1、Designation: A508/A508M 05b (Reapproved 2010)Standard Specification forQuenched and Tempered Vacuum-Treated Carbon and AlloySteel Forgings for Pressure Vessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A508/A508M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof origin
2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defe
3、nse.1. Scope1.1 This specification2covers quenched and temperedvacuum-treated carbon and alloy steel forgings for pressurevessels such as those used in reactor systems. Specifically, itcovers forgings for vessel closures, shells, flanges, tube sheets,rings, heads, and similar parts.1.2 All grades ar
4、e considered weldable under proper condi-tions. Welding technique is of fundamental importance, and itis presupposed that welding procedure and inspection will be inaccordance with approved methods for the grade of materialused.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be re
5、garded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica
6、-tion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.NOTE 1Grades 1 and 1A are composed of different chemistries buthave the same mechanical requirements.NOTE 2Designations have been changed as follows:Current FormerlyGrade 1 Class 1Grade 1A Class 1AGrade 2 Class 1 Class 2Grade
7、 2 Class 2 Class 2AGrade 3 Class 1 Class 3Grade 3 Class 2 Class 3AGrade 4N Class 1 Class 4Grade 4N Class 2 Class 4AGrade 4N Class 3 Class 4BGrade 5 Class 1 Class 5Grade 5 Class 2 Class 5AGrade 22 Class 3 Class 22BGrade 22 Classes 4, 5, 6, and7Grade 3V Class 3V1.5 This standard does not purport to ad
8、dress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A275/A275M P
9、ractice for Magnetic Particle Examinationof Steel ForgingsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of SteelForgingsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsA966/A966M Practice for Magnetic Particl
10、e Examinationof Steel Forgings Using Alternating CurrentE208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test toDetermine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of FerriticSteelsE428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Metal, Otherthan Aluminum, Reference Blocks Used in UltrasonicTesting2.2 American So
11、ciety of Mechanical Engineers Standard:Boiler and Pressure Vessel CodeSection III, ArticlesNB 2300, NC 2300, ND 2300, NE 2300, NF 2300, NG230043. Ordering Information3.1 Purchase OrderIn addition to the ordering informa-tion required by Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser1This specification is u
12、nder the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2005
13、as A508/A508M 05b.DOI: 10.1520/A0508_A0508M-05BR10.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-508/SA-508M in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For
14、 Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.1Copyright ASTM Internationa
15、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.shall include with the inquiry and order a detailed drawing thatlocates the areas of significant loading in the forging (whenrequired), the method of selecting test locations (see 6.1.5 and6.1.6), and purchase opt
16、ions (see 4.2.2, 6.2, and 10.1) and anysupplementary requirements desired.3.2 Forging DrawingEach forging shall be manufacturedin accordance with a purchaser-approved drawing showing theprequenched dimensions, the finished dimensions, the surfacesthat will be subjected to significant loading, and th
17、e locationsof mechanical test specimens.3.3 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-lines additional ordering information, manufacturing require-ments, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking,certification, product
18、 analysis variations, and additional supple-mentary requirements.3.3.1 When specified by the purchaser, it is permissible toperform Magnetic particle examination using the AC yoke inaccordance with Test Method A966/A966M instead of usingTest Method A275/A275M (see 8.2.1).3.4 The optional minimum sil
19、icon content as expressed inFootnote B to Table 1, if required.3.5 If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, therequirements of this specification shall prevail.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Melting Process:4.1.1 The steel shall be
20、made by the basic electric-furnaceprocess except when secondary ladle refining or the remeltingprocess is employed, in which case the melting processes ofSpecification A788/A788M are permitted.4.1.2 The molten steel shall be vacuum treated in accor-dance with the methods described in Specification A
21、788/A788M, prior to or during the pouring of the ingot, in order toremove objectionable gases, particularly hydrogen.Grade 22 Classes 4, 5, 6, and 7 liquid steel shall be producedto a fine grain melting practice which has been shown to resultin a prior austenitic grain size of five or finer.4.1.3 Di
22、scardSufficient discard shall be made from eachingot to secure freedom from piping and excessive segregation.4.2 Heat Treatment:4.2.1 Preliminary Heat TreatmentAfter forging and be-fore reheating, the forgings shall be cooled to provide substan-tially complete transformation of austenite. Preliminar
23、y heattreatment may be applied to improve machinability and toenhance subsequent heat treatments.4.2.2 Heat Treatment for Mechanical PropertiesThe forg-ings shall be heated to a temperature which produces anaustenitic structure and then quenched in a suitable liquidmedium by spraying or immersion. F
24、or Grade 4N, Classes 1and 3, the austenitizing temperature shall be 1540F 840Cmin to 1640F 895C max. Quenching shall be followed bytempering at a subcritical temperature and holding at thistemperature for a minimum time of one-half hour per inch ofmaximum section thickness. Except when Supplementary
25、 Re-quirement S 13 is specified for Grades 2 and 3, the minimumtempering temperatures shall be as follows:Grades 1, 1A, 2 Class 2, and 3 Class 2 1150F 620CGrades 2 Class 1 and 3 Class 1 1200F 650CGrades 4N Classes 1 and 2, and 5Classes 1 and 21100F 595CGrade 4N Class 3 1125F 605CGrades 3V and 3VCb 1
26、250F 675CGrade 22, Class 3 1200F 650CGrade 22, Classes 4, 5, 6, and 7 1100F 593CSpecific cooling rates from the tempering temperature shallbe applied if Supplementary Requirement S14 is specified.4.3 For Grades 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 3, or 3A, a multiple stageaustenitizing procedure may be used whereby the f
27、orging isfirst fully austenitized and liquid quenched, followed byreheating within the intercritical temperature range to partiallyreaustenitize and again liquid quenched. On completion of theaustenitizing/quenching cycles, the forgings shall be temperedat a subcritical temperature as described in 4
28、.2.2.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Heat AnalysisThe heat analysis obtained from sam-pling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shallTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsComposition, %Grade 1 Grade 1A Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4N Grade 5 Grade 22AGrade 3V Grade 3VCb Grade 6Carbon 0.35 max 0.30 max 0.27 max 0
29、.25 max 0.23 max 0.23 max 0.110.15 0.100.15 0.100.15 0.280.33Manganese 0.401.05 0.701.35 0.501.00 1.201.50 0.200.40 0.200.40 0.300.60 0.300.60 0.300.60 0.751.15Phosphorus 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.020 max 0.020 max 0.025 maxSulfur 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.0
30、25 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.020 max 0.010 max 0.025 maxSiliconB0.40 max 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.30 max 0.35 max 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.35 maxNickel 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.501.00 0.401.00 2.83.9 2.83.9 0.25 max . . . 0.25 max 0.750.95Chromium 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.250.45 0.
31、25 max 1.502.00 1.502.00 2.002.50 2.83.3 2.73.3 0.701.00Molybdenum 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.550.70 0.450.60 0.400.60 0.400.60 0.901.10 max 0.901.10 0.901.10 0.300.45Vanadium 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.03 max 0.08 max 0.02 max 0.200.30 0.200.30 0.05 maxColumbium 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01
32、max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.0150.070 0.01 maxCopper 0.20 max 0.20 max 0.20 max 0.20 max 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 maxCalcium 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.00050.0150 0.015 maxBoron 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003 max
33、 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.0010.003 0.003 max 0.003 maxTitanium 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.0150.035 0.015 max 0.015 maxAluminumC0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.025 maxAFor Grade 2
34、2 Classes 5, 6, and 7 with section thickness at heat treat of 8 in. or greater, the carbon and manganese shall be held to 0.13 to 0.15 and 0.50 to 0.60,respectively.BWhen required by the purchaser a minimum silicon content of 0.15 % shall apply for Grades 1, 1A, 2, 3, and 4N.CAluminum content report
35、ed shall be the combined total soluble and insoluble aluminum.A508/A508M 05b (2010)2comply with Table 1 except that the additional features ofSupplementary Requirements S7, S8, S9, and S11 shall alsoapply as individually specified in the ordering information.5.2 Product AnalysisThe manufacturer shal
36、l use the prod-uct analysis provision of Specification A788/A788M to obtaina product analysis from a forging representing each heat ormultiple heat. The permissible variations provided in the tableon Permissible Variations in Product Analysis for Killed Steelin Specification A788/A788M apply for man
37、ganese, nickel,chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium only. Boron is notsubject to product analysis. The purchaser may also make thisdetermination in accordance with Specification A788/A788M.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Tension Test:6.1.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements of Table 2.6.1.2 The l
38、ocation and number of tension test specimens foreach forging or multiple forging shall be as follows:6.1.2.1 Multiple Forgings Separated into Identical Indi-vidual Forgings with Rough Machined Weights not Exceeding1000 lb 455 kg Prior to Quenching and TemperingTreatmentAt least one individual forgin
39、g from each multipleforging in each heat-treating lot shall be tested using the testspecimen locations of 6.1.5 or 6.1.6 as specified on thepurchase orders, except that test specimens located atmidlength may be closer to the ends of the production forgingthan the specified distance to the second sur
40、faces. All forgingsshall be quenched and tempered in the same furnace charge.Allforgings from the multiple shall be Brinell hardness tested afterheat treatment and forgings not tested for mechanical proper-ties shall have a Brinell Hardness within 20 points of theBrinell Hardness of the forging that
41、 has been tested formechanical properties.6.1.2.2 Forgings or Multiple Forgings (Note 3) with RoughMachined Weights Less than 10 000 lb 4540 kg and Havinga Heat-Treated Length (Exclusive of Test Prolongation) of 80in. 2032 mm or LessA test prolongation (Note 4) shall belocated at one end. One tensio
42、n test specimen shall be takenfrom the test prolongation.6.1.2.3 Forgings or Multiple Forgings with Rough Ma-chined Weights Less than 10 000 lb 4540 kg and Having aHeat-Treated Length (Exclusive of Test Prolongations) Exceed-ing 80 in. 2032 mmA test prolongation shall be located ateach end. One tens
43、ion test specimen shall be taken from eachtest prolongation. An orientation of 180 shall be establishedbetween the two tension test specimens.6.1.2.4 Forgings or Multiple Forgings with Rough Ma-chined Weights Over 10 000 lb 4540 kg and Having aHeat-Treated Length (Exclusive of Test Prolongation) of
44、80 in.2032 mm or LessAtest prolongation shall be located at oneend. Two tension test specimens shall be taken from the testprolongation and shall be oriented 180 apart.6.1.2.5 Forgings or Multiple Forgings with Rough Ma-chined Weights Over 10 000 lb 4540 kg and Having aHeat-Treated Length (Exclusive
45、 of Test Prolongations) Exceed-ing 80 in. 2032 mmA test prolongation shall be located ateach end. The tension test specimens oriented 180 apart fromeach other shall be taken from each test prolongation. The twotension specimens located in one test prolongation shall beoriented 90 in relation to the
46、two tension specimens located inthe other test prolongation.NOTE 3Multiple forgings in 6.1.2.2 through 6.1.2.5 are those whichwill be separated after the quench and temper treatment.NOTE 4A test prolongation is defined as that integral test metallocated at an end of the forging or forging multiples.
47、6.1.3 Samples for mechanical test specimen shall be re-moved from forgings after the quenching and tempering heattreatment. The sample material shall be subjected to a simu-lated post weld heat treatment if Supplementary RequirementS1 is specified.6.1.4 For upset disk forgings, the longitudinal axis
48、 of thetest specimens shall be in the tangential direction. For all otherparts, the longitudinal axis of the specimens shall be parallel tothe direction of major working of the forging.6.1.5 Each forging shall be manufactured in accordancewith a purchaser-approved drawing, showing the prequencheddim
49、ensions, the finished dimensions, the surfaces that will besubjected to critical stresses, and the location of mechanicaltest specimens.6.1.6 The tension test specimens shall be positioned so thatthe longitudinal axis and mid-length is in accordance with oneof the following methods:6.1.6.1 Method 1t by 2t, where t is the distance from thearea of significant loading (see 3.1) to the nearest quenchedsurface. However, they shall not be nearer to one quenchedsurface than3
