Internal chills and chaplets may be used in the manufacture of castings. However, the chills, chaplets and affected castmaterial must be completely removed.11. Repair by Welding11.1 Repairs shall be made by using a welding procedure and operators capable of producing sound welds. The compositio
40、nof deposited weld metal shall be similar to that of the castings.11.2 Weld repairs shall be considered major in the case of a casting that has leaked on hydrostatic test or when the depth of thecavity after preparation for repair exceeds 20 % of the actual wall thickness, or 1 in. 25 mm, whichever
41、is smaller, or when theTABLE 2 Heat Treat RequirementsGrade Heat TreatmentCZ100, M35-1, M35-2, CY40 Class 1, M30H, M30C,M25S Class 1, CY5SnBiMAs castM25S, Class 2A Load into furnace at 600F 315C maximum. Heat to 1600F 870C and holdfor 1 h plus an additional 30 min for each 12 in. 13 mm of cross sect
42、ion over 1in.B Cool to 1300F 705CC and hold at temperature for 30 min then quench inoil to room temperature.M25S, Class 3 Load into furnace at 600F 315C maximum. Heat slowly to 1100F 605C andhold to develop maximum hardness. Furnace or air cool to room temperature.N12MV, N7M, N3M Heat to 2000F 1095C
43、 minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CW12MW, CW6M, CW6MC, CW2M Heat to 2150F 1175C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CY40, Class 2 Heat to 1900F 104
44、0C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CX2MW Heat to 2200F 1205C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid air cool by other means.CU5MCuC Heat to 2100F 1150C minimum, hold for
45、 sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water. Stabilize at 1725-1815F 940-990C, hold forsufficient time to heat castings to temperature, quench in water or rapid cool byother means.CX2M Heat to 2100F 1150C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench i
46、n water or rapid air cool by other means.A M25S, while machinable in the “as-cast” condition, is capable of being solution treated for improved machinability. It may be subsequently age hardened to the hardnessspecified in Table 3 and finished machined or ground.B For cross sections over 6 in. 125 m
47、m, it may be necessary to increase the hold time if maximum softness is desired.C For maximum softness and the least variation in hardness levels, castings should be transferred from an oven at 1600F 870C to a second oven at 1300F 705C.TABLE 3 Mechanical PropertiesAlloyFamilyNi Ni-Cu Ni-Mo Ni-Cr Oth
48、erCZ100 M25S M30C M30H M35-1M35-2N3M N7M N12MV CU5-MCuCCW2M CW6M CW6MC CW-12MWCX2M CX2MW CY40 CY5S-nBiMTensilestrength,min, ksi MPa50345. 6545010069065450654507652576525765257552072495724957048572495724958055070485.Yield strength,min, ksi MPa18125. 32.522560415251703020540275402754027535240402754027
49、54027540275392704531028195.Elongationin 2 in. 50mm,A min, %10 . 25 10 25 25 20.0 20 6 20 20 25 25 4 40 30 30 .Hardness HB . B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A When ICI test bars are used in tensile testing as provided for in Specification A732/A732M, the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4 to 1.B 300 HB minimum for the age hardened condition.A494/A494M 134extent of the cavity exceeds approximately 10 in.2 6
