1、Designation: A694/A694M 14Standard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings,Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A694/A694M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearo
2、f original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers forged or rolled steel pipefla
3、nges, forged fittings, valves, and parts suitable for use withhigh-strength transmission-service pipe. Included are flanges,fittings, and similar parts ordered either to dimensions specifiedby the purchaser or to ASME or MSS dimensional standardsreferenced in Section 2.1.2 Several grades of material
4、, based on minimum yieldstrength requirements, are covered, as indicated in Table 1.1.3 Supplementary Requirements are provided. Supplemen-tary Requirement S 1 is provided for use when purchaserapproval is required for repair welding.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in
5、 SI units. However, unless the order specifies theapplicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in
6、 brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed inSpecif
7、ication A961/A961M, the following list of standardsapply to this specification:2.2 ASTM Standards:2A53/A53M Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and SeamlessA106/A106M Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipefor High-Temperature ServiceA381 Specification for M
8、etal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for UseWith High-Pressure Transmission SystemsA707/A707M Specification for Forged Carbon and AlloySteel Flanges for Low-Temperature ServiceA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsA961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements forSteel Flanges, F
9、orged Fittings, Valves, and Parts forPiping Applications2.3 ASME Standards:ASME B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings3ASME B 16.9 Steel Butt-Welding Fittings3ASME B 16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions ofFerrous Valves3ASME B 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding andThreaded3A
10、SME B 16.28 Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Short RadiusElbows3ASME B 16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges32.4 MSS Standards:4MSS SP-44 Standard for Steel Pipe Line FlangesMSS SP-75 Specification for High-Test Welding FittingsMSS SP-95 Swage (d) Nipples and Bull PlugsMSS SP-97 Integrally Reinforced Forged
11、Branch OutletFittings2.5 API Standard:5L Specification for Line Pipe53. Ordering Information3.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Ste
12、el and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last
13、 previous edition approved in 2013 as A694/A694M 13.DOI: 10.1520/A0694_A0694M-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
14、 onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.4Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA
15、22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.5Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2
16、959. United States1the needed material. In addition to the ordering guidelines inSpecification A961/A961M, orders should include the follow-ing information:3.1.1 Additional requirements (see 8.1 and 11.1).4. General Requirements4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform tothe requirem
17、ents of Specification A961/A961M, including anysupplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchaseorder. Failure to comply with the general requirements ofSpecification A961/A961M constitutes nonconformance withthis specification. In case of conflict between the requirementsof this specifi
18、cation and Specification A961/A961M, thisspecification shall prevail.5. Manufacture5.1 Melting Process:5.1.1 The steel shall be made by any of the followingprocesses: open hearth, electric furnace, or basic oxygen. Thesteel shall be fully deoxidized.5.1.2 The steel shall be carbon steel, high-streng
19、th low-alloysteel, or alloy steel, as agreed upon between the manufacturerand purchaser. Analysis of the steel used, including all alloyingelements, shall be reported by the manufacturer to the pur-chaser. The steel shall be suitable for field welding (asestablished by the purchaser) to other fittin
20、gs, valve materialsand flanges, and to pipe manufactured under the followingASTM specifications: Specification A53/A53M, SpecificationA106/A106M, Specification A381, and API Standard 5L pipe,as well as to fittings manufactured under MSS SP-75.5.2 Manufacturing Practice:5.2.1 Material for forgings sh
21、all consist of ingots or blooms,billets, slabs, or bars of forged or rolled form and cut to therequired length by a suitable process.5.2.2 The finished product shall be a forging as defined inthe Terminology section of Specification A788/A788M.5.2.3 Hot working shall be sufficient to develop a wroug
22、htstructure throughout the part.5.2.4 Flanges shall not be machined directly from plate norfrom solid bar stock.5.3 Heat Treatment:5.3.1 All items shall be heat treated. Heat treatment ofcarbon steel and high-strength low-alloy steel may consist ofnormalizing, normalizing-and-tempering, or quenching
23、-and-tempering. Heat treatment of alloy steel may consist ofnormalizing and precipitation heat treatment or quenching andprecipitation heat treatment.5.3.2 The tempering temperature shall be at least 1000 F540 C. The precipitation heat treatment of the alloy steelshall be in the range from 1000 to 1
24、225 F 540 to 665 C.6. Chemical Composition6.1 A chemical heat analysis in accordance with Specifica-tion A961/A961M shall be made and conform to the require-ments as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 2.6.2 High-strength low-alloy steels shall be of specified alloyelement composition, with
25、the elements covered in 6.1 re-stricted within the limits prescribed therein as may be neces-sary to ensure weldability and specified minimum tensileproperties. When high-strength low-alloy steel is furnished,appropriate procedures are required for field welding.6.3 Alloy steel shall conform to the
26、requirements for GradeL 5 of Specification A707/A707M.7. Tensile Requirements7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as totensile properties prescribed in Table 1, when tested in accor-dance with the mechanical testing requirements of Specifica-tion A961/A961M.7.2 The tension test specime
27、n shall be obtained from aproduction forging, or from an integral prolongation represen-tative of the hub location of a flange, or the heaviest crosssection of a fitting, valve, or other part within the scope of thisspecification. Alternatively, the test specimen may be takenfrom a separately forged
28、 test block which has been taken fromthe same heat of steel as the production forgings, and which hasbeen reduced by forging in a manner similar to that for theforgings it represents.7.2.1 The test specimen shall represent all forgings from thesame heat and heat treatment load whose maximum thick-ne
29、sses do not exceed the thickness of the test forging or blankby more than14 in. 6 mm.7.3 The axis of the tension test sample shall be located in thetest forging, or prolongation so as to represent mid-wall of theflange hub, or mid-wall of the thickest cross section of thevalve, fitting, or other par
30、t.7.4 The axis of the tension test specimen shall be orientedparallel to the direction of maximum forging work for fittings,valves, and other parts, except for flanges when the specimenshall be oriented in the tangential direction.7.5 One tension test shall be taken from each heat in eachheat treatm
31、ent load, and shall be representative of the largestflange hub, or valve or fitting wall thickness in the load.TABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsGrade Yield Strength (0.2 %Offset), min, ksi MPaTensile Strength,min, ksi MPaElongation in 2in.or50mm,min %F42 42 290 60 415 20F46 46 315 60 415 20F48 48 330 62
32、425 20F50 50 345 64 440 20F52 52 360 66 455 20F56 56 385 68 470 20F60 60 415 75 515 20F65 65 450 77 530 20F70 70 485 82 565 18TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsComposition, %Heat Analysis Product AnalysisCarbon, max 0.26 0.265Manganese, max 1.60 1.64Phosphorus, max 0.025 0.030Sulfur, max 0.025 0.030Silic
33、on 0.150.35 0.100.40A694/A694M 1427.6 When heat treatment is done either continuous or batchtype furnaces in which the working zones are controlled towithin 6 25 F 6 14 C of the required heat treatmenttemperature, and when the furnace is equipped with function-ing recording pyrometers such that comp
34、lete heat treatmentrecords are available, then one tension test from each heat shallbe required instead of from each heat in each heat treatmentload. However, this provision is limited to forgings with heattreated weights not exceeding 10 000 lb 4540 kg, and the testforging must accompany a producti
35、on charge.8. Surface Finish, Appearance, and Corrosion Protection8.1 The forgings and fittings shall conform to the require-ments of Specification A961/A961M.9. Repair by Welding9.1 Repair by Welding of Injurious DefectsRepair ofinjurious defects shall be permitted at the discretion of themanufactur
36、er in accordance with Specification A961/A961M.9.1.1 Deposited weld metal shall be capable of meeting allmechanical properties upon heat treatment.9.1.2 All forgings to be repaired by welding shall be repairwelded prior to heat treatment.10. Retests10.1 If any of the results of the tension tests of
37、any lot do notconform to the requirements specified, the manufacturer mayreheat treat such lots, but not more than twice, except with theapproval of the purchaser, on the basis of satisfactory metal-lurgical evidence that the cause of failure is curable and thequality of the material is satisfactory
38、.11. Rejection and Rehearing11.1 The purchaser shall comply with the requirements ofSpecification A961/A961M.12. Certification12.1 See Specification A961/A961M.12.2 The test report shall include the following:12.2.1 Chemical analysis results, Section 6 (Table 2).12.2.2 Tensile properties, Section 7
39、(Table 1), report theyield strength and tensile strength, in ksi MPa, elongation andreduction in area, in percent,12.2.3 Type heat treatment, 7.6,12.2.4 Any supplementary testing required by the purchaseorder.13. Product Marking13.1 In addition to marking requirements of SpecificationA961/A961M, the
40、 following additional marking requirementsshall apply:13.1.1 Forgings repaired by welding shall be marked withthe letter “W” following the ASTM designation.13.2 Bar CodingIn addition to the requirements in 13.1and 13.1.1, bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental identi-fication method. The purchas
41、er may specify in the order aspecific bar coding system to be used. The bar coding system,if applied at the discretion of the supplier, should be consistentwith one of the published industry standards for bar coding. Ifused on small parts, the bar code may be applied to the box ora substantially app
42、lied tag.14. Keywords14.1 high strength low alloy steel; pipe fittings, steel; pipingapplications; pressure containing parts; steel flanges; steelforgings, alloy; steel forgings, carbon; steel valvesSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by
43、 the purchaser in theinquiry, contract, and order:S1. Special FlangesS1.1 Flanges shall meet the requirements of MSS SP-44,except the chemical requirements shall conform to Table 2.A694/A694M 143SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification sin
44、ce the last issue,A694/A694M 13, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved October 1, 2014)(1) Revised Section 8 to clarify requirements for surface finish,appearance, and corrosion protection, and moved repair bywelding to its own section for additional clarification.Committee A01 ha
45、s identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,A694/A694M 08, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved October 1, 2013)(1) Revised Sections 12 and 13 on certification and marking.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of
46、 any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to
47、revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Y
48、our comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is co
49、pyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 64
