1、Designation: A660 96 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Specification forCentrifugally Cast Carbon Steel Pipe for High-TemperatureService1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A660; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification2covers carbon steel pipe made by thecentrifugal casting process intended for use in
3、 high-temperature, high-pressure service. Pipe ordered under thisspecification shall be suitable for fusion welding, bending, andother forming operations.1.2 Several grades of carbon steels are covered. Theircompositions are given in Table 1.1.3 Supplementary requirements (S1 to S9) of an optionalna
4、ture are provided. The supplementary requirements call foradditional tests to be made, and when desired shall be so statedin the order, together with the number of such tests required.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standard
5、s:3A530/A530M Specification for General Requirements forSpecialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeE94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE114 Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam Ex-amination by the Contact MethodE125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indica-tions on Ferrous Castin
6、gsE142 Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic Test-ingE186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-in. (50.8 to 114-mm) Steel CastingsE381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,Blooms, and ForgingsE446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.(50.8 mm) in Thickn
7、ess2.2 ANSI Standards:B36.10 American Standard for Welded and SeamlessWrought Steel Pipe4B46.1 Surface Texture42.3 MSS Standards:SP-54 Quality Standard for Steel CastingsRadiographicInspection Method53. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following,
8、 as required, to describe the desiredmaterial adequately:3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),3.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast pipe),3.1.3 Grade (Table 1),3.1.4 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum wallthickness),3.1.5 Length (specific or random), (Permissible Variat
9、ionsin Length Section of Specification A530/A530M),3.1.6 End finish (Ends Section of Specification A530/A530M),3.1.7 Optional Requirements (Sections 7.2, 8.2, 8.3, 11.1,Section 12 and S1 to S9 (Supplementary Requirements),1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,S
10、tainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A660 96 (2005).DOI: 10.1520/A0660-96R10.2For ASME Boiler and Vessel C
11、ode applications see related SpecificationSA-660 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onth
12、e ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.TABLE 1
13、 Chemical RequirementsComposition, max,%Grade WCA Grade WCB Grade WCCCarbon 0.25A0.30 0.25BManganese 0.70A1.00 1.20BPhosphorus 0.035 0.035 0.035Sulfur 0.035 0.035 0.035Silicon 0.60 0.60 0.60AFor each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified maximum carbon content, anincrease of 0.04 % manganese above
14、 the specified maximum will be permitted upto a maximum of 1.10 %.BFor each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified maximum carbon content, anincrease of 0.04 % manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted toa maximum of 1.40 %.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
15、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.8 Test report required (Certification Section of Specifi-cation A530/A530M),3.1.9 Specification designation, and3.1.10 Special requirements.4. General Requirements4.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the applicabl
16、e requirements of the current edition ofSpecification A530/A530M unless otherwise provided herein.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Machining:5.1.1 All centrifugally cast pipe shall have both the innerand outer surfaces machined.5.1.2 After heat treatment, the pipe shall be machined to afinish with a
17、roughness value no greater than 250 in. (6.35m) arithmetical average deviation (AA), terms as defined inANSI B46.1 unless otherwise specified.5.2 Heat Treatment:5.2.1 All pipe shall receive a heat treatment proper for itsdesign and chemical composition.5.2.2 Castings shall be heat treated after they
18、 have beenallowed to cool below the transformation range.6. Temperature Control6.1 Furnace temperatures for heat treating shall be effec-tively controlled by pyrometers.7. Chemical Requirements7.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1.7.2 Product
19、 Analysis:7.2.1 At the request of the purchaser, a product analysisshall be made by the manufacturer on every heat.7.2.2 The results of these analyses shall be reported to thepurchaser or his representative, and shall conform to therequirements specified in Table 1.7.2.3 If the analysis of one of th
20、e tests specified in 7.2.1does not conform to the requirements specified, an analysis ofeach pipe from the same heat may be made, and all pipesconforming to the requirements shall be accepted.8. Mechanical Requirements8.1 Tensile Properties:8.1.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as tot
21、ensile properties prescribed in Table 2.8.1.2 Transverse or Longitudinal Tension TestOne testshall be made on a specimen from one end of one length ofpipe representing each heat in each heat-treatment lot.8.2 Flattening Test:8.2.1 Aflattening test shall be performed when requested bythe purchaser or
22、 when stated by the purchaser on the order thatthe pipe is to be upset, swaged, expanded, bent, or formed bysome other operation.8.2.2 A flattening test need not be performed on heavy wallpipe which is not to be upset, swaged, expanded, bent, orformed in some other manner.8.2.3 When required by 8.2,
23、 a test shall be made onspecimens cut from one end of each length of pipe.8.2.4 A flattening test when required shall be performed inaccordance with the requirements for seamless and centrifu-gally cast pipe in the Flattening Test Requirements Section ofSpecification A530/A530M.NOTE 1In heavy-walled
24、 small-diameter tubing the flattening testspecimen may be bored out so that the OD/t ratio will be greater than 11.0.8.3 Hydrostatic Test:8.3.1 Each length of pipe shall be hydrostatically tested inaccordance with the Hydrostatic Test Requirements Section ofSpecification A530/A530M when requested by
25、 the purchaserand stated on the order. If performance of the hydrostatic testis not required by the purchaser, the manufacturer shallguarantee pipe to pass the test and mark each length of pipewith the letters “NH” immediately following the specificationnumber, indicating that the pipe has not been
26、hydrostaticallytested.8.3.2 When required by 8.3, each length of pipe shall besubjected to the hydrostatic test. The test pressure shall bemaintained for not less than 5 min.9. Permissible Variation in Wall Thickness9.1 The wall thickness shall not vary over the specifiedminimum wall thickness by mo
27、re than 10 %. There shall be novariation under the specified minimum wall thickness.NOTE 2A system of standard pipe sizes has been approved by theAmerican National Standards Institute, as ANSI B36.10. This system maybe used for obtaining pipe under this specification.10. Workmanship and Finish10.1 T
28、he pipe shall have a finish as provided in 5.2 and itshall be reasonably straight and free from injurious defects.11. Rework and Retreatment11.1 ImperfectionsThe surface of the casting shall beinspected visually for cracks and hot tears. These imperfectionsshall be removed, and their removal verifie
29、d by visual inspec-tion of the resultant cavities. Imperfections located by inspect-ing with Supplementary Requirements S7, S8, or S9 shall beremoved or reduced to an acceptable size.11.2 BlendingIf removal of the imperfection does notinfringe upon the minimum wall thickness, the depression maybe bl
30、ended uniformly into the surrounding surface.11.3 Repair by WeldingImperfections that infringe uponthe minimum wall thickness may be repaired by weldingsubject to approval by the purchaser. Only qualified operatorsTABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsWCA WCB WCCksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPaTensile strength, min 60
31、 414 70 483 70 483Yield strength, min 30 207 36 248 40 276Elongation in 2 in. or 50mm, min, %24 22 22Reduction of area, min,%35 35 35A660 96 (2010)2and procedures in accordance with ASME Boiler and PressureVessel Code, Section IX, shall be used. All weld repairs shallbe inspected to the same quality
32、 standards used to inspect thepipe.11.4 Reheat TreatmentLocal or full heat treatment inaccordance with 5.2 shall follow welding. Local grindingfollowing welding and retreating shall be considered as meet-ing the requirements of 5.1.12. Product Marking12.1 In addition to the marking prescribed in Spe
33、cificationA530/A530M, the marking shall include the wall thickness,piece mark, length and additional symbol “S” if the pipeconforms to one or more of the supplementary requirementsspecified in S1 to S9, and the heat number or manufacturersnumber by which the heat can be identified. Identificationsta
34、mping instead of stenciling will be permitted only with thewritten approval of the purchaser.12.2 Bar CodingIn addition to the requirements in 12.1,bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental identificationmethod. The purchaser may specifiy in the order a specific barcoding system to be used.SUPPLEME
35、NTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in thepurchase order. The purchaser may specify a different frequency of test or analysis than is providedin the supplementary requirement. Subject to agreement between the purchaser and manufac
36、turer,retest and retreatment provisions of these supplementary requirements may also be modified.S1. Product AnalysisS1.1 Product analysis shall be made on each length of pipe.Individual lengths failing to conform to the chemical compo-sition requirements shall be rejected.S2. Additional Tension Tes
37、tsS2.1 An additional tension test shall be made on a specimenfrom one or each end of each pipe. If this supplementaryrequirement is specified, the number of tests per pipe requiredshall be specified. If a specimen from any length fails to meetthe required tensile properties (tensile, yield, and elon
38、gation),that length shall be rejected subject to retreatment in accor-dance with Specification A530/A530M and satisfactory retest.S3. Additional Flattening TestsS3.1 The flattening test of Specification A530/A530M shallbe made on a specimen from one end or both ends of each pipe.Crop ends may be use
39、d. If this supplementary requirement isspecified, the number of tests per pipe shall also be specified.If a specimen from any length fails because of lack of ductilityprior to satisfactory completion of the first step of the flatteningtest requirement that pipe shall be rejected subject to retreat-m
40、ent in accordance with Specification A530/A530M andsatisfactory retest. If a specimen from any length of pipe failsbecause of a lack of soundness that length shall be rejected,unless subsequent retesting indicates that the remaining lengthis sound.S4. Metal Structure and Etching TestsS4.1 The steel
41、shall be homogeneous as shown by etchingtests conducted in accordance with the appropriate portions ofMethod E381. Etching tests shall be made on a cross sectionfrom one end or both ends of each pipe and shall show soundand reasonably uniform material free from injurious lamina-tions, cracks, and si
42、milar objectionable defects. If this supple-mentary requirement is specified, the number of tests per piperequired shall also be specified. If a specimen from any lengthshows objectionable defects, the length shall be rejected,subject to removal of the defective end and subsequent retestsindicating
43、the remainder of the length to be sound andreasonably uniform material.S5. PhotomicrographsS5.1 The manufacturer shall furnish one photomicrographat 100 diameters from a specimen of pipe in the as-finishedcondition representing each heat in each heat-treatment lot.Such photomicrographs shall be suit
44、ably identified as to pipesize, wall thickness, and heat. No photomicrographs for theindividual pieces purchased shall be required except as speci-fied in Supplementary Requirement S6. Such photomicro-graphs are for information only, to show the actual metalstructure of the pipe as furnished.S6. Pho
45、tographs for Individual PiecesS6.1 In addition to the photomicrographs required in accor-dance with Supplementary Requirement S5, the purchaser mayspecify that photomicrographs shall be furnished from one orboth ends of each pipe. All photomicrographs required shall beproperly identified as to heat
46、number, size, and wall thicknessof pipe from which the section was taken. Photomicrographsshall be further identified to permit association of each photo-micrograph with the individual length of pipe it represents.S7. Radiographic InspectionS7.1 The pipe shall be examined for internal defects bymean
47、s of X rays or gamma rays. The inspection procedure shallbe in accordance with Practice E94 or Method E142 and thetypes and severity levels of discontinuities considered shall bejudged by Reference Radiographs E446, or Reference Radio-graphs E186. The extent of examination and the basis foracceptanc
48、e shall be subject to agreement between the manu-facturer and the purchaser. A specification which may be usedas a basis for such agreement is “Quality Standard for SteelCastings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other PipingA660 96 (2010)3Components (Radiographic Inspection Method SP-54)” of the
49、Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fit-tings Industry.S8. Ultrasonic TestsS8.1 Each pipe shall be ultrasonically tested to determine itssoundness throughout the entire length of the pipe. Evidence ofthe existence of defects in excess of 5 % of the wall thicknessshall be cause for rejection or repair.S8.2 The ultrasonic test shall be made in accordance withPractice E114, or by any other established method mutuallyagreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.S9. Magnetic Particle or Fluid Penetrant ExaminationS9.1 Each pipe along o
