1、Designation: A660/A660M 11Standard Specification forCentrifugally Cast Carbon Steel Pipe for High-TemperatureService1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A660/A660M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers carbon steel pipe made by thecentrifugal casting process intended for use in high
3、-temperature, high-pressure service. Pipe ordered under thisspecification shall be suitable for fusion welding, bending, andother forming operations.1.2 Several grades of carbon steels are covered. Theircompositions are given in Table 1.1.3 Supplementary requirements (S1 to S9) of an optionalnature
4、are provided. The supplementary requirements call foradditional tests to be made, and when desired shall be so statedin the order, together with the number of such tests required.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, t
5、heSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of each other. Combining values fromthe two systems may result in nonconformance with thespecification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A530/A530M S
6、pecification for General Requirements forSpecialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeE94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE114 Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-BeamContact TestingE125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indica-tions on Ferrous CastingsE142 Method for Controlling Quali
7、ty of Radiographic Test-ingE186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-in. (50.8 to 114-mm) Steel CastingsE381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,Blooms, and ForgingsE446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.(50.8 mm) in Thickness2.2 ANSI Standards:B36.10 Americ
8、an Standard for Welded and SeamlessWrought Steel Pipe4B46.1 Surface Texture42.3 MSS Standards:SP-54 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,Flanges, and Fittings and Other Piping Components -Radiographic Examination Method53. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specificatio
9、n shouldinclude the following, as required, to describe the desiredmaterial adequately:3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),3.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast pipe),3.1.3 Grade (Table 1),3.1.4 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum wallthickness),1This specification is u
10、nder the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A660 96 (20
11、10).DOI: 10.1520/A0660_A0660M-11.2For ASME Boiler and Vessel Code applications see related SpecificationSA-660 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume
12、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 1
13、27 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsComposition, max,%Grade WCA Grade WCB Grade WCCCarbon 0.25A0.30 0.25BManganese 0.70A1.00 1.20BPhosphorus 0.035 0.035 0.035Sulfur 0.035 0.035 0.035Silicon 0.60 0.60 0.60AFor each reduction of 0.01 % below the specifie
14、d maximum carbon content, anincrease of 0.04 % manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted upto a maximum of 1.10 %.BFor each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified maximum carbon content, anincrease of 0.04 % manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted toa maximum of 1.40 %
15、.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.5 Length (specific or random), (Permissible Variationsin Length Section of Specification A530/A530M),3.1.6 End fin
16、ish (Ends Section of Specification A530/A530M),3.1.7 Optional Requirements (Sections 7.2, 8.2, 8.3, 11.1,Section 12 and S1 to S9 (Supplementary Requirements),3.1.8 Test report required (Certification Section of Specifi-cation A530/A530M),3.1.9 Specification designation, and3.1.10 Special requirement
17、s.4. General Requirements4.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the applicable requirements of the current edition ofSpecification A530/A530M unless otherwise provided herein.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Machining:5.1.1 All centrifugally cast pipe shall have both the in
18、nerand outer surfaces machined.5.1.2 After heat treatment, the pipe shall be machined to afinish with a roughness value no greater than 250 in. 6.35m arithmetical average deviation (AA), terms as defined inANSI B46.1 unless otherwise specified.5.2 Heat Treatment:5.2.1 All pipe shall receive a heat t
19、reatment proper for itsdesign and chemical composition.5.2.2 Castings shall be heat treated after they have beenallowed to cool below the transformation range.6. Temperature Control6.1 Furnace temperatures for heat treating shall be effec-tively controlled by pyrometers.7. Chemical Requirements7.1 T
20、he steel shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1.7.2 Product Analysis:7.2.1 At the request of the purchaser, a product analysisshall be made by the manufacturer on every heat.7.2.2 The results of these analyses shall be reported to thepurchaser or his repres
21、entative, and shall conform to therequirements specified in Table 1.7.2.3 If the analysis of one of the tests specified in 7.2.1does not conform to the requirements specified, an analysis ofeach pipe from the same heat may be made, and all pipesconforming to the requirements shall be accepted.8. Mec
22、hanical Requirements8.1 Tensile Properties:8.1.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as totensile properties prescribed in Table 2.8.1.2 Transverse or Longitudinal Tension TestOne testshall be made on a specimen from one end of one length ofpipe representing each heat in each heat-treatme
23、nt lot.8.2 Flattening Test:8.2.1 Aflattening test shall be performed when requested bythe purchaser or when stated by the purchaser on the order thatthe pipe is to be upset, swaged, expanded, bent, or formed bysome other operation.8.2.2 A flattening test need not be performed on heavy wallpipe which
24、 is not to be upset, swaged, expanded, bent, orformed in some other manner.8.2.3 When required by 8.2, a test shall be made onspecimens cut from one end of each length of pipe.8.2.4 A flattening test when required shall be performed inaccordance with the requirements for seamless and centrifu-gally
25、cast pipe in the Flattening Test Requirements Section ofSpecification A530/A530M.NOTE 1In heavy-walled small-diameter tubing the flattening testspecimen may be bored out so that the OD/t ratio will be greater than 11.0.8.3 Hydrostatic Test:8.3.1 Each length of pipe shall be hydrostatically tested in
26、accordance with the Hydrostatic Test Requirements Section ofSpecification A530/A530M when requested by the purchaserand stated on the order. If performance of the hydrostatic testis not required by the purchaser, the manufacturer shallguarantee pipe to pass the test and mark each length of pipewith
27、the letters “NH” immediately following the specificationnumber, indicating that the pipe has not been hydrostaticallytested.8.3.2 When required by 8.3, each length of pipe shall besubjected to the hydrostatic test. The test pressure shall bemaintained for not less than 5 min.9. Permissible Variation
28、 in Wall Thickness9.1 The wall thickness shall not vary over the specifiedminimum wall thickness by more than 10 %. There shall be novariation under the specified minimum wall thickness.NOTE 2A system of standard pipe sizes has been approved by theAmerican National Standards Institute, as ANSI B36.1
29、0. This system maybe used for obtaining pipe under this specification.10. Workmanship and Finish10.1 The pipe shall have a finish as provided in 5.2 and itshall be reasonably straight and free from injurious defects.11. Rework and Retreatment11.1 ImperfectionsThe surface of the casting shall beinspe
30、cted visually for cracks and hot tears. These imperfectionsshall be removed, and their removal verified by visual inspec-tion of the resultant cavities. Imperfections located by inspect-ing with Supplementary Requirements S7, S8, or S9 shall beremoved or reduced to an acceptable size.TABLE 2 Tensile
31、 RequirementsWCA WCB WCCksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPaTensile strength, min 60 415 70 485 70 485Yield strength, min 30 210 36 250 40 275Elongation in 2 in. or 50mm, min, %24 22 22Reduction of area, min,%35 35 35A660/A660M 11211.2 BlendingIf removal of the imperfection does notinfringe upon the minimum wall
32、 thickness, the depression maybe blended uniformly into the surrounding surface.11.3 Repair by WeldingImperfections that infringe uponthe minimum wall thickness may be repaired by weldingsubject to approval by the purchaser. Only qualified operatorsand procedures in accordance with ASME Boiler and P
33、ressureVessel Code, Section IX, shall be used. All weld repairs shallbe inspected to the same quality standards used to inspect thepipe.11.4 Reheat TreatmentLocal or full heat treatment inaccordance with 5.2 shall follow welding. Local grindingfollowing welding and retreating shall be considered as
34、meet-ing the requirements of 5.1.12. Product Marking12.1 In addition to the marking prescribed in SpecificationA530/A530M, the marking shall include the wall thickness,piece mark, length and additional symbol “S” if the pipeconforms to one or more of the supplementary requirementsspecified in S1 to
35、S9, and the heat number or manufacturersnumber by which the heat can be identified. Identificationstamping instead of stenciling will be permitted only with thewritten approval of the purchaser.12.2 Bar CodingIn addition to the requirements in 12.1,bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental identifi
36、cationmethod. The purchaser may specifiy in the order a specific barcoding system to be used.SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in thepurchase order. The purchaser may specify a different frequency of test or analysis tha
37、n is providedin the supplementary requirement. Subject to agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer,retest and retreatment provisions of these supplementary requirements may also be modified.S1. Product AnalysisS1.1 Product analysis shall be made on each length of pipe.Individual lengths fail
38、ing to conform to the chemical compo-sition requirements shall be rejected.S2. Additional Tension TestsS2.1 An additional tension test shall be made on a specimenfrom one or each end of each pipe. If this supplementaryrequirement is specified, the number of tests per pipe requiredshall be specified.
39、 If a specimen from any length fails to meetthe required tensile properties (tensile, yield, and elongation),that length shall be rejected subject to retreatment in accor-dance with Specification A530/A530M and satisfactory retest.S3. Additional Flattening TestsS3.1 The flattening test of Specificat
40、ion A530/A530M shallbe made on a specimen from one end or both ends of each pipe.Crop ends may be used. If this supplementary requirement isspecified, the number of tests per pipe shall also be specified.If a specimen from any length fails because of lack of ductilityprior to satisfactory completion
41、 of the first step of the flatteningtest requirement that pipe shall be rejected subject to retreat-ment in accordance with Specification A530/A530M andsatisfactory retest. If a specimen from any length of pipe failsbecause of a lack of soundness that length shall be rejected,unless subsequent retes
42、ting indicates that the remaining lengthis sound.S4. Metal Structure and Etching TestsS4.1 The steel shall be homogeneous as shown by etchingtests conducted in accordance with the appropriate portions ofMethod E381. Etching tests shall be made on a cross sectionfrom one end or both ends of each pipe
43、 and shall show soundand reasonably uniform material free from injurious lamina-tions, cracks, and similar objectionable defects. If this supple-mentary requirement is specified, the number of tests per piperequired shall also be specified. If a specimen from any lengthshows objectionable defects, t
44、he length shall be rejected,subject to removal of the defective end and subsequent retestsindicating the remainder of the length to be sound andreasonably uniform material.S5. PhotomicrographsS5.1 The manufacturer shall furnish one photomicrographat 100 diameters from a specimen of pipe in the as-fi
45、nishedcondition representing each heat in each heat-treatment lot.Such photomicrographs shall be suitably identified as to pipesize, wall thickness, and heat. No photomicrographs for theindividual pieces purchased shall be required except as speci-fied in Supplementary Requirement S6. Such photomicr
46、o-graphs are for information only, to show the actual metalstructure of the pipe as furnished.S6. Photographs for Individual PiecesS6.1 In addition to the photomicrographs required in accor-dance with Supplementary Requirement S5, the purchaser mayspecify that photomicrographs shall be furnished fro
47、m one orboth ends of each pipe. All photomicrographs required shall beproperly identified as to heat number, size, and wall thicknessof pipe from which the section was taken. Photomicrographsshall be further identified to permit association of each photo-micrograph with the individual length of pipe
48、 it represents.S7. Radiographic InspectionS7.1 The pipe shall be examined for internal defects bymeans of X rays or gamma rays. The inspection procedure shallbe in accordance with Practice E94 or Method E142 and thetypes and severity levels of discontinuities considered shall bejudged by Reference R
49、adiographs E446, or Reference Radio-graphs E186. The extent of examination and the basis forA660/A660M 113acceptance shall be subject to agreement between the manu-facturer and the purchaser. A specification which may be usedas a basis for such agreement is “Quality Standard for SteelCastings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other PipingComponents (Radiographic Inspection Method SP-54)” of theManufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fit-tings Industry.S8. Ultrasonic TestsS8.1 Each pipe shall be ultrasonically tested to determine itssoundnes
