1、Designation: A 541/A 541M 05Standard Specification forQuenched and Tempered Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgingsfor Pressure Vessel Components1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 541/A 541M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers requirements for quenchedand tempered carbon and alloy ste
3、el forgings for pressurevessel components.1.2 All grades are considered weldable under proper condi-tions. Welding technique is of fundamental importance, and itis presupposed that welding procedure and inspection will be inaccordance with approved methods for the grade of materialused.NOTE 1Grades
4、1 and 1A have different chemistries but the samemechanical requirements.NOTE 2Designations have been changed as follows:Current FormerlyGrade 1 Class 1Grade 1A Class 1AGrade 1C Class 4Grade 2 Class 1 Class 2Grade 2 Class 2 Class 2AGrade 3 Class 1 Class 3Grade 3 Class 2 Class 3AGrade 4N Class 1 Class
5、 7Grade 4N Class 2 Class 7AGrade 4N Class 3 Class 7BGrade 5 Class 1 Class 8Grade 5 Class 2 Class 8AGrade 11 Class 4 Class 11CGrade 22 Class 3 Class 22BGrade 22 Class 4 Class 22CGrade 22 Class 5 Class 22DGrade 22V Class 22VGrade 3V Class 3V1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI(metric
6、) units are to be regarded separately as the standard.Within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-fo
7、rmance with the specification.1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-tion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami-nation of Steel ForgingsA 370 Test Metho
8、ds and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination ofHeavy Steel ForgingsA 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-mentsE 208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test toDetermine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic
9、Steels3. Ordering Information and General Requirements3.1 In addition to the ordering information required bySpecification A 788, the purchaser shall include with theinquiry and order a detailed drawing that locates areas ofsignificant loading in the forging (when required); the methodof selecting t
10、est locations (see 6.2); purchase option (if any) inaccordance with 9.1, and any supplementary requirementsdesired.3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A 788, which outlines addi-tional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, test-in
11、g and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certifica-tion, product analysis variations, and additional supplementaryrequirements.3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith the requirements of Specification A 788, the requirementsof this specification shall prevail.1This
12、specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys , and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edi
13、tion approved in 2004 as A 541/A 541M 04.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-541/SA-541M in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Bo
14、ok of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Chemical Com
15、position4.1 Heat AnalysisThe heat analysis obtained from sam-pling in accordance with SpecificationA 788 shall comply withTable 1 except that the additional features of SupplementaryRequirements S8, S9, S10, S12, and S15 shall also apply asindividually specified in the ordering information.4.2 Produ
16、ct AnalysisThe manufacturer shall use the prod-uct analysis provision of Specification A 788 to obtain aproduct analysis from a forging representing each heat ormultiple heat. The permissible variations of Table 1 of Speci-fication A 788 do not apply to carbon, phosphorus, silicon, andsulphur for al
17、l classes, vanadium for Grade 1C, and columbiumand calcium for Grades 22V and 3VCb. Boron is not subject toproduct analysis. The purchaser may also make this determi-nation in accordance with Specification A 788.5. Heat Treatment for Mechanical Properties5.1 After complete austenitization, the forgi
18、ngs shall bequenched in a suitable liquid medium by spraying or immer-sion. For Grade 22V forgings, the minimum austenitizingtemperature shall be 1650F 900C. Quenching shall befollowed by tempering at a subcritical temperature and holdingat this temperature for a minimum time of12 h/in. 25 mm ofmaxi
19、mum section thickness. Minimum tempering temperaturesshall be:Grade F C1, 1A, 2 Class 2, 3 Class 2 1150 6202, 3 Class 1, 22 Class 3 1200 6501C, 11 Class 4, 22 Class 4, 4N Class 1, 4NClass 2, 5 Class 1, 5 Class 21100 59522 Class 15 1050 5654N Class 3 1125 6053V, 3VCb 1250 67522V 1250 6755.2 For Class
20、es 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 3, or 3A, a multiple stageaustenitizing procedure may be used whereby the forging isfirst fully austenitized and liquid quenched, followed byreheating within the intercritical temperature range to partiallyreaustenitize, and again liquid quenched. On completion of theaustenitizing/q
21、uenching cycles, the forgings shall be temperedat a subcritical temperature as described in 5.1.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 General RequirementsThe forgings shall conform tothe requirements of Table 2. The forgings shall also conform tothe requirements of Table 3 unless either SupplementaryRequireme
22、nt S6 or S13 is specified, in which case therequirements of those sections shall apply. The largest obtain-able tension test specimen as specified in Fig. 4 of TestMethods and Definitions A 370 shall be used. Impact speci-mens shall be Charpy V-notch, as shown in Fig. 10 of TestMethods and Definitio
23、ns A 370. The usage of subsize impactspecimens due to material limitations must have prior pur-chaser approval.6.2 SamplingThe longitudinal axis and mid-length oftension and impact test specimens shall be positioned inaccordance with one of the following methods as specified bythe purchaser:6.2.1 Me
24、thod 1This method shall always be used whenthe maximum quenched thickness does not exceed 2 in. 50mm. Specimens shall be located in the production forging ortest forging (as described in Method 4) at mid-thickness and atleast 2 in. from other quenched surfaces.6.2.2 Method 2t by 2t, where t is the d
25、istance from thearea of significant loading (see 3.1) to the nearest quenchedsurface. However, the specimens shall not be nearer to onequenched surface than34 in. 20 mm and to the secondquenched surface than 112 in. 40 mm. When this method oftesting is employed, forgings are usually manufactured ina
26、ccordance with a purchaser-approved drawing showing pre-quenched dimensions and the location of mechanical testspecimens.TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements Composition, %Grade 1 Grade 1A Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 1C Grade 11Class 4Grade 22Classes 4and 5Grade 4N Grade 5 Grade 3V Grade 22Class 3Grade 22V Grade
27、3VCbCarbon 0.35 max 0.30 max 0.27 max 0.25 max 0.18 max 0.100.20 0.050.15 0.23 max 0.23 max 0.100.15 0.110.15 0.110.15 0.10-0.15Manganese 0.400.90 0.701.35 0.500.90 1.201.50 1.30 max 0.300.80 0.300.60 0.200.40 0.200.40 0.300.60 0.300.60 0.300.60 0.30-0.60Phosphorus 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.02
28、5 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.020 maxSulfur 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.010 max 0.010 maxSiliconA0.35 max 0.40 max 0.35 max 0.35 max 0.35 max 0.501.00 0.50 ma
29、x 0.30 max 0.30 max 0.10 max 0.50 max 0.10 max 0.10 maxNickel 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.501.00 0.401.00 0.25 max 0.50 max 0.50 max 2.83.9 2.83.9 . . . 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 maxChromium 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.250.45 0.25 max 0.15 max 1.001.50 2.002.50 1.252.00 1.252.00 2.83.3 2.002.50 2.002.50 2.7-3.3Molybde
30、num 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.550.70 0.450.60 0.05 max 0.450.65 0.901.10 0.400.60 0.400.60 0.901.10 0.901.10 0.901.10 0.90-1.10Vanadium 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.020.12 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.03 max 0.08 max 0.200.30 0.02 max 0.250.35 0.20-0.30Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . 0.0150.035 . . . 0.030 max 0.015 maxBoron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0010.003 . . . 0.0020 max . . .Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.20 max 0.25 maxColumbium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . . 0.07 max 0.015-0.070Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . 0.015maxB0.0005-0.0150AWhen vacuum carbon-deoxidation is required for the classes included in Supplementary Requirements S10, the silicon content shall be 0.10 % max.BFor Grade 22V, rare earth metals (REM) may be added in place of calcium, subje
33、ct to agreement between the producer and the purchaser. In that case the total amountof REM shall be determined and reported.A 541/A 541M 0526.2.3 Method 314 T by T, where T is the maximumthickness of the forging as heat treated. Where this method oftesting is employed, the following limitations for
34、 as-treatedthickness shall apply, unless otherwise agreed upon:Grade in. 1 mm, max1 and 1A 3 752 Class 2 and 3 Class 2 6 1502 Class 1 and 3 Class 1 8 2001C 4 10011 Class 4 5 12522 Class 4, 4N Class 2, 5 Class 2 6 15022 Class 5 8 2004N Class 1, 5 Class 1, 4N Class 3, 3V, 3VCb,22V, and 22 Class 310 25
35、06.2.4 Method 4Test specimens shall be taken from arepresentative separate test forging or bar made from the sameheat of steel, which shall receive substantially the samereduction and type of hot working as the production forgingsthat it represents, except that a longitudinally forged bar maybe used
36、 to represent a rolled ring of similar cross section. Itshall be of the same nominal thickness as the as-quenchedproduction forgings and shall be heat treated in the samefurnace charge and under the same conditions as the productionforgings. Test specimens shall be removed using the14 T by Tprocedur
37、e referenced in Method 3 with the same limitation onforging thickness as in 6.2.3. This method shall be limited toforgings with a rough machined weight of not more than 1000lb 450 kg.6.3 Metal BuffersThe required distances from quenchedsurfaces may be obtained with metal buffers instead of integrale
38、xtensions. Buffer material may be carbon or low-alloy steel,and shall be joined to the forging with a partial penetrationweld that seals the buffered surface. Specimens shall be locatedat least12 in. 13 mm from the buffered surface of the forging.Buffers shall be removed and the welded areas subject
39、ed tomagnetic particle test to ensure freedom from cracks unless thewelded areas are completely removed by subsequent machin-ing.6.4 Samples shall be removed from forgings after thequenching and tempering heat treatments. This sample materialshall be subjected to a simulated post-weld heat treatment
40、 ifSupplementary Requirement S1 is specified.6.5 OrientationFor upset disk forgings, the longitudinalaxis of all test specimens shall be oriented in the tangentialdirection. For all other forgings, the longitudinal axis of thespecimens shall be oriented in the direction of maximumworking of the forg
41、ing unless Supplementary RequirementsS11 or S14 are imposed.6.6 Number of Tests:6.6.1 Forgings under 500 lb 230 kg As TreatedForduplicate forgings weighing less than 500 lb 230 kg astreated, one tension test and one impact test (three specimens)shall be made to represent each heat in each heat-treat
42、mentcharge. When heat treatment is performed in continuous-typefurnaces with suitable temperature control and equipped withrecording pyrometers so that complete heat-treatment recordsare available, a heat-treatment charge shall be considered asany continuous run not exceeding an 8-h duration.TABLE 2
43、 Tensile RequirementsGrade 1and 1AGrades 2Class 1,3 Class 1,1C and11 Class 4Grade 2Class 2 andGrade 3Class 2Grade 22Class 4Grade 22Class 5Grade 4NClass 1 andGrade 5Class 1Grades 4NClass 2 and5 Class 2Grade 4NClass 3Grades 3Vand 22VGrade 22Class 3Grade3VCbTensile strength, ksiMPa709548565580105550725
44、9011562079510513072589511514079596510513072589511514079596590115620795851105857608511058576085110585-760Yield strength (0.2 %offset), min, ksiMPa36 250 50 345 65 450 85 585 100 690 85 585 100 690 70 485 60 415 55 380 60 415Elongation in 2 in. or50 mm, min, %20 18 16 16 15 18 16 20 18 18 18Reduction
45、of area,min, %38 38 35 45 40 48 45 48 45 45 45TABLE 3 Charpy V-Notch Impact Requirements at 40F (4C) (Except for 2A)A,BGrades 1,1A, and11 Class 4Grade 2Class 2and 3Class 2Grade 2Class 1,3 Class 1and 1CGrade 22Class 5Grades 22CL 4 4NClasses 1, 2, 35 Classes 1, 2Grades 3V and 3VCb,Grade 22,Class 3and
46、Grade 22VMinimum average value of set of three specimens,ftlbf (J)C15 20 35 47D30 41 25 34 35 47 40 54EMinimum value of one specimen, ftlbf (J) 10 14 30 41D25 34 20 27 30 41 35 47EAThese Charpy values are for tests made on standard 10-mm square specimens. If sub-size impact specimens are used, the r
47、equired minimum ftlbf values shall bedetermined by multiplying the ftlbf values in Table 3 by56 for 7.5 by 10-mm specimens, and by23 for 5 by 10-mm specimens.BThese values apply for tests at lower temperatures if Supplementary Requirement S6 is specified in the order.CNot more than one specimen from
48、 a set may be below this value.DTested at 70F 21C.ETested at 0F 18C.A 541/A 541M 0536.6.2 Forgings weighing 500 to 10 000 lb 230 to 4500 kgAs-Heat TreatedOne tension and one impact test (3 speci-mens) shall be made for each forging.6.6.3 Each forging weighing over 10 000 lb 4500 kg shallrequire two
49、tension tests and two impact tests, located atopposite ends if the length is 112 times the diameter or more,or 180 apart otherwise.7. Repair Welding7.1 Repair welding of forgings may be permitted, but onlyat the option of the purchaser.7.2 If repair welding is performed, welders and weld pro-cedures shall be qualified in accordance with Section IX of
