1、Designation: A508/A508M 17A508/A508M 18Standard Specification forQuenched and Tempered Vacuum-Treated Carbon and AlloySteel Forgings for Pressure Vessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A508/A508M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original ado
2、ption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defen
3、se.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2 covers quenched and tempered vacuum-treated carbon and alloy steel forgings for pressure vessels suchas those used in reactor systems. Specifically, it covers forgings for vessel closures, shells, flanges, tube sheets, rings, heads, andsimilar parts.1.2 All grades
4、 are considered weldable under proper conditions. Welding technique is of fundamental importance, and it ispresupposed that welding procedure and inspection will be in accordance with approved methods for the grade of material used.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to
5、be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” sp
6、ecification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-poundunits.NOTE 1Grades 1 and 1A are composed of different chemistries but have the same mechanical requirements.NOTE 2Designations have been changed as follows:Current FormerlyGrade 1 Class 1Grade 1A Class 1AGrade 2 Class 1 Class
7、2Grade 2 Class 2 Class 2AGrade 3 Class 1 Class 3Grade 3 Class 2 Class 3AGrade 4N Class 1 Class 4Grade 4N Class 2 Class 4AGrade 4N Class 3 Class 4BGrade 5 Class 1 Class 5Grade 5 Class 2 Class 5AGrade 22 Class 3 Class 22BGrade 22 Classes 4, 5, 6, and 7Grade 3V Class 3V1.5 This standard does not purpor
8、t to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This internationa
9、l standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2
10、. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06on Steel Forgings an
11、d Billets.Current edition approved May 1, 2017March 1, 2018. Published May 2017March 2018. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20162017 asA508/A508M-16.-17. DOI: 10.1520/A0508_A0508M-17.10.1520/A0508_A0508M-18.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see rel
12、ated Specification SA-508/SA-508M in Section II of that Code.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
13、This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior edi
14、tions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295
15、9. United States1A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel ForgingsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General RequirementsA966/A966M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings Using Al
16、ternating CurrentE208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic SteelsE428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Metal, Other than Aluminum, Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic TestingA508/A508M 1822.2 American Society of Mechanical E
17、ngineers Standard:Boiler and Pressure Vessel CodeSection III, Articles NB 2300, NC 2300, ND 2300, NE 2300, NF 2300, NG 230043. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 controlling cross section thickness (TC)the diameter of the largest theoretical sphere which can be inscribed within thevolume of the forgin
18、g.4. Ordering Information4.1 Purchase OrderIn addition to the ordering information required by Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser shallinclude with the inquiry and order a detailed drawing that locates the areas of significant loading in the forging (when required),the method of selecting test
19、locations (see 7.1.5 and 7.1.6), and purchase options (see 5.2.2, 7.2, and 11.1) and any supplementaryrequirements desired.4.2 Forging DrawingEach forging shall be manufactured in accordance with a purchaser-approved drawing showing theprequenched dimensions, the finished dimensions, the surfaces th
20、at will be subjected to significant loading, and the locations ofmechanical test specimens.4.3 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which outlinesadditional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, testing and retesting metho
21、ds and procedures, marking, certification,product analysis variations, and additional supplementary requirements.4.3.1 When specified by the purchaser, it is permissible to perform Magnetic particle examination using the AC yoke inaccordance with Practice A966/A966M instead of using Practice A275/A2
22、75M (see 9.2.1).4.4 The optional minimum silicon content as expressed in Footnote B to Table 1, if required.4.5 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, therequirements of this specification shall prevail.5. Materials and Manufactur
23、e5.1 Melting Process:5.1.1 The steel shall be made by the basic electric-furnace process except when secondary ladle refining or the remelting processis employed, in which case the melting processes of Specification A788/A788M are permitted.5.1.2 The molten steel shall be vacuum treated in accordanc
24、e with the methods described in Specification A788/A788M, priorto or during the pouring of the ingot, in order to remove objectionable gases, particularly hydrogen.Grade 22 Classes 4, 5, 6, and 7 liquid steel shall be produced to a fine grain melting practice which has been shown to resultin a prior
25、 austenitic grain size of five or finer.4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsComposition, %Grade 1 Grade 1A Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4N Grade 5 Grade 22A
26、 Grade 3V Grade 3VCb Grade 6Carbon 0.35 max 0.30 max 0.27 max 0.25 max 0.23 max 0.23 max 0.110.15 0.100.15 0.100.15 0.280.33Manganese 0.401.05 0.701.35 0.501.00 1.201.50 0.200.40 0.200.40 0.300.60 0.300.60 0.300.60 0.751.15Phosphorus 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.020 max 0.015
27、max 0.020 max 0.020 max 0.025 maxSulfur 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.020 max 0.010 max 0.025 maxSiliconB 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.30 max 0.35 max 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.35 maxNickel 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.501.00 0.401.00 2.83.9 2.83.9 0.25 m
28、ax . . . 0.25 max 0.750.95Chromium 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.250.45 0.25 max 1.502.00 1.502.00 2.002.50 2.83.3 2.73.3 0.701.00Molybdenum 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.550.70 0.450.60 0.400.60 0.400.60 0.901.10 max 0.901.10 0.901.10 0.300.45Vanadium 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.03 max 0.08 max 0.02 max 0.20
29、0.30 0.200.30 0.05 maxColumbiumC 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.0150.070 0.01 maxCopper 0.20 max 0.20 max 0.20 max 0.20 max 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 maxCalcium 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.
30、015 max 0.00050.0150 0.015 maxBoron 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.0010.003 0.003 max 0.003 maxTitanium 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.0150.035 0.015 max 0.015 maxAluminumC 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025
31、 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.025 maxAluminumD 0.030 max 0.030 max 0.030 max 0.030 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.025 maxA For Grade 22 Classes 5, 6, and 7 with section thickness at heat treat of 8 in. or greater, the carbon and manganese shall be held to 0.
32、13 to 0.15 and 0.50 to 0.60,respectively.B When required by the purchaser a minimum silicon content of 0.15 % shall apply for Grades 1, 1A, 2, 3, and 4N.C Columbium (Cb) and Niobium (Nb) are alternate names for Element 41 in the Periodic Table of the Elements.D Aluminum content reported shall be the
33、 combined total soluble and insoluble aluminum.A508/A508M 1835.1.3 DiscardSufficient discard shall be made from each ingot to secure freedom from piping and excessive segregation.5.2 Heat Treatment:5.2.1 Preliminary Heat TreatmentAfter forging and before reheating, the forgings shall be cooled to pr
34、ovide substantiallycomplete transformation of austenite. Preliminary heat treatment may be applied to improve machinability and to enhancesubsequent heat treatments.5.2.2 Heat Treatment for Mechanical PropertiesThe forgings shall be heated to a temperature which produces an austeniticstructure and t
35、hen quenched in a suitable liquid medium by spraying or immersion. For Grade 4N, Classes 1 and 3, the austenitizingtemperature shall be 1540 F 840 C min to 1640 F 895 C max. Quenching shall be followed by tempering at a subcriticaltemperature and holding at this temperature for a minimum time of one
36、-half hour per inch of maximum section thickness. Exceptwhen Supplementary Requirement S 13 is specified for Grades 2 and 3, the minimum tempering temperatures shall be as follows:Grades 1, 1A, 2 Class 2, and 3 Class 2 1150 F 620 CGrades 2 Class 1 and 3 Class 1 1200 F 650 CGrades 4N Classes 1 and 2,
37、 and 5Classes 1 and 21100 F 595 CGrade 4N Class 3 1125 F 605 CGrades 3V and 3VCb 1250 F 675 CGrade 22, Class 3 1200 F 650 CGrade 22, Classes 4, 5, 6, and 7 1100 F 593 CSpecific cooling rates from the tempering temperature shall be applied if Supplementary Requirement S14 is specified.5.3 For Grades
38、1, 1A, 2, 2A, 3, or 3A, a multiple stage austenitizing procedure may be used whereby the forging is first fullyaustenitized and liquid quenched, followed by reheating within the intercritical temperature range to partially reaustenitize andagain liquid quenched. On completion of the austenitizing/qu
39、enching cycles, the forgings shall be tempered at a subcriticaltemperature as described in 5.2.2.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Heat AnalysisThe heat analysis obtained from sampling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shall comply withTable 1 except that the additional features of Supplementary
40、Requirements S7, S8, S9, and S11 shall also apply as individuallyspecified in the ordering information.6.2 Product AnalysisThe manufacturer shall use the product analysis provision of Specification A788/A788M to obtain aproduct analysis from a forging representing each heat or multiple heat. The per
41、missible variations provided in the table onPermissible Variations in ProductAnalysis for Killed Steel in Specification A788/A788M apply for manganese, nickel, chromium,molybdenum, and vanadium only. Boron is not subject to product analysis. The purchaser may also make this determination inaccordanc
42、e with Specification A788/A788M.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Tension Test:7.1.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements of Table 2.7.1.2 The location and number of tension test specimens for each forging or multiple forging shall be as follows:7.1.2.1 Individual Forgings with Weights Not Exceedin
43、g 1000 lb 455 kg or Multiple Forgings Separated into IdenticalIndividual Forgings with Weights not Exceeding 1000 lb 455 kg Prior to Quenching and Tempering TreatmentAt least oneindividual forging from each heat and each heat-treating lot shall be tested using the test specimen locations of 7.1.5 or
44、 7.1.6 asspecified on the purchase orders, except that test specimens located at midlength may be closer to the ends of the productionforging than the specified distance to the second surfaces.All forgings shall be quenched and tempered in the same furnace charge.All forgings from the multiple shall
45、 be Brinell hardness tested after heat treatment and forgings not tested for mechanical propertiesshall have a Brinell Hardness within 20 points of the Brinell Hardness of the forging that has been tested for mechanical properties.7.1.2.2 Forgings or Multiple Forgings (Note 3) with Weight at Time of
46、 Heat Treatment Not Exceeding 10 000 lb 4540 kg andHaving a Heat-Treated Length (Exclusive of Test Prolongation) of 80 in. 2032 mm or LessA test prolongation (Note 4) shallbe located at one end. One tension test specimen shall be taken from the test prolongation.7.1.2.3 Forgings or Multiple Forgings
47、 with Weight at Time of Heat Treatment Not Exceeding 10 000 lb 4540 kg and Havinga Heat-Treated Length (Exclusive of Test Prolongations) Exceeding 80 in. 2032 mmAtest prolongation shall be located at eachend. One tension test specimen shall be taken from each test prolongation.An orientation of 180
48、shall be established between thetwo tension test specimens.7.1.2.4 Forgings or Multiple Forgings with Weight at Time of Heat Treatment Over 10 000 lb 4540 kg and Having aHeat-Treated Length (Exclusive of Test Prolongation) of 80 in. 2032 mm or LessAtest prolongation shall be located at one end.Two t
49、ension test specimens shall be taken from the test prolongation and shall be oriented 180 apart.7.1.2.5 Forgings or Multiple Forgings with Weight at Time of Heat Treatment Over 10 000 lb 4540 kg and Having aHeat-Treated Length (Exclusive of Test Prolongations) Exceeding 80 in. 2032 mmA test prolongation shall be located at eachA508/A508M 184TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsGrades 1and 1aGrades 2Class 1and3 Class 1Grades 2Class 2and3 Class 2Grades4NClass 1and5 Class 1Grad
