1、Designation: A494/A494M 17A494/A494M 17aStandard Specification forCastings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A494/A494M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers nickel, nick
3、el-copper, nickel-copper-silicon, nickel-molybdenum, nickel-chromium, and nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy castings for corrosion-resistant service.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact
4、 equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in t
5、he Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
6、A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and PersonnelA732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloyfor High Strength at Elevated TemperaturesA781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and
7、 Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial UseA957/A957M Specification for Investment Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial UseE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Confor
8、mance with SpecificationsE30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)3E38 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Chromium and Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (Withdrawn 1989)3E76 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Copper Alloy
9、s (Withdrawn 2003)3E354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron, Nickel, andCobalt Alloys3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 master heata single furnace charge of refined alloy, which may either be poured directly into castings or into rem
10、elt alloyfor individual melts.3.1.2 meltsa single furnace charge poured into castings. When master heats are used to prepare melts, a melt analysis shallbe reported.4. General Conditions for Delivery4.1 Except for investment castings, castings furnished to this specification shall conform to the req
11、uirements of SpecificationA781/A781M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated on the purchase order. Failure to comply with the1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subco
12、mmittee A01.18on Castings.Current edition approved March 15, 2017Nov. 1, 2017. Published March 2017November 2017. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20152017as A494/A494M 15.A494/A494M 17. DOI: 10.1520/A0494_A0494M-17.10.1520/A0494_A0494M-17A.2 For referencedASTM standard
13、s, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This
14、 document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior edition
15、s as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. U
16、nited States1general requirements of Specification A781/A781M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of conflict betweenthe requirements of this specification and Specification A781/A781M, this specification shall prevail.4.2 Investment castings furnished to this specification s
17、hall conform to the requirements of Specification A957/A957M,including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the general requirementsof Specification A957/A957M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of conflict between t
18、he requirements ofthis specification and Specification A957/A957M, Specification A957/A957M shall prevail.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for castings to this specification should include the following information:5.1.1 Quantity, in pieces, and5.1.2 Grade designation (Table 1) and class (Table 2).
19、5.2 The purchaser shall specify any of the following information required to adequately describe the desired material:5.2.1 Heat-treat condition (see 6.1 and 6.2),5.2.2 Repair welding (see Section 11),5.2.3 Source inspection requirements, if any (see Specification A781/A781M),5.2.4 Marking-for-ident
20、ification requirements, if any (see 13.1), and5.2.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including the standards of acceptance.6. Heat Treatment6.1 Castings shall be heat treated in accordance with the requirements in Table 2.NOTE 1Proper heat treatment of these alloys is usually necessary to enhance
21、 corrosion resistance and, in some cases, to meet mechanical properties.Minimum heat-treat temperatures are specified; however, it is sometimes necessary to heat treat at higher temperatures, hold for some minimum time attemperature, and then rapidly cool the castings in order to enhance the corrosi
22、on resistance and meet mechanical properties.6.2 When Class 1 is specified, grades CY40 and M25S shall be supplied in the as-cast condition. When Class 2 is specified,grades CY40 and M25S shall be supplied in the solution heat-treated condition. When Class 3 is specified, grade M25S shall besupplied
23、 in the age-hardened condition.7. Chemical Composition7.1 These alloys shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed in Table 1.7.2 The grades that pertain to this specification are placed into the five general categories given below. The producer shall reportfor information all
24、elements in Table 1 for which a limit is given for any alloy in the same alloy family. The alloy families are:(1) Nickel CZ100(2) Nickel-copper M35-1, M35-2, M30C, M30H, M25S(3) Nickel-molybdenum N12MV, N7M, N3M(4) Nickel-chromium CY40, CW6M, CW2M, CW6MC, CX2MW, CU5MCuC, CX2M(5) Other CY5SnBiM7.3 An
25、 analysis of each master heat shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements specifiedin Table 1. The analysis shall be made from a representative sample taken during the pouring of the master heat. Chemicalcomposition shall be reported to the purchaser or his represe
26、ntative.7.4 Test Methods E76 or Test Methods E354 shall be used for referee purposes. Test Methods E30 or Methods E38 shall be usedif Test Methods E76 or Test Methods E354 do not include a method for some element present in the material.8. Tensile Properties8.1 One tension test shall be made from ea
27、ch master heat except for grades M25S and CY5SnBiM when the master heat is usedto pour the castings. One tension test shall be made from each melt except for grades M25S and CY5SnBiM. Test results shallconform to the tensile requirements specified in Table 3. Test bars shall be poured in special blo
28、cks from the same heat as thecastings represented.8.2 The bar from which the test specimen is taken shall be heat treated in production furnaces to the same procedure as thecastings it represents. If the castings are not heat treated, the bar used for the test specimen must not be heat treated.8.3 T
29、est specimens may be cut from castings, at the producers option, instead of from test bars.8.4 When castings are produced by methods other than investment process, tension test coupons shall be machined to the formand dimension shown in Fig. 8 of, and tested in accordance with, Test Methods E8.8.4.1
30、 When castings are produced by the investment process, test specimens in accordance with Specification A732/A732Mshall be used for measurement of tensile properties.A494/A494M 17a2TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsABCNOTE 1Values are maximum unless otherwise indicated.AlloyFamily Ni Ni-Cu Ni-Mo Ni-Cr Oth
31、erGrade CZ100 M25S M30CAD M30H M35-1AD M35-2 N3M N7M N12MV CU5MCuC CW2M CW6M CW6MC CW12MW CX2M CX2MW CY40 CY5SnBiMUNSNumbers N02100 N24025 N24130 N24030 N24135 N04020 N30003 N30007 N30012 N08826 N26455 N30107 N26625 N30002 N26059 N26022 N06040 N26055Composition, %C 1.00 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.35 0.35 0.03
32、 0.07 0.12 0.050 0.02 0.07 0.06 0.12 0.02 0.02 0.40 0.05Mn 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.5Si 2.00 3.5-4.5 1.0-2.0 2.7-3.7 1.25 2.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.0 0.80 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.80 3.00 0.5P 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030
33、 0.03 0.030 0.015 0.030 0.020 0.025 0.03 0.03S 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.02 0.020 0.015 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.02 0.02Cu 1.25 27.0-33.0 26.0-33.0 27.0-33.0 26.0-33.026.0-33.0 . . . . . . . . . 1.50-3.50 B B B B B B B . . .Cu 1.25 27.0-33.0 26.0-33.0 27.0-33.0 26.0-33.026.0
34、-33.0 . . . . . . . . . 1.50-3.50 E E E E E E E . . .Mo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.0-33.030.0-33.026.0-30.0 2.5-3.5 15.0-17.5 17.0-20.08.0-10.0 16.0-18.015.0-16.5 12.5-14.5B 2.0-3.5Mo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.0-33.030.0-33.026.0-30.0 2.5-3.5 15.0-17.5 17.0-20.08.0-10.0 16.0
35、-18.015.0-16.5 12.5-14.5E 2.0-3.5Fe 3.00 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.00 3.00 4.0-6.0 balance 2.0 3.0 5.0 4.5-7.5 1.50 2.0-6.0 11.0 2.0Ni 95.00minbalance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance 38.0-44.0 balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balanceCr . . . . . . . .
36、. . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.0 1.00 19.5-23.5 15.0-17.5 17.0-20.020.0-23.0 15.5-17.522.0-24.0 20.0-22.514.0-17.0 11.0-14.0Cb (Nb) . . . B 1.0-3.0 B 0.5 0.5 . . . . . . . . . 0.60-1.20 B B 3.15-4.50 B B B B . . .Cb (Nb) . . . E 1.0-3.0 E 0.5 0.5 . . . . . . . . . 0.60-1.20 E E 3.15-4.50 E E E E . . .W .
37、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 1.0 B B 3.75-5.25B 2.5-3.5 B . . .W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 1.0 E E 3.75-5.25E 2.5-3.5 E . . .V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B B 0.20-0.60 B B B B 0.20-0.40B 0.35 B . . .V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、. E E 0.20-0.60 E E E E 0.20-0.40E 0.35 E . . .Bi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0-5.0Sn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0-5.0AValues are maximum unless ot
39、herwise indicated.BWhere ellipses (. . .) appear in this table, there is no requirement, and the element need not be analyzed for or reported.CColumbium (Cb) and niobium (Nb) are interchangeable names for the same element 41.D Order M35-1 or M30C when weldability is required.E Element to be analyzed
40、 and reported for information only.A494/A494M17a38.5 If any specimen shows defective machining or develops flaws, it may be discarded and another substituted from the sameheats.8.6 To determine conformance with the tension test requirements, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded ina
41、ccordance with the “Rounding Method” of Practice E29 to the nearest 0.5 ksi 5 MPa for yield and tensile strength and to thenearest 1 % for elongation and reduction of area. In the special case of rounding the number “5” when no additional numbers otherthan “0” follow the “5,” rounding shall be done
42、in the direction of the specification limits if following Practice E29 would causerejection of material.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 Critical surfaces of all castings intended for corrosion-resistant service shall be cleaned. Cleaning may be accomplished byblasting with clean sand or me
43、tallic corrosion-resistant shot or by other approved methods.10. Quality10.1 The castings shall not be peened, plugged, or impregnated to stop leaks.10.2 Internal chills and chaplets may be used in the manufacture of castings. However, the chills, chaplets, and affected castmaterial must be complete
44、ly removed.TABLE 2 Heat-Treat RequirementsGrade Heat TreatmentCZ100, M35-1, M35-2, CY40 Class 1, M30H, M30C,M25S Class 1, CY5SnBiMAs castM25S, Class 2A Load into furnace at 600 F 315 C maximum. Heat to 1600 F 870 C andhold for 1 h plus an additional 30 min for each 12 in. 13 mm of cross sectionover
45、1 in.B Cool to 1300 F 705 CC and hold at temperature for 30 min thenquench in oil to room temperature.M25S, Class 3 Load into furnace at 600 F 315 C maximum. Heat slowly to 1100 F 605 Cand hold to develop maximum hardness. Furnace or air cool to roomtemperature.N12MV, N7M, N3M Heat to 2000 F 1095 C
46、minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CW12MW, CW6M, CW6MC, CW2M Heat to 2150 F 1175 C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CY40, Class 2 Heat to 1900 F 1
47、040 C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CX2MW Heat to 2200 F 1205 C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid air cool by other means.CU5MCuC Heat to 2100 F 1150 C minimum, h
48、old for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water. Stabilize at 1725 1815 F 940 990 C, holdfor sufficient time to heat castings to temperature, quench in water or rapid coolby other means.CX2M Heat to 2100 F 1150 C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperatur
49、e, quench in water or rapid air cool by other means.A M25S, while machinable in the “as-cast” condition, is capable of being solution heat treated for improved machinability. It may be subsequently age hardened to thehardness specified in Table 3 and finished machined or ground.B For cross sections over 6 in. 125 mm, it may be necessary to increase the hold time if maximum softness is desired.C For maximum softness and the least variation in hardness levels, castings should be transferred from an oven at
