1、Designation: A 691 98 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Pipe, Electric-Fusion-Welded forHigh-Pressure Service at High Temperatures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 691; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification2covers carbon and alloy steel pipe,electric-fus
3、ion-welded with filler metal added, fabricated frompressure-vessel-quality plate of several analyses and strengthlevels and suitable for high-pressure service at high tempera-tures. Heat treatment may or may not be required to attain thedesired mechanical properties or to comply with applicablecode
4、requirements. Supplementary requirements are providedfor use when additional testing or examination is desired.1.2 The specification nominally covers pipe 16 in. (405mm) in outside diameter and larger with wall thicknesses up to3 in. (75 mm) inclusive. Pipe having other dimensions may befurnished pr
5、ovided it complies with all other requirements ofthis specification.1.3 Several grades and classes of pipe are provided.1.3.1 Grade designates the type of plate used as listed inTable 1.1.3.2 Class designates the type of heat treatment performedin the manufacture of the pipe, whether the weld is rad
6、io-graphically examined, and whether the pipe has been pressuretested as listed in 1.3.3.1.3.3 Class designations are as follows (Note 1):Class Heat Treatment on PipeRadiography,see SectionPressure Test,see Section10 none none none11 none 9 none12 none 9 8.313 none none 8.320 stress relieved, see 5.
7、3.1 none none21 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 9 none22 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 9 8.323 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 none 8.330 normalized, see 5.3.2 none none31 normalized, see 5.3.2 9 none32 normalized, see 5.3.2 9 8.333 normalized, see 5.3.2 none 8.340 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 none none41
8、normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 9 noneClass Heat Treatment on PipeRadiography,see SectionPressure Test,see Section42 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 9 8.343 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 none 8.350 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 none none51 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 9 none52 quen
9、ched and tempered, see 5.3.4 9 8.353 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 none 8.3NOTE 1Selection of materials should be made with attention totemperature of service. For such guidance, Specification A 20/A 20M maybe consulted.1.4 Optional requirements of a supplementary nature areprovided, calling for
10、additional tests and control of repairwelding, when desired.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:A 20/A 20M Specification for General Requirements forSteel Plates for Pressure Vessels3A 204/A 204M Specification for Pres
11、sure Vessel Plates,Alloy Steel, Molybdenum3A 299/A 299M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates,Carbon Steel, Manganese-Silicon3A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel Products4A 387/A 387M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates,Alloy Steel, Chromium-Molybdenum3A 435/A 4
12、35M Specification for Straight-Beam UltrasonicExamination of Steel Plates3A 530/A 530M Specification for General Requirements forSpecialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe5A 537/A 537M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates,Heat-Treated, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel3E 165 Test Method for Liquid Pen
13、etrant Examination6E 709 Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination61This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved June 1
14、0, 1998. Published October 1998. Originallypublished as A 691 74. Last previous edition A 691 96.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-cation SA-691 in Section II of that Code.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.04.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.5A
15、nnual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:7Section II, Material SpecificationsSection III, Nuclear Power
16、 Plant ComponentsSection VIII, Unfired Pressure VesselsSection IX, Welding Qualifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 A lot shall consist of 200 ft (61 m) or fraction thereofof pipe from the same heat of steel.3.1.1.1 The description of a lot may be further
17、restricted byuse of Supplementary Requirement S12.4. Ordering Information4.1 The inquiry and order for material under this specifica-tion should include the following information:4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),4.1.2 Name of the material (steel pipe, electric-fusion-welded),4.1.3
18、 Specification number,4.1.4 Grade and class designations (see 1.3),4.1.5 Size (inside or outside diameter, nominal or minimumwall thickness),4.1.6 Length (specific or random),4.1.7 End finish,4.1.8 Purchase options, if any (see 5.2.3, 11.3, 11.4, 13.1),and4.1.9 Supplementary requirements, if any (re
19、fer to S1through S12).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 MaterialsThe steel plate material shall conform to therequirements of the applicable plate specification for the pipegrade ordered as listed in Table 1.5.2 Welding:5.2.1 The joints shall be double-welded full-penetrationwelds made in accordance w
20、ith procedures and by welders orwelding operators qualified in accordance with the ASMEBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX.5.2.2 The welds shall be made either manually or automati-cally by an electric process involving the deposition of fillermetal.5.2.3 The welded joints shall have positiv
21、e reinforcement atthe center of each side of the weld, but no more than18 in. (3.2mm). This reinforcement may be removed at the manufactur-ers option or by agreement between the manufacturer andpurchaser. The contour of the reinforcement shall be smooth,and the deposited metal shall be fused smoothl
22、y and uniformlyinto the plate surface.5.2.4 When radiographic examination in accordance with9.1 is to be used, the weld reinforcement shall be governed bythe more restrictive provisions of UW-51 of Section VIII of theASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code instead of 5.2.3 of thisspecification.5.3 Heat
23、 TreatmentAll classes other than 10, 11, 12, and13 shall be heat treated in a furnace controlled to 6 25F(14C) and equipped with a recording pyrometer so thatheating records are available. Heat treating after forming andwelding shall be to one of the following:5.3.1 Classes 20, 21, 22, and 23 pipe s
24、hall be uniformlyheated within the post-weld heat-treatment temperature rangeindicated in Table 2 for a minimum of 1 h/in. of thickness or for1 h, whichever is greater.5.3.2 Classes 30, 31, 32, and 33 pipe shall be uniformlyheated to a temperature in the austenitizing range and notexceeding the maxi
25、mum normalizing temperature indicated inTable 2 and subsequently cooled in air at room temperature.5.3.3 Classes 40, 41, 42, and 43 pipe shall be normalized inaccordance with 5.3.2. After normalizing, the pipe shall bereheated to the tempering temperature indicated in Table 2 as aminimum and held at
26、 temperature for a minimum of12 h/in. ofthickness or for12 h, whichever is greater, and air cooled.5.3.4 Classes 50, 51, 52, and 53 pipe shall be uniformlyheated to a temperature in the austenitizing range, and notexceeding the maximum quenching temperature indicated inTable 2 and subsequently quenc
27、hed in water or oil. Afterquenching, the pipe shall be reheated to the tempering tem-perature indicated in Table 2 as a minimum and held at thattemperature for a minimum of12 h/in. of thickness or for12 h,whichever is greater, and air cooled.7Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (
28、ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.TABLE 1 Plate MaterialsPipe Grade Type of SteelASTM Specification HB, maxANumber GradeCM-65 carbon-molybdenum steel A 204/A 204M A 201CM-70 carbon-molybdenum steel A 204/A B 201CM-75 carbon-molybdenum steel A 204/A 204M
29、C 201CMSH-70 carbon-manganese-silicon steel, normalized A 537/A 537M 1CMS-75 carbon-manganese-silicon steel A 299/A 299M . . . . . .CMSH-80 carbon-manganese-silicon steel, quenched and tempered A 537/A 537M 212 CR12 % chromium,12 % molybdenum steel A 387/A 387M 2 2011CR 1 % chromium,12 % molybdenum
30、steel A 387/A 387M 12 201114 CR 114 % chromium,12 % molybdenum steel A 387/A 387M 11 201214 CR 214 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A 387/A 387M 22 2013CR 3 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A 387/A 387M 21 2015CR 5 % chromium,12 % molybdenum steel A 387/A 387M 5 2259CR 9 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum s
31、teel A 387/A 387M 9 24191 9 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum, vanadium, columbium A 387/A 387M 91 241AHardness values listed are applicable to S3.A 691 98 (2002)25.4 Grade 91 shall be produced only to classes 4X and 5X.In addition, post-weld heat treatment is required after weldrepair.6. General Requireme
32、nts6.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform tothe applicable requirements of the current edition of Specifi-cation A 530/A 530M, unless otherwise provided herein.7. Chemical Requirements7.1 Product Analysis of PlateThe pipe manufacturer shallmake an analysis of each mill heat of pl
33、ate material. Theproduct analysis so determined shall meet the requirements ofthe plate specification to which the material was ordered.7.2 Product Analysis of WeldThe pipe manufacturer shallmake an analysis of finished deposited weld metal from each200 ft (61 m) or fraction thereof. Analysis shall
34、conform to thewelding procedure for deposited weld metal.7.3 Analysis may be taken from the mechanical test speci-mens. The results of the analyses shall be reported to thepurchaser.7.4 If the analysis of one of these tests specified in 7.1 or 7.2does not conform to the requirements specified, analy
35、ses shallbe made on additional pipes of double the original numberfrom the same lot, each of which shall conform to therequirements specified. Nonconforming pipe shall be rejected.8. Mechanical Requirements8.1 Tension Test:8.1.1 RequirementsTransverse tensile properties of thewelded joint shall meet
36、 the minimum requirements for ultimatetensile strength of the specified plate material.8.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be made torepresent each lot of finished pipe.8.1.3 Test Specimen Location and OrientationThe testspecimen shall be made transverse to the weld at the end of thefinishe
37、d pipe and may be flattened cold before final machiningto size.8.1.4 Test MethodThe test specimen shall be made inaccordance with QW-150 in Section IX of the ASME Boilerand Pressure Vessel Code. The test specimen shall be tested atroom temperature in accordance with Test Methods and Defi-nitions A 3
38、70.8.2 Transverse-Guided-Weld-Bend Tests:8.2.1 RequirementsThe bend test shall be acceptable if nocracks or other defects exceeding18 in. (3.2 mm) in anydirection be present in the weld metal or between the weld andthe pipe metal after bending. Cracks that originate along theedges of the specimens d
39、uring testing, and that are less than14in. (6.3 mm) in any direction shall not be considered.8.2.2 Number of TestsOne test (two specimens) shall bemade to represent each lot of finished pipe.8.2.3 Test Specimen Location and OrientationTwo bendtest specimens shall be taken transverse to the weld at t
40、he endof the finished pipe. As an alternative, by agreement betweenthe purchaser and the manufacturer, the test specimens may betaken from a test plate of the same material as the pipe, the testplate being attached to the end of the cylinder and welded as aprolongation of the pipe longitudinal weld
41、seam.8.2.4 Test MethodBend tests shall be made in accordancewith Test Methods and Definitions A 370, A 2.5.1.7. For wallthicknesses over38 in. (9.5 mm) but less than34 in. (19.0 mm)side-bend tests may be made instead of the face and root-bendtests. For wall thicknesses34 in. and over both specimens
42、shallbe subjected to the side-bend test.8.3 Pressure TestClasses X2 and X3, pipe shall be testedin accordance with Section 20 of Specification A 530/A 530M.9. Radiographic Examination9.1 The full length of each weld of classes X1 and X2 shallbe radiographically examined in accordance with requiremen
43、tsof the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII,Paragraph UW-51.9.2 Radiographic examination may be performed prior toheat treatment.TABLE 2 Heat Treatment ParametersPipe GradeASTMSpecificationPost-Weld Heat-TreatTemperature Range (StressRelieving), F (C)NormalizingTemperature,max unless
44、otherwise noted,F (C)QuenchingTemperature,max unlessotherwise noted,F (C)Tempering Temperature,min, F (C)CM-65 A 204/A 204M 1100 to 1200 (590 to 650) 1700 (925) . . . . . .CM-70 A 204/A 204M 1100 to 1200 (590 to 650) 1700 (925) . . . . . .CM-75 A 204/A 204M 1100 to 1200 (590 to 650) 1700 (925) . . .
45、 . . .CMSH-70 A 537/A 537M 1100 to 1200 (590 to 650) 1700 (925) . . . . . .CMS-75 A 299/A 299M 1100 to 1200 (590 to 650) 1700 (925) . . . . . .CMSH-80 A 537/A 537M 1100 to 1200 (590 to 650)A1700 (925) 1100 to 1250 (590 to 675)12CR A 387/A 387M 1100 to 1300 (590 to 705) 1850 (1010) 1700 (925) 1150 to
46、 1375 (620 to 745)1CR A 387/A 387M 1100 to 1350 (590 to 730) 1850 (1010) 1700 (925) 1150 to 1375 (620 to 745)114CR A 387/A 387M 1100 to 1375 (590 to 745) 1850 (1010) 1700 (925) 1150 to 1375 (620 to 745)214CR A 387/A 387M 1200 to 1400 (650 to 760) 1850 (1010) 1700 (925) 1250 to 1400 (675 to 760)3CR A
47、 387/A 387M 1200 to 1400 (650 to 760) 1850 (1010) 1700 (925) 1250 to 1400 (675 to 760)5CR A 387/A 387M 1200 to 1400 (650 to 760) 1850 (1010) 1650 (900) 1300 to 1400 (705 to 760)9CR A 387/A 387M 1325 to 1375 (715 to 745)B. . . 1325 to 1375 (715 to 745)91 A 387/A 387M 1350 to 1420 (730 to 770) 1900 to
48、 2000 (1040to 1095)1900 min (1040min)1350 to 1440 (730 to 780)ARequires quenching and tempering.B9 CR steel is an air-hardenable steel, at times retaining austenite down to near atmospheric temperature. Good practice is to allow the steel to cool to 150F or lowerbefore subjecting the steel to a temp
49、ering treatment or post-weld heat treatment.A 691 98 (2002)310. Rework10.1 Elimination of Surface ImperfectionsUnacceptablesurface imperfections shall be removed by grinding or machin-ing. The remaining thickness of the section shall be no less thanthe minimum specified in Section 11. The depression aftergrinding or machining shall be blended uniformly into thesurrounding surface.10.2 Repair of Base Metal Defects by Welding:10.2.1 The manufacturer may repair, by welding, base metalwhere defects have been removed, provided the depth
