1、Designation: A608/A608M 06 (Reapproved 2012) A608/A608M 12Standard Specification forCentrifugally Cast Iron-Chromium-Nickel High-Alloy Tubingfor Pressure Application at High Temperatures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A608/A608M; the number immediately following the designation
2、indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers iron-chromi
3、um-nickel, high-alloy tubes made by the centrifugal casting process intended for useunder pressure at high temperatures.1.2 The grades of high alloys detailed in Table 1 are intended for applications requiring strength and resistance to corrosion andscaling at high temperatures.1.3 Optional Suppleme
4、ntary Requirements S1 to S11 are provided; these call for additional tests to be made if desired.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact
5、equivalents; therefore, each system must be usedindependently of each other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A342/A342M Test Methods for Permeability of Feebly Magnetic MaterialsA488/A488M Practice f
6、or Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and PersonnelA999/A999M Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel PipeE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic MaterialsE94 Guide fo
7、r Radiographic ExaminationE139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic MaterialsE142 Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic Testing (Withdrawn 2000)3E151 Recommended Practice for Tension Tests of Metallic Materials at Elevated Temperatures with
8、Rapid Heating andConventional or Rapid Strain Rates (Withdrawn 1984)3E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryE340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material to this specification should include the following, as required, t
9、o describe the desired materialadequately:3.1.1 Quantity (feet, centimetres, or number of lengths),3.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast tubing),3.1.3 Specification number and grade (Table 1),3.1.4 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum wall thickness, see Section 8).3.1.5 Condition (see
10、Section 9, as cast or as cast with machining on outside or inside surfaces, or machined; see 5.1, 8, and 9),3.1.6 Length (specific or random), (Permissible Variations in Length Section of Specification A999/A999M),3.1.7 End finish (Ends Section of Specification A999/A999M),1 This specification is un
11、der the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18on Castings.Current edition approved March 1, 2012Sept. 1, 2012. Published April 2012October 2012. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approve
12、d in 20062012 asA608/A608M 06.A608/A608M 06 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/A0608_A0608M-06R12.10.1520/A0608_A0608M-12.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the st
13、andards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous vers
14、ion. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes sect
15、ion appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.8 Optional requirements (see 8.2.3 regarding the manufacturers wall thickness allowance for as cast tubing andSupplementary Requirements S1 to
16、S11),3.1.9 Test report required (see Section 13), and3.1.10 Special requirements to be added to the specification.4. General Requirements4.1 Material furnished under this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of the current edition ofSpecification A999/A999M, unless otherwise pr
17、ovided herein.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The tubing may be supplied in the as cast condition or as cast with machining on the outside or inside surfaces, or machined,as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.5.2 Heat treatment of the tubing shall not be required under this speci
18、fication.6. Chemical Requirements6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition as prescribed in Table 1.7. Tensile Properties7.1 Tension tests at room temperature are not recommended as acceptance criteria under this specification since the alloys areintended for elev
19、ated-temperature service, and room-temperature tests do not have a dependable relationship to elevated-temperature properties. (Where the design of the tubing is based on an assumption of certain minimum creep-rupture properties,one of the supplementary requirements of this specification may be stip
20、ulated on the order to ascertain the ability of the materialto meet the design properties.)8. Permissible Variation in Dimensions8.1 Machined Tubing (Tubing Machined on Inside and Outside):8.1.1 The tolerances given in Specification A999/A999M shall govern, except that the wall thickness shall not v
21、ary over thespecified minimum wall thickness by more than 10 % or 116 in. 1.6 mm, whichever is greater. There shall be no variation underthe specified minimum wall thickness.8.2 As-Cast Tubing (No Machining or Machined on Inside or Outside):8.2.1 Outside Diameter (For Tubes Ordered to Outside Diamet
22、er):8.2.1.1 Tubes machined on the outside shall meet the requirements of Specification A999/A999M.8.2.1.2 Tubes not machined on the outside shall meet the permissible variations of Table 2.8.2.2 Inside Diameter (For Tubes Ordered to Inside Diameter):8.2.2.1 Tubes machined on the inside shall meet th
23、e requirements of Specification A999/A999M.8.2.2.2 Tubes not machined on the inside shall have permissible variations as agreed upon by the purchaser and themanufacturer.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsGrade Composition, %Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Phosphorus Sulfur Molybdenum NiobiumHC30
24、 0.250.35 0.51.0 0.502.00 2630 4.0 max 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max HD50 0.450.55 1.50 max 0.502.00 2630 47 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max HE35 0.300.40 1.50 max 0.502.00 2630 811 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max HF30 0.250.35 1.50 max 0.502.00 1923 912 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max HH30 0.250.35 1.50 max 0.502.00
25、 2428 1114 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max HH33A 0.280.38 1.50 max 0.502.00 2426 1214 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max HI35 0.300.40 1.50 max 0.502.00 2630 1418 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max HK30 0.250.35 1.50 max 0.502.00 2327 1922 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max HK40 0.350.45 1.50 max 0.502.00 2327 1922 0.04 max 0.0
26、4 max 0.50 max HL30 0.250.35 1.50 max 0.502.00 2832 1822 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max HL40 0.350.45 1.50 max 0.502.00 2832 1822 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max HN40 0.350.45 1.50 max 0.502.00 1923 2327 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max HPNb 0.380.45 0.501.50 0.501.50 2427 3437 0.03 0.03 0.50 0.51.5HPNbS 0.380.45
27、0.501.50 1.50-2.50 2427 3437 0.03 0.03 0.50 0.51.5HT50 0.400.60 1.50 max 0.502.00 1519 3337 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max HU50 0.400.60 1.50 max 0.502.00 1721 3741 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max HW50 0.400.60 1.50 max 0.502.00 1014 5862 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max HX50 0.400.60 1.50 max 0.502.00 1519 6468 0
28、.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max A Manufacturing control should ensure that this composition contain a minimal amount of ferrite. See Supplementary Requirement S5.A608/A608M 1228.2.3 Wall ThicknessThe wall thickness shall not exceed the calculated minimum as cast wall thickness by more than thelimits shown
29、 in Table 3. The calculated minimum wall thickness shall be equal to the specified minimum wall thickness plus themanufacturers allowance for “inside surface feed metal” and outside surface roughness. Upon request, the manufacturersallowance shall be furnished to the purchaser. There shall be no var
30、iation under the calculated minimum as cast wall thickness.For tubes over 24 up to and including 54 in. 600 to 1350 mm in diameter the “permissible variations over specified minimumas cast wall thickness” shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser.8.2.4 LengthIf definite lengths are
31、ordered, no length of tubing shall be under the length specified and not longer than thetolerance shown in Table 4.9. Finish9.1 Machined TubingAll tubes shall be reasonably straight and free of rejectable indications. All visual irregularities shall beexplored for depths. When the depth encroaches o
32、n the specified minimum wall thickness, such irregularities shall be consideredrejectable indications.9.2 As-Cast Tubing:9.2.1 The outside surface shall be adequately cleaned (such as by shotblasting, sandblasting, wire brushing, grinding, ormachining). The metal surface so revealed shall be visuall
33、y inspected and shall be free of linear discontinuities or otherimperfections that encroach on the specified minimum wall of the tube.9.2.2 Various degrees of surface roughness occur on unmachined tubing. If a specific surface finish is required, it shall be amatter of agreement between the manufact
34、urer and the purchaser.9.3 Surface Irregularities Not Classified as RejectableVisual surface defects that have been explored and that do not encroachon the minimum sound wall thickness shall be blended either by machining or grinding the surface into the surrounding unaffectedsurface area of the tub
35、ing.9.4 Repair by WeldingRepair of injurious defects by welding shall be permitted and major weld repairs shall be permitted onlysubject to the approval of the purchaser. Weld repairs shall be considered major if the depth of the cavity prepared for weldingexceeds 20 % of the required minimum wall t
36、hickness or if the total surface area exceeds 10 in.2 65 cm2. Defects shall becompletely removed before welding. If defects are linear, complete removal shall be checked by liquid penetrant inspection(Practice E165). Only qualified operators and procedures in accordance with Practice A488/A488M shal
37、l be used. All weld repairsshall be subjected to the same inspection standard as the tubing.10. Pressure Test10.1 All tubing shall be subjected to an internal air pressure of at least 75 psi 515 kPa for at least 1 min either while submergedin clear water or with the entire outer surface coated with
38、sulfur-free soap suds at the discretion of the manufacturer. In the usableportion of the tube, leaks are not permitted. If the Hydrostatic Test, Supplementary Requirement S6, is invoked, the exact detailsof the test and testing procedure shall be clearly defined and made a part of the Ordering Infor
39、mation (3.1.8).10.2 Leaks may be repaired by welding only if such repair is approved by the purchaser.TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in As-Cast Outside DiameterSpecified Outside Diameter of TubingPermissible Plus or MinusVariations from SpecifiedOutside Diameterin. mm in. mmFrom 2 to 4 50 to 100 0.0
40、8 2.0Over 4 to 12 100 to 300 0.10 2.5Over 12 to 24 300 to 600 0.12 3.0Over 24 to 36 600 to 900 0.16 4.1Over 36 to 54 900 to 1350 0.25 6.4TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in As-Cast Wall ThicknessSpecified Outside Diameter of TubingPermissible Variations overCalculated Minimum As-Cast Wall Thicknessin.
41、 mm in. mmFrom 2 to 6 50 to 150 0.08 2.0Over 6 to 12 150 to 300 0.10 2.5Over 12 to 24 300 to 600 0.13 3.3A608/A608M 12311. Flattening Test11.1 Flattening tests are not required since material covered by this specification is not intended to be bent, flanged, or otherwiseformed.12. Mechanical Tests R
42、equired12.1 Air Pressure TestEach length of tubing shall be subjected to the pressure test described in Section 10.13. Certification13.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order, a manufacturers certification that the material was manufacturedand tested in accordance with this specific
43、ation together with a report of the test results shall be furnished at the time of shipment.14. Product Marking14.1 In addition to the marking prescribed in Specification A999/A999M, the marking shall include the length, an additionalsymbol “S” if the tubing conforms to the supplementary requirement
44、s specified in Supplementary Requirements S1 to S11, andthe heat number or manufacturers number by which the tube can be identified, and, when as cast (see 8.2), the notation “ASCAST.”15. Keywords15.1 alloy; centrifugal casting; high temperatures; pressure containing parts; steel tube; temperature s
45、ervice applicationsSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the following supplementary requirements may become a part of the specificationwhen specified on the inquiry or invitation to bid, and purchase order or contract.S1. Product AnalysisS1.1 Product analysis may be made on any length of tubing.
46、 Individual lengths failing to conform to the chemical requirementsshall be rejected. For product analysis the outside surface of the tube shall be ground clean before sampling and a sample takenfrom this area by drilling. If drillings are taken, the drill should penetrate at least to the mid point
47、of the tube wall, but the inner18 in. 3 mm of the tube wall shall not be included in the sample unless the tube has been bored.S2. Short-Time, High-Temperature Tension TestS2.1 Short-time, high-temperature tension tests shall be made from a longitudinal or transverse section cut from the end of thet
48、ubing representing each heat or lot as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.S2.2 The test specimen shall conform to the dimensions shown in Fig. 7 or 9 of Test Methods E8, or as described in PracticeE151. The specimen gage diameter shall not encroach on the zone of feed metal when
49、cut from an as-cast tube.S2.3 The specimen shall be subjected to a short-time tension test at a temperature of 1400 F 760 C, 1600 F 870 C, 1800F 980 C, or 2000 F 1095 C, as selected by the purchaser. During the test the temperature range shall be maintained within6 10 F 5.5 C at the selected temperature. If the temperature is not specified by the purchaser, the test shall be conducted at1600 F 870 C. Processing by heat treatment to improve t
