1、Designation: A577/A577M 17Standard Specification forUltrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of Steel Plates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A577/A577M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers an ultrasonic angle-beamprocedure and acceptance standards for the detection of inter-nal discon
3、tinuities not laminar in nature and of surface imper-fections in a steel plate. This specification is intended for useonly as a supplement to specifications which provide straight-beam ultrasonic examination.NOTE 1An internal discontinuity that is laminar in nature is onewhose principal plane is par
4、allel to the principal plane of the plate.1.2 Individuals performing examinations in accordance withthis specification shall be qualified and certified in accordancewith the requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNT-TC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard. An equivalentstandard is one which co
5、vers the qualification and certificationof ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates and whichis acceptable to the purchaser.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values st
6、ated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principl
7、es on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E317 Practice for Evaluating Perfor
8、mance Characteristics ofUltrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systemswithout the Use of Electronic Measurement InstrumentsE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsE2491 Guide for Evaluating Performance Characteristics ofPhased-Array Ultrasonic Testing Instruments and Systems2.2 ASNT
9、Standards:4SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to nonde-structive examinations used in this specification, refer toTerminology E1316.4. Ordering Information4.1 The inquir
10、y and order shall indicate any additions to theprovisions of this specification as prescribed in 12.1.5. Examination Conditions5.1 The examination shall be conducted in an area free ofoperations that interfere with proper performance of theexamination.5.2 The surface of the plate shall be conditione
11、d as neces-sary to provide a clear, easily interpreted A-scan on the screenof the ultrasonic instrument. Any specified identification whichis removed to achieve proper surface smoothness shall berestored.6. Apparatus6.1 Ultrasonic Instruments:6.1.1 The ultrasonic instrument shall be a pulse echo typ
12、einstrument capable of addressing either a mono-element probe1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.11 on Steel Plates for Boilers and Pressure Vessels.Current edition approve
13、d Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originallyapproved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A577/A577M 90 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/A0577_A0577M-17.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-cation SA-577/SA-577M in Section II of that Code.3For referenc
14、ed ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available fromAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Bo
15、x28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accor
16、dance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1or a phased-array probe and shal
17、l be equipped with a standard-ized dB gain or attenuation control stepped in increments of 1dB minimum. The system shall be capable of generating anddisplaying A-scans.6.2 Vertical and horizontal linearity and amplitude controllinearity shall be checked in accordance with Practice E317,Guide E2491,
18、or another procedure approved by the users ofthis specification. An acceptable linearity performance may beagreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser.6.3 The search unit shall be a 45-deg (in steel) angle-beamtype with active transducer length and width dimensions of aminimum of12 in. 12.5 mm and
19、 a maximum of 1 in. 25mm. When phased-array systems are used, focal laws using anequivalent active aperture shall be used. Search units of othersizes and angles may be used for additional exploration andevaluation.7. Examination Frequency7.1 A nominal test frequency of 5 MHz is recommended.Thickness
20、, grain size, or microstructure of the material andnature of the equipment or method may permit a higher orrequire a lower examination frequency. The ultrasonic fre-quency selected for the examination shall permit detection ofthe required calibration notch, such that the amplitude of theindication y
21、ields a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 3:1.8. Calibration Reflector8.1 A calibration notch, the geometry of which has beenagreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer, with adepth of 3 % of the plate thickness, shall be used to calibratethe ultrasonic examination. The notch shall be at least
22、 1 in. 25mm long.8.2 Machine the notch or notches on the surface of the plateso that they are perpendicular to the long axis at a distance of2 in. 50 mm or more from the short edge of the plate. Locatethe notch not less than 2 in. 50 mm from the long edges of theplate.8.3 When the notch cannot be ma
23、chined in the plate to betested, it may be placed in a calibration plate of ultrasonicallysimilar material. The calibration plate will be consideredultrasonically similar if the height of the first back reflection ofa straight-beam through its thickness is within 25 % of thatthrough the plate to be
24、tested at the same instrument calibra-tion. The calibration plate thickness shall be within 1 in. 25mm of the thickness of plates to be tested, for plates of 2 in.50 mm thickness and greater and within 10 % of plates whosethickness is less than 2 in. 50 mm.8.4 For plate thicknesses greater than 2 in
25、. 50 mm,machine a second calibration notch as described in 8.2 or 8.3,as applicable, on the opposite side of the plate.9. Calibration Procedure9.1 Plate 2 in. 50 mm and Under in Thickness:9.1.1 Place the search unit on the notched surface of theplate with the sound beam directed at the broad side of
26、 thenotch and maximize the response from the first vee-pathindication. Adjust the instrument gain so that this reflectionamplitude is at least 50 but not more than 80 % of full screenheight. Record the location and amplitude of this indication onthe screen.9.1.2 Move the search unit away from the no
27、tch until thesecond vee-path indication is obtained. Maximize the responseand record the indication amplitude. Draw a line between thepeaks from the two successive notch indications on the screen.This line is the distance amplitude correction (DAC) curve forthis material and shall be a 100 % referen
28、ce line for reportingindication amplitudes. Alternatively the second vee-path indi-cation may be set to equalize its amplitude to the first vee-pathsignal using time-corrected gain.9.2 Plate Over 2 to 6 in. 50 to 150 mm Inclusive inThickness:9.2.1 Place the search unit on the test surface aimed at t
29、hebroad side of the notch on the opposite surface of the plate.Maximize the one-half vee-path indication amplitude. Adjustthe instrument gain so that this amplitude is at least 50 % butnot more than 80 % of full screen height. Record the locationand amplitude on the screen. Without adjusting the ins
30、trumentsettings, repeat this procedure for the 112 vee-path indication.9.2.2 Without adjusting the instrument settings, maximizethe full vee-path indication from the notch on the test surface.Record the location and amplitude on the screen.9.2.3 Draw a line on the screen connecting the pointsestabli
31、shed in 9.2.1 and 9.2.2. This curve shall be a DAC curvefor reporting indication amplitudes. Alternatively the vee-pathindication and12 vee-path indication may be set to equalize theamplitudes to the one-half vee-path signal using time-correctedgain.9.3 Plate Over 6 in. 150 mm in Thickness:9.3.1 Pla
32、ce the search unit on the test surface aimed at thebroad side of the notch on the opposite surface of the plate.Maximize the one-half vee-path indication amplitude. Adjustthe instrument gain so that this amplitude is at least 50 % butnot more than 80 % of full screen height. Record the locationand a
33、mplitude on the screen.9.3.2 Without adjusting the instrument settings, repositionthe search unit to obtain a maximum full vee-path indicationfrom the notch on the test surface. Record the location andamplitude on the screen.9.3.3 Draw a line on the screen connecting the pointsestablished in 9.3.1 a
34、nd 9.3.2. This line shall be a DAC curvefor reporting indication amplitudes. Alternatively the vee-pathindication may be set to equalize the amplitude to the one-halfveepath signal using time-corrected gain.10. Examination Procedure10.1 Scan one major surface of the plate on grid linesperpendicular
35、and parallel to the major rolling direction. Gridlines shall be on 9-in. 225-mm centers. Use a suitablecouplant such as water, oil, or glycerin. Scan by placing thesearch unit near one edge with the ultrasonic beam directedtoward the same edge and move the search unit along the gridline in a directi
36、on perpendicular to the edge to a location twoplate thicknesses beyond the plate center. Repeat this scanningprocedure on all grid lines from each of the four edges.A577/A577M 17210.2 Measure grid lines from the center or one corner of theplate.10.3 Position the search unit to obtain a maximum indic
37、a-tion amplitude from each observed discontinuity.10.4 For each discontinuity indication that equals or ex-ceeds the 100 % reference line, record the location and length,and the amplitude to the nearest 25 %. No indication withamplitude less than the 100 % reference shall be recorded.10.5 At each re
38、corded discontinuity location, conduct a100 % examination of the volume under a 9-in. 225-mmsquare which has the recorded discontinuity position at itscenter. Conduct the examination in directions perpendicularand parallel to the major rolling direction.11. Acceptance Standard11.1 Any discontinuity
39、indication that equals or exceeds the100 % reference shall be considered unacceptable unless addi-tional exploration by the longitudinal method indicates it islaminar in nature.12. Report12.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaserand manufacturer, the manufacturer shall report the follow
40、ingdata:12.1.1 Plate identity including pin-pointed recordable indi-cation locations, lengths, and amplitudes.12.1.2 Examination parameters, including: couplant; searchunit type, angle, frequency, and size; instrument make, model,and serial number; and calibration plate description.12.1.3 Date of ex
41、amination and name of operator.13. Inspection13.1 The purchasers representative shall have access, at alltimes while work on the contract of the purchaser is beingperformed, to all parts of the manufacturers works thatconcern the ultrasonic examination of the material ordered.The manufacturer shall
42、afford the representative all reasonablefacilities to satisfy him that the material is being furnished inaccordance with this specification. All examinations and veri-fications shall be conducted so as not to interfere unnecessarilywith the manufacturers operations.14. Rehearing14.1 The manufacturer
43、 reserves the right to discuss unac-ceptable ultrasonically examined plate with the purchaser withthe object of possible repair of the ultrasonically indicateddiscontinuity before rejection of the plate.15. Marking15.1 Plates accepted in accordance with this specificationshall be identified by metal
44、 stamping or stenciling “UT A577”in one corner of the plate, at a location within 6 in. 150 mmof the heat number.16. Keywords16.1 angle beams; steel plates; ultrasonic examinationSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A57
45、7/A577M 90 (2012) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Nov. 1, 2017.)(1) Added Section 3, Terminology, and renumbered subsequentsections accordingly.(2) Revised Section 6, Apparatus, and simplified calibration byusing reference specification(3) Revised Sections 7, 8, 9, and 10.(4) Add
46、ed Section 16, Keywords.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringe
47、ment of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard o
48、r for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views k
49、nown to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 2
