1、Designation: A508/A508M 14Standard Specification forQuenched and Tempered Vacuum-Treated Carbon and AlloySteel Forgings for Pressure Vessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A508/A508M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1
3、.1 This specification2covers quenched and temperedvacuum-treated carbon and alloy steel forgings for pressurevessels such as those used in reactor systems. Specifically, itcovers forgings for vessel closures, shells, flanges, tube sheets,rings, heads, and similar parts.1.2 All grades are considered
4、weldable under proper condi-tions. Welding technique is of fundamental importance, and itis presupposed that welding procedure and inspection will be inaccordance with approved methods for the grade of materialused.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separa
5、tely as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-tion designa
6、tion, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.NOTE 1Grades 1 and 1A are composed of different chemistries buthave the same mechanical requirements.NOTE 2Designations have been changed as follows:Current FormerlyGrade 1 Class 1Grade 1A Class 1AGrade 2 Class 1 Class 2Grade 2 Class 2 Cl
7、ass 2AGrade 3 Class 1 Class 3Grade 3 Class 2 Class 3AGrade 4N Class 1 Class 4Grade 4N Class 2 Class 4AGrade 4N Class 3 Class 4BGrade 5 Class 1 Class 5Grade 5 Class 2 Class 5AGrade 22 Class 3 Class 22BGrade 22 Classes 4, 5, 6, and7Grade 3V Class 3V1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of
8、thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A275/A275M Practice for M
9、agnetic Particle Examination ofSteel ForgingsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of SteelForgingsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsA966/A966M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination
10、 ofSteel Forgings Using Alternating CurrentE208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test toDetermine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Fer-ritic SteelsE428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Metal, Otherthan Aluminum, Reference Blocks Used in UltrasonicTesting2.2 American Society of Me
11、chanical Engineers Standard:Boiler and Pressure Vessel CodeSection III, ArticlesNB 2300, NC 2300, ND 2300, NE 2300, NF 2300, NG230043. Terminology3.1 Definitions:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsi
12、bility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A508/A508M 05b(2010). DOI: 10.1520/A0508_A0508M-14.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see rel
13、ated Specifi-cation SA-508/SA-508M in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website
14、.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoh
15、ocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.1 controlling cross section thickness (TC)the diameterof the largest theoretical sphere which can be inscribed withinthe volume of the forging.4. Ordering Information4.1 Purchase OrderIn addition to the ordering informa-tion required by Specification A788/A788
16、M, the purchasershall include with the inquiry and order a detailed drawing thatlocates the areas of significant loading in the forging (whenrequired), the method of selecting test locations (see 7.1.5 and7.1.6), and purchase options (see 5.2.2, 7.2, and 11.1) and anysupplementary requirements desir
17、ed.4.2 Forging DrawingEach forging shall be manufacturedin accordance with a purchaser-approved drawing showing theprequenched dimensions, the finished dimensions, the surfacesthat will be subjected to significant loading, and the locationsof mechanical test specimens.4.3 Material supplied to this s
18、pecification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-lines additional ordering information, manufacturingrequirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures,marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi-tional supplementary requirements.4.3.1 Wh
19、en specified by the purchaser, it is permissible toperform Magnetic particle examination using the AC yoke inaccordance with Test Method A966/A966M instead of usingTest Method A275/A275M (see 9.2.1).4.4 The optional minimum silicon content as expressed inFootnote B to Table 1, if required.4.5 If the
20、 requirements of this specification are in conflictwith the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, therequirements of this specification shall prevail.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Melting Process:5.1.1 The steel shall be made by the basic electric-furnaceprocess except when secondary ladle ref
21、ining or the remeltingprocess is employed, in which case the melting processes ofSpecification A788/A788M are permitted.5.1.2 The molten steel shall be vacuum treated in accor-dance with the methods described in Specification A788/A788M, prior to or during the pouring of the ingot, in order toremove
22、 objectionable gases, particularly hydrogen.Grade 22 Classes 4, 5, 6, and 7 liquid steel shall be producedto a fine grain melting practice which has been shown to resultin a prior austenitic grain size of five or finer.5.1.3 DiscardSufficient discard shall be made from eachingot to secure freedom fr
23、om piping and excessive segregation.5.2 Heat Treatment:5.2.1 Preliminary Heat TreatmentAfter forging and be-fore reheating, the forgings shall be cooled to provide substan-tially complete transformation of austenite. Preliminary heattreatment may be applied to improve machinability and toenhance sub
24、sequent heat treatments.5.2.2 Heat Treatment for Mechanical PropertiesThe forg-ings shall be heated to a temperature which produces anaustenitic structure and then quenched in a suitable liquidmedium by spraying or immersion. For Grade 4N, Classes 1and 3, the austenitizing temperature shall be 1540F
25、 840Cmin to 1640F 895C max. Quenching shall be followed bytempering at a subcritical temperature and holding at thistemperature for a minimum time of one-half hour per inch ofmaximum section thickness. Except when Supplementary Re-quirement S 13 is specified for Grades 2 and 3, the minimumtempering
26、temperatures shall be as follows:Grades 1, 1A, 2 Class 2, and 3 Class 2 1150F 620CGrades 2 Class 1 and 3 Class 1 1200F 650CGrades 4N Classes 1 and 2, and 5Classes 1 and 21100F 595CGrade 4N Class 3 1125F 605CGrades 3V and 3VCb 1250F 675CGrade 22, Class 3 1200F 650CGrade 22, Classes 4, 5, 6, and 7 110
27、0F 593CTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsComposition, %Grade 1 Grade 1A Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4N Grade 5 Grade 22AGrade 3V Grade 3VCb Grade 6Carbon 0.35 max 0.30 max 0.27 max 0.25 max 0.23 max 0.23 max 0.110.15 0.100.15 0.100.15 0.280.33Manganese 0.401.05 0.701.35 0.501.00 1.201.50 0.200.40 0.200.40 0.30
28、0.60 0.300.60 0.300.60 0.751.15Phosphorus 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.020 max 0.020 max 0.025 maxSulfur 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.020 max 0.010 max 0.025 maxSiliconB0.40 max 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.40 max
29、0.30 max 0.35 max 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.35 maxNickel 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.501.00 0.401.00 2.83.9 2.83.9 0.25 max . . . 0.25 max 0.750.95Chromium 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.250.45 0.25 max 1.502.00 1.502.00 2.002.50 2.83.3 2.73.3 0.701.00Molybdenum 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.550.70 0.450.60 0.400.60 0.400.60 0.901.10
30、 max 0.901.10 0.901.10 0.300.45Vanadium 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.03 max 0.08 max 0.02 max 0.200.30 0.200.30 0.05 maxColumbium 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.0150.070 0.01 maxCopper 0.20 max 0.20 max 0.20 max 0.20 max 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 max
31、0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 maxCalcium 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.00050.0150 0.015 maxBoron 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.0010.003 0.003 max 0.003 maxTitanium 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max
32、 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.0150.035 0.015 max 0.015 maxAluminumC0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.025 maxAFor Grade 22 Classes 5, 6, and 7 with section thickness at heat treat of 8 in. or greater, the carbon and manganese shall be held to 0.13 to
33、 0.15 and 0.50 to 0.60,respectively.BWhen required by the purchaser a minimum silicon content of 0.15 % shall apply for Grades 1, 1A, 2, 3, and 4N.CAluminum content reported shall be the combined total soluble and insoluble aluminum.A508/A508M 142Specific cooling rates from the tempering temperature
34、 shallbe applied if Supplementary Requirement S14 is specified.5.3 For Grades 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 3, or 3A, a multiple stageaustenitizing procedure may be used whereby the forging isfirst fully austenitized and liquid quenched, followed byreheating within the intercritical temperature range to partiallyre
35、austenitize and again liquid quenched. On completion of theaustenitizing/quenching cycles, the forgings shall be temperedat a subcritical temperature as described in 5.2.2.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Heat AnalysisThe heat analysis obtained from sam-pling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M sh
36、allcomply with Table 1 except that the additional features ofSupplementary Requirements S7, S8, S9, and S11 shall alsoapply as individually specified in the ordering information.6.2 Product AnalysisThe manufacturer shall use the prod-uct analysis provision of Specification A788/A788M to obtaina prod
37、uct analysis from a forging representing each heat ormultiple heat. The permissible variations provided in the tableon Permissible Variations in Product Analysis for Killed Steelin Specification A788/A788M apply for manganese, nickel,chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium only. Boron is notsubject to pr
38、oduct analysis. The purchaser may also make thisdetermination in accordance with Specification A788/A788M.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Tension Test:7.1.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements of Table 2.7.1.2 The location and number of tension test specimens foreach forging or multiple forging
39、shall be as follows:7.1.2.1 Multiple Forgings Separated into Identical Indi-vidual Forgings with Weights not Exceeding 1000 lb 455 kgPrior to Quenching and Tempering TreatmentAt least oneindividual forging from each multiple forging in each heat-treating lot shall be tested using the test specimen l
40、ocations of7.1.5 or 7.1.6 as specified on the purchase orders, except thattest specimens located at midlength may be closer to the endsof the production forging than the specified distance to thesecond surfaces. All forgings shall be quenched and temperedin the same furnace charge.All forgings from
41、the multiple shallbe Brinell hardness tested after heat treatment and forgings nottested for mechanical properties shall have a Brinell Hardnesswithin 20 points of the Brinell Hardness of the forging that hasbeen tested for mechanical properties.7.1.2.2 Forgings or Multiple Forgings (Note 3) with We
42、ightat Time of Heat Treatment Less than 10 000 lb 4540 kg andHaving a Heat-Treated Length (Exclusive of Test Prolongation)of 80 in. 2032 mm or LessAtest prolongation (Note 4) shallbe located at one end. One tension test specimen shall be takenfrom the test prolongation.7.1.2.3 Forgings or Multiple F
43、orgings with Weight at Timeof Heat Treatment Less than 10 000 lb 4540 kg and Havinga Heat-Treated Length (Exclusive of Test Prolongations) Ex-ceeding 80 in. 2032 mmAtest prolongation shall be locatedat each end. One tension test specimen shall be taken from eachtest prolongation. An orientation of 1
44、80 shall be establishedbetween the two tension test specimens.7.1.2.4 Forgings or Multiple Forgings with Weight at Timeof Heat Treatment Over 10 000 lb 4540 kg and Having aHeat-Treated Length (Exclusive of Test Prolongation) of 80 in.2032 mm or LessAtest prolongation shall be located at oneend. Two
45、tension test specimens shall be taken from the testprolongation and shall be oriented 180 apart.7.1.2.5 Forgings or Multiple Forgings with Weight at Timeof Heat Treatment Over 10 000 lb 4540 kg and Having aHeat-Treated Length (Exclusive of Test Prolongations) Exceed-ing 80 in. 2032 mmA test prolonga
46、tion shall be located ateach end. The tension test specimens oriented 180 apart fromeach other shall be taken from each test prolongation. The twotension specimens located in one test prolongation shall beoriented 90 in relation to the two tension specimens located inthe other test prolongation.NOTE
47、 3Multiple forgings in 7.1.2.2 through 7.1.2.5 are those whichwill be separated after the quench and temper treatment.NOTE 4A test prolongation is defined as that integral test metallocated at an end of the forging or forging multiples.7.1.3 Samples for mechanical test specimen shall be re-moved fro
48、m forgings after the quenching and tempering heattreatment. The sample material shall be subjected to a simu-lated post weld heat treatment if Supplementary RequirementS1 is specified.7.1.4 For upset disk forgings, the longitudinal axis of thetest specimens shall be in the tangential direction. For
49、all otherparts, the longitudinal axis of the specimens shall be parallel tothe direction of major working of the forging.7.1.5 Each forging shall be manufactured in accordancewith a purchaser-approved drawing, showing the prequencheddimensions, the finished dimensions, the surfaces that will besubjected to critical stresses, and the location of mechanicaltest specimens.7.1.6 The tension test specimens shall be positioned so thatthe longitudinal axis and mid-length is
