1、Designation: A576 90b (Reapproved 2012)Standard Specification forSteel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A576; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers hot-wrough
3、t special qualitycarbon steel bars. Special quality bar applications includeforging, heat treating, cold drawing, machining, and manystructural uses. A guide for the selection of steel bars iscontained in Practice A400.1.2 The bars shall be furnished in the grades specified inTable 1. Sections and s
4、izes of bar steel available are covered inSpecification A29/A29M. Hot-wrought special quality carbonsteel bars are produced in cut lengths and coils; the manufac-turer should be consulted regarding sections and sizes availablein coils, produced to a chemical composition.1.3 Merchant quality hot-wrou
5、ght carbon steel bars arecovered in Specification A575.1.4 Some end uses may require superior surface quality, orspecial chemical restrictions, metallurgical characteristics, heattreatment, or surface finishes which the purchaser may obtainby designating one or more of the available SupplementaryReq
6、uirements.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA400 Practice for Steel Bars, Selection Guide, Composi-tion, and Mechanical Proper
7、tiesA575 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Merchant Qual-ity, M-GradesE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content ofSteelE527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in theUnified Numbering System (UNS)2.2 SAE Standard:SAE J 1086 Recommended Practice for Numbering Metalsand Alloys (U
8、NS)33. Ordering Information3.1 Orders under this specification should include the fol-lowing, as required, to describe adequately the desired mate-rial:3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of bars),3.1.2 Name of material (hot-wrought carbon steel bars),3.1.3 Dimensions,3.1.4 ASTM specification number an
9、d date of issue,3.1.5 Deoxidation practice (see 4.2.1),3.1.6 Grade designation or chemical composition limits (see5.1 and Table 1),3.1.7 Coarse or fine grain steel (4.2.2),3.1.8 Test reports, if required (Section 7),3.1.9 Additions to the specification and SupplementaryRequirements, if required, and
10、3.1.10 End use.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 10 000 lb,carbon steel bars, hot rolled 1 000 in. diameter by 10 ft, ASTM A576dated _, killed steel, Grade 1018, test reports required, coarse grainSupplementary Requirement S10, welded industrial fan hubs and shafts.4. Materials and
11、 Manufacture4.1 Melting PracticeThe steel shall be made by one ormore of the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace. The primary melting may incor-porate separate degassing or refining and may be followed bysecondary melting using electroslag remelting or vacuum
12、arcremelting. Where secondary melting is employed, the heatshall be defined as all of the ingots remelted from a singleprimary heat.4.2 Deoxidation:4.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, the steel shall be rimmed,capped, semi-killed, or killed at the manufacturers option.1This specification is under the
13、jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.15 on Bars.Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originallyapproved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A576 90b (2006).DOI: 10.15
14、20/A0576-90BR12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Society of Automotive Enginee
15、rs, 400 Commonwealth Drive,Warrendale, PA 15096.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.TABLE 1 Grade Designations and Chemical Requirements of Hot-Wrought Carbon Steel BarsNOTEGrade designations and compositions correspond t
16、o the respective AISI designations and compositions.UNS DesignationAGrade Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits, %Carbon Manganese Phosphorus, max Sulfur, maxBNonresulfurized Carbon SteelsC,D,E,F,GLow Manganese 1.00 % max or lessG10080 1008 0.10 max 0.300.50 0.040 0.050G10100 1010 0.080.13 0.300.60 0.040
17、0.050G10120 1012 0.100.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.050G10150 1015 0.130.18 0.300.60 0.040 0.050G10160 1016 0.130.18 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10170 1017 0.150.20 0.300.60 0.040 0.050G10180 1018 0.150.20 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10190 1019 0.150.20 0.701.00 0.040 0.050G10200 1020 0.180.23 0.300.60 0.040 0.050G10210 1
18、021 0.180.23 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10220 1022 0.180.23 0.701.00 0.040 0.050G10230 1023 0.200.25 0.300.60 0.040 0.050G10250 1025 0.220.28 0.300.60 0.040 0.050G10260 1026 0.220.28 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10290 1029 0.250.31 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10300 1030 0.280.34 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10350 1035 0.320.38
19、0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10370 1037 0.320.38 0.701.00 0.040 0.050G10380 1038 0.350.42 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10390 1039 0.370.44 0.701.00 0.040 0.050G10400 1040 0.370.44 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10420 1042 0.400.47 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10430 1043 0.400.47 0.701.00 0.040 0.050G10440 1044 0.430.50 0.300.60 0.04
20、0 0.050G10450 1045 0.430.50 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10460 1046 0.430.50 0.701.00 0.040 0.050G10490 1049 0.460.53 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10500 1050 0.480.55 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10530 1053 0.480.55 0.701.00 0.040 0.050G10550 1055 0.500.60 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10600 1060 0.550.65 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10700
21、 1070 0.650.75 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10780 1078 0.720.85 0.300.60 0.040 0.050G10800 1080 0.750.88 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10840 1084 0.800.93 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10900 1090 0.850.98 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10950 1095 0.901.03 0.300.50 0.040 0.050G15130 1513 0.100.16 1.101.40 0.040 0.050G15180 1518 0.150.2
22、1 1.101.40 0.040 0.050G15220 1522 0.180.24 1.101.40 0.040 0.050G15240 1524 0.190.25 1.351.65 0.040 0.050G15250 1525 0.230.29 0.801.10 0.040 0.050G15260 1526 0.220.29 1.101.40 0.040 0.050G15270 1527 0.220.29 1.201.50 0.040 0.050G15360 1536 0.300.37 1.201.50 0.040 0.050G15410 1541 0.360.44 1.351.65 0.
23、040 0.050G15470 1547 0.430.51 1.351.65 0.040 0.050G15480 1548 0.440.52 1.101.40 0.040 0.050G15510 1551 0.450.56 0.851.15 0.040 0.050G15520 1552 0.470.55 1.201.50 0.040 0.050G15610 1561 0.550.65 0.751.05 0.040 0.050G15660 1566 0.600.71 0.851.15 0.040 0.050G15720 1572 0.650.76 1.001.30 0.040 0.050Resu
24、lfurized Carbon SteelsC,E,GG11090 1109 0.080.13 0.600.90 0.040 0.080.13G11100 1110 0.080.13 0.300.60 0.040 0.080.13G11160 1116 0.140.20 1.101.40 0.040 0.160.23G11170 1117 0.140.20 1.001.30 0.040 0.080.13G11180 1118 0.140.20 1.301.60 0.040 0.080.13G11190 1119 0.140.20 1.001.30 0.040 0.240.33G11320 11
25、32 0.270.34 1.351.65 0.040 0.080.13G11370 1137 0.320.39 1.351.65 0.040 0.080.13G11390 1139 0.350.43 1.351.65 0.040 0.130.20G11400 1140 0.370.44 0.701.00 0.040 0.080.13G11410 1141 0.370.45 1.351.65 0.040 0.080.13G11440 1144 0.400.48 1.351.65 0.040 0.240.33G11450 1145 0.420.49 0.701.00 0.040 0.040.07A
26、576 90b (2012)24.2.2 If killed steel is specified, the purchaser may designatethat the steel be made to coarse or fine austenitic grain size (seeS10 or S11).NOTE 2Assured coarse grain size is not always possible since certainelements or combination of elements or certain quantities of elements sucha
27、s manganese, sulfur, and lead tend to produce grain refinement.4.3 QualityThe bars shall be special quality.4.4 Hot FormingThe bars shall be hot wrought, aswrought.5. Chemical Composition5.1 The heat analysis shall conform to the requirements forchemical composition specified in Table 1 for the grad
28、especified, or to such other limits as may be specified using theranges and limits in Table 2.6. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance6.1 DescalingWhen descaled bars are required, S15 onPickling or S16 on Blast Cleaning must be specified.6.2 The bars shall be free of visible pipe and conditioned asnec
29、essary to remove injurious surface imperfections.7. Certification and Test Reports7.1 When specified by the purchaser, a manufacturerscertification that the material was manufactured and tested inaccordance with this specification together with a report of theheat analysis test results for the speci
30、fied elements and forcopper, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, and co-lumbium shall be furnished. When the amount of an elementpresent is less than 0.02 %, the analysis may be reported as0.02 %. The report shall include the name of the manufac-turer, ASTM designation number and year date and r
31、evisionletter, if any, type and grade, heat number, and size.7.2 When supplementary requirements are specified, thereport shall include a statement of compliance with therequirement or the results of tests when the requirementinvolves measured test values such as S12 on RestrictedIncidental Elements
32、.8. General Requirements8.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the applicable requirements of the current edition ofSpecification A29/A29M, unless otherwise provided herein.9. Keywords9.1 carbon steel bars; hot-wrought steel bars; steel barsTABLE 1 ContinuedUNS Designation
33、AGrade Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits, %Carbon Manganese Phosphorus, max Sulfur, maxBG11460 1146 0.420.49 0.701.00 0.040 0.080.13G11510 1151 0.480.55 0.701.00 0.040 0.080.13Rephosphorized and Resulfurized Carbon SteelE,G,HDesignation Grade Carbon Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur LeadG12110 1211 0.13 max
34、 0.600.90 0.070.12 0.100.15 .G12120 1212 0.13 max 0.701.00 0.070.12 0.160.23 .G12130 1213 0.13 max 0.701.00 0.070.12 0.240.33 .G12150 1215 0.09 max 0.751.05 0.040.09 0.260.35 . 12L14 0.15 max 0.851.15 0.040.09 0.260.35 0.150.35ANew designations established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAE J
35、1086.BMaximum unless otherwise indicated.CWhen silicon is required, the following ranges and limits are commonly specified: 0.10 %, max, 0.10 to 0.20 %, 0.15 to 0.35 %, or 0.20 to 0.40 %.DCopper can be specified when required as 0.20 % minimum.EWhen lead is required as an added element to a standard
36、 steel, a range of 0.15 to 0.35 % incl is specified. Such a steel is identified by inserting the letter “L” betweenthe second and third numerals of the grade designation, for example, 10 L 45. A cast or heat analysis is not determinable when lead is added to the ladle stream.FWhen boron treatment is
37、 specified for killed steels, the steels can be expected to contain 0.0005 to 0.003 % boron.GThe elements bismuth, calcium, selenium, or tellurium may be added as agreed between purchaser and supplier.HIt is not common practice to produce these steels to specified limits for silicon because of its a
38、dverse effect on machinability.A576 90b (2012)3SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply when specified by thepurchaser.S1. Cold-Working QualityS1.1 This classification encompasses bars subject to severecold plastic deformation such as, but not lim
39、ited to, upsetting,heading, forging, forward or backward extrusion.S1.2 If the type of steel or chemical composition does nothave adequate cold working characteristics, appropriate ther-mal treatments should be specified.S1.3 When S1 is specified, the bars shall be produced bymanufacturing practices
40、 and subjected to mill tests and inspec-tion and freedom from injurious surface imperfections to theextent that the bars shall be suitable for the manufacture ofidentified parts. The quality requirements of individual appli-cation vary.S2. Axle-Shaft QualityS2.1 Bars shall be suitable for use in the
41、 manufacture ofpower-driven axle shafts of the automotive or truck type.S3. Scrapless Nut QualityS3.1 Bars shall be suitable for the production of scraplessnuts from round bars involving cold plastic deformation,TABLE 2 Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits of Hot-Wrought Carbon Steel BarsElementChemical
42、Ranges and Limits, %When Maximum of SpecifiedElement is: Range Lowest MaximumCarbonA. . 0.06to 0.12 incl . .over 0.120.25 incl 0.05 .over 0.250.40 incl 0.06 .over 0.400.55 incl 0.07 .over 0.550.80 incl 0.10 .over 0.80 0.13 .Manganese . . 0.35to 0.40 incl 0.15 .over 0.400.50 incl 0.20 .over 0.501.65
43、incl 0.30 .Phosphorus to 0.040 inclover 0.0400.08 inclover 0.080.13 incl.0.030.050.040.Sulfur to 0.050 incl . . . 0.050over 0.0500.09 incl 0.03 .over 0.090.15 incl 0.05 .over 0.150.23 incl 0.07 .over 0.230.50 incl 0.09 .SiliconB. . 0.10to 0.10 incl . .over 0.100.15 incl 0.08 .over 0.150.20 incl 0.10
44、 .over 0.200.30 incl 0.15 .over 0.300.60 incl 0.20 .Copper When copper is required 0.20 min isgenerally specifiedLeadC,DWhen lead is required, a range of0.150.35 is specifiedBoron 0.0005minBismuthECalciumESeleniumETelluriumEAThe carbon ranges shown in the column headed “Range” apply when the specifi
45、ed maximum limit for manganese does not exceed 1.10 %. When the maximummanganese limit exceeds 1.10 %, add 0.01 to the carbon ranges shown above.BIt is not common practice to produce a rephosphorized and resulfurized carbon steel to specified limits for silicon because of its adverse effect on machi
46、nability.CA heat analysis for lead is not determinable, since lead is added to the ladle stream while each ingot is poured.DIt is not common practice to produce these steels to specified limits for silicon because of its adverse effect on machinability.EElement specification range as agreed to betwe
47、en purchaser and supplier.A576 90b (2012)4namely piercing, upsetting, and forming, with consequentexpansion in diameter.S4. Special Surface QualityS4.1 Special surface steels are produced with exactingcontrol and appropriate inspection and surface preparation tominimize the frequency and degree of s
48、eams and other surfaceimperfections.S5. AnnealingS5.1 The steel shall be furnished annealed.S6. Spheroidize AnnealingS6.1 The steel shall be spheroidize annealed.S7. Special Internal Soundness RequirementS7.1 The steel shall be produced with special internalsoundness, that is, relative freedom from
49、segregation andporosity, as evaluated by means of a macroetch test performedon representative billet samples. The test shall consist of deepetching a cross section in a hot-acid solution and with a visualexamination to evaluate soundness. An alternative methodconsisting of fracturing a billet section and examining thefracture surface to evaluate soundness may be used withpurchaser appro
