1、Designation: A 691 98 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Pipe, Electric-Fusion-Welded forHigh-Pressure Service at High Temperatures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 691; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification2covers carbon and alloy steel pipe,electric-fus
3、ion-welded with filler metal added, fabricated frompressure-vessel-quality plate of several analyses and strengthlevels and suitable for high-pressure service at high tempera-tures. Heat treatment may or may not be required to attain thedesired mechanical properties or to comply with applicablecode
4、requirements. Supplementary requirements are providedfor use when additional testing or examination is desired.1.2 The specification nominally covers pipe 16 in. (405mm) in outside diameter and larger with wall thicknesses up to3 in. (75 mm) inclusive. Pipe having other dimensions may befurnished pr
5、ovided it complies with all other requirements ofthis specification.1.3 Several grades and classes of pipe are provided.1.3.1 Grade designates the type of plate used as listed inTable 1.1.3.2 Class designates the type of heat treatment performedin the manufacture of the pipe, whether the weld is rad
6、io-graphically examined, and whether the pipe has been pressuretested as listed in 1.3.3.1.3.3 Class designations are as follows (Note 1):Class Heat Treatment on PipeRadiography,see SectionPressure Test,see Section10 none none none11 none 9 none12 none 98.313 none none 8.320 stress relieved, see 5.3
7、.1 none none21 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 9 none22 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 9 8.323 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 none 8.330 normalized, see 5.3.2 none none31 normalized, see 5.3.2 9 none32 normalized, see 5.3.2 9 8.333 normalized, see 5.3.2 none 8.340 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 none none41 n
8、ormalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 9 noneClass Heat Treatment on PipeRadiography,see SectionPressure Test,see Section42 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 9 8.343 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 none 8.350 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 none none51 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 9 none52 quenc
9、hed and tempered, see 5.3.4 9 8.353 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 none 8.3NOTE 1Selection of materials should be made with attention totemperature of service. For such guidance, SpecificationA 20/A 20M maybe consulted.1.4 Optional requirements of a supplementary nature areprovided, calling for ad
10、ditional tests and control of repairwelding, when desired.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A 20/A 20M Specification for General Requirements forSteel Plates for Pressure VesselsA 204/A 204M Specification for Pressu
11、re Vessel Plates,Alloy Steel, MolybdenumA 299/A 299M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates,Carbon Steel, Manganese-SiliconA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 387/A 387M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates,Alloy Steel, Chromium-MolybdenumA 435/A 435M Sp
12、ecification for Straight-Beam UltrasonicExamination of Steel PlatesA 530/A 530M Specification for General Requirements forSpecialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeA 537/A 537M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates,Heat-Treated, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon SteelE 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Ex
13、aminationE 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Publish
14、ed January 2008. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as A 691 98(2002).2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-cation SA-691 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact A
15、STM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressur
16、e Vessel Code:4Section II, Material SpecificationsSection III, Nuclear Power Plant ComponentsSection VIII, Unfired Pressure VesselsSection IX, Welding Qualifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 A lot shall consist of 200 ft (61 m) or fraction thereofof pipe
17、from the same heat of steel.3.1.1.1 The description of a lot may be further restricted byuse of Supplementary Requirement S12.4. Ordering Information4.1 The inquiry and order for material under this specifica-tion should include the following information:4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of le
18、ngths),4.1.2 Name of the material (steel pipe, electric-fusion-welded),4.1.3 Specification number,4.1.4 Grade and class designations (see 1.3),4.1.5 Size (inside or outside diameter, nominal or minimumwall thickness),4.1.6 Length (specific or random),4.1.7 End finish,4.1.8 Purchase options, if any (
19、see 5.2.3, 11.3, 11.4, 13.1),and4.1.9 Supplementary requirements, if any (refer to S1through S12).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 MaterialsThe steel plate material shall conform to therequirements of the applicable plate specification for the pipegrade ordered as listed in Table 1.5.2 Welding:5.2.1
20、The joints shall be double-welded full-penetrationwelds made in accordance with procedures and by welders orwelding operators qualified in accordance with the ASMEBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX.5.2.2 The welds shall be made either manually or automati-cally by an electric process involv
21、ing the deposition of fillermetal.5.2.3 The welded joints shall have positive reinforcement atthe center of each side of the weld, but no more than18 in. (3.2mm). This reinforcement may be removed at the manufactur-ers option or by agreement between the manufacturer andpurchaser. The contour of the
22、reinforcement shall be smooth,and the deposited metal shall be fused smoothly and uniformlyinto the plate surface.5.2.4 When radiographic examination in accordance with9.1 is to be used, the weld reinforcement shall be governed bythe more restrictive provisions of UW-51 of Section VIII of theASME Bo
23、iler and Pressure Vessel Code instead of 5.2.3 of thisspecification.5.3 Heat TreatmentAll classes other than 10, 11, 12, and13 shall be heat treated in a furnace controlled to 6 25F(14C) and equipped with a recording pyrometer so thatheating records are available. Heat treating after forming andweld
24、ing shall be to one of the following:5.3.1 Classes 20, 21, 22, and 23 pipe shall be uniformlyheated within the post-weld heat-treatment temperature rangeindicated inTable 2 for a minimum of 1 h/in. of thickness or for1 h, whichever is greater.5.3.2 Classes 30, 31, 32, and 33 pipe shall be uniformlyh
25、eated to a temperature in the austenitizing range and notexceeding the maximum normalizing temperature indicated inTable 2 and subsequently cooled in air at room temperature.5.3.3 Classes 40, 41, 42, and 43 pipe shall be normalized inaccordance with 5.3.2. After normalizing, the pipe shall bereheate
26、d to the tempering temperature indicated in Table 2 as aminimum and held at temperature for a minimum of12 h/in. ofthickness or for12 h, whichever is greater, and air cooled.5.3.4 Classes 50, 51, 52, and 53 pipe shall be uniformlyheated to a temperature in the austenitizing range, and notexceeding t
27、he maximum quenching temperature indicated inTable 2 and subsequently quenched in water or oil. Afterquenching, the pipe shall be reheated to the tempering tem-perature indicated in Table 2 as a minimum and held at thattemperature for a minimum of12 h/in. of thickness or for12 h,whichever is greater
28、, and air cooled.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.TABLE 1 Plate MaterialsPipe Grade Type of SteelASTM Specification HB, maxANumber GradeCM-65 carbon-molybdenum steel A 204/A 204M A 201CM-70 carbo
29、n-molybdenum steel A 204/A 204M B 201CM-75 carbon-molybdenum steel A 204/A 204M C 201CMSH-70 carbon-manganese-silicon steel, normalized A 537/A 537M 1CMS-75 carbon-manganese-silicon steel A 299/A 299M . .CMSH-80 carbon-manganese-silicon steel, quenched and tempered A 537/A 537M 212 CR12 % chromium,1
30、2 % molybdenum steel A 387/A 387M 2 2011CR 1 % chromium,12 % molybdenum steel A 387/A 387M 12 201114 CR 114 % chromium,12 % molybdenum steel A 387/A 387M 11 201214 CR 214 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A 387/A 387M 22 2013CR 3 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A 387/A 387M 21 2015CR 5 % chromium,12
31、 % molybdenum steel A 387/A 387M 5 2259CR 9 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A 387/A 387M 9 24191 9 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum, vanadium, columbium A 387/A 387M 91 241AHardness values listed are applicable to S3.A 691 98 (2007)25.4 Grade 91 shall be produced only to classes 4X and 5X.In addition, po
32、st-weld heat treatment is required after weldrepair.6. General Requirements6.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform tothe applicable requirements of the current edition of Specifi-cation A 530/A 530M, unless otherwise provided herein.7. Chemical Requirements7.1 Product Analysis of
33、PlateThe pipe manufacturer shallmake an analysis of each mill heat of plate material. Theproduct analysis so determined shall meet the requirements ofthe plate specification to which the material was ordered.7.2 Product Analysis of WeldThe pipe manufacturer shallmake an analysis of finished deposite
34、d weld metal from each200 ft (61 m) or fraction thereof.Analysis shall conform to thewelding procedure for deposited weld metal.7.3 Analysis may be taken from the mechanical test speci-mens. The results of the analyses shall be reported to thepurchaser.7.4 If the analysis of one of these tests speci
35、fied in 7.1 or 7.2does not conform to the requirements specified, analyses shallbe made on additional pipes of double the original numberfrom the same lot, each of which shall conform to therequirements specified. Nonconforming pipe shall be rejected.8. Mechanical Requirements8.1 Tension Test:8.1.1
36、RequirementsTransverse tensile properties of thewelded joint shall meet the minimum requirements for ultimatetensile strength of the specified plate material.8.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be made torepresent each lot of finished pipe.8.1.3 Test Specimen Location and OrientationThe tes
37、tspecimen shall be made transverse to the weld at the end of thefinished pipe and may be flattened cold before final machiningto size.8.1.4 Test MethodThe test specimen shall be made inaccordance with QW-150 in Section IX of the ASME Boilerand Pressure Vessel Code. The test specimen shall be tested
38、atroom temperature in accordance with Test Methods and Defi-nitions A 370.8.2 Transverse-Guided-Weld-Bend Tests:8.2.1 RequirementsThe bend test shall be acceptable if nocracks or other defects exceeding18 in. (3.2 mm) in anydirection be present in the weld metal or between the weld andthe pipe metal
39、 after bending. Cracks that originate along theedges of the specimens during testing, and that are less than14in. (6.3 mm) in any direction shall not be considered.8.2.2 Number of TestsOne test (two specimens) shall bemade to represent each lot of finished pipe.8.2.3 Test Specimen Location and Orien
40、tationTwo bendtest specimens shall be taken transverse to the weld at the endof the finished pipe. As an alternative, by agreement betweenthe purchaser and the manufacturer, the test specimens may betaken from a test plate of the same material as the pipe, the testplate being attached to the end of
41、the cylinder and welded as aprolongation of the pipe longitudinal weld seam.8.2.4 Test MethodBend tests shall be made in accordancewith Test Methods and Definitions A 370, A 2.5.1.7. For wallthicknesses over38 in. (9.5 mm) but less than34 in. (19.0 mm)side-bend tests may be made instead of the face
42、and root-bendtests. For wall thicknesses34 in. and over both specimens shallbe subjected to the side-bend test.8.3 Pressure TestClasses X2 and X3, pipe shall be testedin accordance with Section 20 of SpecificationA 530/A 530M.9. Radiographic Examination9.1 The full length of each weld of classes X1
43、and X2 shallbe radiographically examined in accordance with requirementsof the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII,Paragraph UW-51.9.2 Radiographic examination may be performed prior toheat treatment.TABLE 2 Heat Treatment ParametersPipe GradeASTMSpecificationPost-Weld Heat-TreatTempe
44、rature Range (StressRelieving), F (C)NormalizingTemperature,max unlessotherwise noted,F (C)QuenchingTemperature,max unlessotherwise noted,F (C)Tempering Temperature,min, F (C)CM-65 A 204/A 204M 1100 to 1200 (590 to 650) 1700 (925) . . . . . .CM-70 A 204/A 204M 1100 to 1200 (590 to 650) 1700 (925) .
45、. . . . .CM-75 A 204/A 204M 1100 to 1200 (590 to 650) 1700 (925) . . . . . .CMSH-70 A 537/A 537M 1100 to 1200 (590 to 650) 1700 (925) . . . . . .CMS-75 A 299/A 299M 1100 to 1200 (590 to 650) 1700 (925) . . . . . .CMSH-80 A 537/A 537M 1100 to 1200 (590 to 650)A1700 (925) 1100 to 1250 (590 to 675)12 C
46、R A 387/A 387M 1100 to 1300 (590 to 705) 1850 (1010) 1700 (925) 1150 to 1375 (620 to 745)1CR A 387/A 387M 1100 to 1350 (590 to 730) 1850 (1010) 1700 (925) 1150 to 1375 (620 to 745)114 CR A 387/A 387M 1100 to 1375 (590 to 745) 1850 (1010) 1700 (925) 1150 to 1375 (620 to 745)214 CR A 387/A 387M 1200 t
47、o 1400 (650 to 760) 1850 (1010) 1700 (925) 1250 to 1400 (675 to 760)3CR A 387/A 387M 1200 to 1400 (650 to 760) 1850 (1010) 1700 (925) 1250 to 1400 (675 to 760)5CR A 387/A 387M 1200 to 1400 (650 to 760) 1850 (1010) 1650 (900) 1300 to 1400 (705 to 760)9CR A 387/A 387M 1325 to 1375 (715 to 745)B. . . 1
48、325 to 1375 (715 to 745)91 A 387/A 387M 1350 to 1420 (730 to 770) 1900 to 2000 (1040to 1095)1900 min (1040min)1350 to 1440 (730 to 780)ARequires quenching and tempering.B9 CR steel is an air-hardenable steel, at times retaining austenite down to near atmospheric temperature. Good practice is to allo
49、w the steel to cool to 150F or lowerbefore subjecting the steel to a tempering treatment or post-weld heat treatment.A 691 98 (2007)310. Rework10.1 Elimination of Surface ImperfectionsUnacceptablesurface imperfections shall be removed by grinding or machin-ing.The remaining thickness of the section shall be no less thanthe minimum specified in Section 11. The depression aftergrinding or machining shall be blended uniformly into thesurrounding surface.10.2 Repair of Base Metal Defects by Welding:10.2.1 The manufacturer may repair, by
