1、Designation: A541/A541M 05 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Specification forQuenched and Tempered Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgingsfor Pressure Vessel Components1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A541/A541M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original ado
2、ption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers requirements for quenchedand tempered carbon
3、 and alloy steel forgings for pressurevessel components.1.2 All grades are considered weldable under proper condi-tions. Welding technique is of fundamental importance, and itis presupposed that welding procedure and inspection will be inaccordance with approved methods for the grade of materialused
4、.NOTE 1Grades 1 and 1A have different chemistries but the samemechanical requirements.NOTE 2Designations have been changed as follows:Current FormerlyGrade 1 Class 1Grade 1A Class 1AGrade 1C Class 4Grade 2 Class 1 Class 2Grade 2 Class 2 Class 2AGrade 3 Class 1 Class 3Grade 3 Class 2 Class 3AGrade 4N
5、 Class 1 Class 7Grade 4N Class 2 Class 7AGrade 4N Class 3 Class 7BGrade 5 Class 1 Class 8Grade 5 Class 2 Class 8AGrade 11 Class 4 Class 11CGrade 22 Class 3 Class 22BGrade 22 Class 4 Class 22CGrade 22 Class 5 Class 22DGrade 22V Class 22VGrade 3V Class 3V1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound unit
6、s or SI(metric) units are to be regarded separately as the standard.Within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may resul
7、t in noncon-formance with the specification.1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-tion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examinationof Steel ForgingsA370 Test
8、 Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of SteelForgingsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsE208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test toDetermine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferrit
9、icSteels3. Ordering Information and General Requirements3.1 In addition to the ordering information required bySpecification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall include withthe inquiry and order a detailed drawing that locates areas ofsignificant loading in the forging (when required); the methodof sele
10、cting test locations (see 6.2); purchase option (if any) inaccordance with 9.1, and any supplementary requirementsdesired.3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-lines additional ordering information, manufacturing require-m
11、ents, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking,certification, product analysis variations, and additional supple-mentary requirements.3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, therequirements of this specification sha
12、ll prevail.4. Chemical Composition4.1 Heat AnalysisThe heat analysis obtained from sam-pling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shall1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys , and is the direct responsibility of Subcommi
13、tteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A541/A541M 05.DOI: 10.1520/A0541_A0541M-05R10.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cati
14、on SA-541/SA-541M in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of C
15、hanges section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Sply with Table 1 except that the additional features ofSupplementary Requirements S8, S9, S10, S12, and S15 shallalso apply as individually s
16、pecified in the ordering information.4.2 Product AnalysisThe manufacturer shall use the prod-uct analysis provision of Specification A788/A788M to obtaina product analysis from a forging representing each heat ormultiple heat. The permissible variations of Table 1 of Speci-fication A788/A788M do not
17、 apply to carbon, phosphorus,silicon, and sulphur for all classes, vanadium for Grade 1C, andcolumbium and calcium for Grades 22V and 3VCb. Boron isnot subject to product analysis. The purchaser may also makethis determination in accordance with Specification A788/A788M.5. Heat Treatment for Mechani
18、cal Properties5.1 After complete austenitization, the forgings shall bequenched in a suitable liquid medium by spraying or immer-sion. For Grade 22V forgings, the minimum austenitizingtemperature shall be 1650F 900C. Quenching shall befollowed by tempering at a subcritical temperature and holdingat
19、this temperature for a minimum time of12 h/in. 25 mm ofmaximum section thickness. Minimum tempering temperaturesshall be:Grade F C1, 1A, 2 Class 2, 3 Class 2 1150 6202, 3 Class 1, 22 Class 3 1200 6501C, 11 Class 4, 22 Class 4, 4N Class 1, 4NClass 2, 5 Class 1, 5 Class 21100 59522 Class 15 1050 5654N
20、 Class 3 1125 6053V, 3VCb 1250 67522V 1250 6755.2 For Classes 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 3, or 3A, a multiple stageaustenitizing procedure may be used whereby the forging isfirst fully austenitized and liquid quenched, followed byreheating within the intercritical temperature range to partiallyreaustenitize, and
21、 again liquid quenched. On completion of theaustenitizing/quenching cycles, the forgings shall be temperedat a subcritical temperature as described in 5.1.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 General RequirementsThe forgings shall conform tothe requirements of Table 2. The forgings shall also conform tothe r
22、equirements of Table 3 unless either SupplementaryRequirement S6 or S13 is specified, in which case therequirements of those sections shall apply. The largest obtain-able tension test specimen as specified in Fig. 4 of TestMethods and DefinitionsA370 shall be used. Impact specimensshall be Charpy V-
23、notch, as shown in Fig. 10 of Test Methodsand Definitions A370. The usage of subsize impact specimensdue to material limitations must have prior purchaser approval.6.2 SamplingThe longitudinal axis and mid-length oftension and impact test specimens shall be positioned inaccordance with one of the fo
24、llowing methods as specified bythe purchaser:6.2.1 Method 1This method shall always be used whenthe maximum quenched thickness does not exceed 2 in. 50mm. Specimens shall be located in the production forging ortest forging (as described in Method 4) at mid-thickness and atleast 2 in. from other quen
25、ched surfaces.6.2.2 Method 2t by 2t, where t is the distance from thearea of significant loading (see 3.1) to the nearest quenchedsurface. However, the specimens shall not be nearer to onequenched surface than34 in. 20 mm and to the secondquenched surface than 112 in. 40 mm. When this method oftesti
26、ng is employed, forgings are usually manufactured inaccordance with a purchaser-approved drawing showing pre-quenched dimensions and the location of mechanical testspecimens.6.2.3 Method 314 T by T, where T is the maximumthickness of the forging as heat treated. Where this method oftesting is employ
27、ed, the following limitations for as-treatedthickness shall apply, unless otherwise agreed upon:TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements Composition, %Grade 1 Grade 1A Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 1C Grade 11Class 4Grade 22Classes 4and 5Grade 4N Grade 5 Grade 3V Grade 22Class 3Grade 22V Grade3VCbCarbon 0.35 max 0.30
28、max 0.27 max 0.25 max 0.18 max 0.100.20 0.050.15 0.23 max 0.23 max 0.100.15 0.110.15 0.110.15 0.10-0.15Manganese 0.400.90 0.701.35 0.500.90 1.201.50 1.30 max 0.300.80 0.300.60 0.200.40 0.200.40 0.300.60 0.300.60 0.300.60 0.30-0.60Phosphorus 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max
29、 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.020 maxSulfur 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.010 max 0.010 maxSiliconA0.35 max 0.40 max 0.35 max 0.35 max 0.35 max 0.501.00 0.50 max 0.30 max 0.30 max 0.10
30、max 0.50 max 0.10 max 0.10 maxNickel 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.501.00 0.401.00 0.25 max 0.50 max 0.50 max 2.83.9 2.83.9 . . . 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 maxChromium 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.250.45 0.25 max 0.15 max 1.001.50 2.002.50 1.252.00 1.252.00 2.83.3 2.002.50 2.002.50 2.7-3.3Molybdenum 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.5
31、50.70 0.450.60 0.05 max 0.450.65 0.901.10 0.400.60 0.400.60 0.901.10 0.901.10 0.901.10 0.90-1.10Vanadium 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.020.12 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.03 max 0.08 max 0.200.30 0.02 max 0.250.35 0.20-0.30Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0150.035 . .
32、. 0.030 max 0.015 maxBoron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0010.003 . . . 0.0020 max . . .Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.20 max 0.25 maxColumbium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07 max 0.015-0.070
33、Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . 0.015maxB0.0005-0.0150AWhen vacuum carbon-deoxidation is required for the classes included in Supplementary Requirements S10, the silicon content shall be 0.10 % max.BFor Grade 22V, rare earth metals (REM) may be added in place of calcium, subject to agreement between t
34、he producer and the purchaser. In that case the total amountof REM shall be determined and reported.A541/A541M 05 (2010)2Grade in. 1 mm, max1 and 1A 3 752 Class 2 and 3 Class 2 6 1502 Class 1 and 3 Class 1 8 2001C 4 10011 Class 4 5 12522 Class 4, 4N Class 2, 5 Class 2 6 15022 Class 5 8 2004N Class 1
35、, 5 Class 1, 4N Class 3, 3V, 3VCb,22V, and 22 Class 310 2506.2.4 Method 4Test specimens shall be taken from arepresentative separate test forging or bar made from the sameheat of steel, which shall receive substantially the samereduction and type of hot working as the production forgingsthat it repr
36、esents, except that a longitudinally forged bar maybe used to represent a rolled ring of similar cross section. Itshall be of the same nominal thickness as the as-quenchedproduction forgings and shall be heat treated in the samefurnace charge and under the same conditions as the productionforgings.
37、Test specimens shall be removed using the14 T by Tprocedure referenced in Method 3 with the same limitation onforging thickness as in 6.2.3. This method shall be limited toforgings with a rough machined weight of not more than 1000lb 450 kg.6.3 Metal BuffersThe required distances from quenchedsurfac
38、es may be obtained with metal buffers instead of integralextensions. Buffer material may be carbon or low-alloy steel,and shall be joined to the forging with a partial penetrationweld that seals the buffered surface. Specimens shall be locatedat least12 in. 13 mm from the buffered surface of the for
39、ging.Buffers shall be removed and the welded areas subjected tomagnetic particle test to ensure freedom from cracks unless thewelded areas are completely removed by subsequent machin-ing.6.4 Samples shall be removed from forgings after thequenching and tempering heat treatments. This sample material
40、shall be subjected to a simulated post-weld heat treatment ifSupplementary Requirement S1 is specified.6.5 OrientationFor upset disk forgings, the longitudinalaxis of all test specimens shall be oriented in the tangentialdirection. For all other forgings, the longitudinal axis of thespecimens shall
41、be oriented in the direction of maximumworking of the forging unless Supplementary RequirementsS11 or S14 are imposed.6.6 Number of Tests:6.6.1 Forgings under 500 lb 230 kg As TreatedForduplicate forgings weighing less than 500 lb 230 kg astreated, one tension test and one impact test (three specime
42、ns)shall be made to represent each heat in each heat-treatmentcharge. When heat treatment is performed in continuous-typefurnaces with suitable temperature control and equipped withrecording pyrometers so that complete heat-treatment recordsare available, a heat-treatment charge shall be considered
43、asany continuous run not exceeding an 8-h duration.6.6.2 Forgings weighing 500 to 10 000 lb 230 to 4500 kgAs-Heat TreatedOne tension and one impact test (3 speci-mens) shall be made for each forging.6.6.3 Each forging weighing over 10 000 lb 4500 kg shallrequire two tension tests and two impact test
44、s, located atopposite ends if the length is 112 times the diameter or more,or 180 apart otherwise.7. Repair Welding7.1 Repair welding of forgings may be permitted, but onlyat the option of the purchaser.TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsGrade 1and 1AGrades 2Class 1,3 Class 1,1C and11 Class 4Grade 2Class 2
45、 andGrade 3Class 2Grade 22Class 4Grade 22Class 5Grade 4NClass 1 andGrade 5Class 1Grades 4NClass 2 and5 Class 2Grade 4NClass 3Grades 3Vand 22VGrade 22Class 3Grade3VCbTensile strength, ksiMPa709548565580105550725901156207951051307258951151407959651051307258951151407959659011562079585110585760851105857
46、6085110585-760Yield strength (0.2 %offset), min, ksiMPa36 250 50 345 65 450 85 585 100 690 85 585 100 690 70 485 60 415 55 380 60 415Elongation in 2 in. or50 mm, min, %20 18 16 16 15 18 16 20 18 18 18Reduction of area,min, %38 38 35 45 40 48 45 48 45 45 45TABLE 3 Charpy V-Notch Impact Requirements a
47、t 40F (4C) (Except for 2A)A,BGrades 1,1A, and11 Class 4Grade 2Class 2and 3Class 2Grade 2Class 1,3 Class 1and 1CGrade 22Class 5Grades 22CL 4 4NClasses 1, 2, 35 Classes 1, 2Grades 3V and 3VCb,Grade 22,Class 3and Grade 22VMinimum average value of set of three specimens,ftlbf (J)C15 20 35 47D30 41 25 34
48、 35 47 40 54EMinimum value of one specimen, ftlbf (J) 10 14 30 41D25 34 20 27 30 41 35 47EAThese Charpy values are for tests made on standard 10-mm square specimens. If sub-size impact specimens are used, the required minimum ftlbf values shall bedetermined by multiplying the ftlbf values in Table 3
49、 by56 for 7.5 by 10-mm specimens, and by23 for 5 by 10-mm specimens.BThese values apply for tests at lower temperatures if Supplementary Requirement S6 is specified in the order.CNot more than one specimen from a set may be below this value.DTested at 70F 21C.ETested at 0F 18C.A541/A541M 05 (2010)37.2 If repair welding is performed, welders
