1、Designation: A700 14Standard Guide forPackaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for SteelProducts for Shipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A700; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This guide covers the packaging, ma
3、rking, and loadingof steel products for shipment. Assuming proper handling intransit, this guide is intended to assist shippers in packagingand loading steel products to arrive at their destination safelyand in good condition. It is also intended that this guide may beused for attaining uniformity,
4、simplicity, sufficiency, andeconomy in the shipment of steel products.1.2 This guide applies to semi-finished steel products, bars,structural shapes and sheet piling, rods, wire and wire products,tubular products, plates, sheets, and strips, tin mill products,and castings.1.3 The values stated in in
5、ch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
6、theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD3950 Specification for
7、Strapping, Nonmetallic (and Join-ing Methods)D3953 Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and SealsD4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD4649 Guide for Selection and Use of Stretch Wrap FilmsD4675 Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Ma-terials1D5728 Pr
8、actices for Securement of Cargo in Intermodal andUnimodal Surface Transport2.2 Other Standards (most current revisions):Uniform Freight Classification Code, Rule 41, Section 93National Motor Freight Classification 100L, Item 222,Section 74ISTA, International Safe Transit Association, Pre-ShipmentTes
9、t Procedure5Association of American Railroads (AAR/TTCI) Closed CarLoading Methods and Open Top Loading Rules6IMO/ILO/UN ECE Guidelines for Packing or Cargo Trans-port Units (CTUs)7Drivers Handbook on Cargo Securement83. General Provisions3.1 MarkingManufacturers and users may follow themarking meth
10、ods for individual steel products so described andillustrated herein. It is the responsibility of the purchaser toprovide the producer with his requirements concerning protec-tive wrapping materials.3.2 PackagingParties responsible for the packaging, load-ing and load securement should be familiar w
11、ith and use thepackaging terminology found in Terminology D996.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.94 on U.S. Government Requirements for Steel Mill and Foundry Products.Current e
12、dition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A700 05 which waswithdrawn January 2014 and reinstated in November 2014. DOI: 10.1520/A0700-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact
13、ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Railroad Freight Classification, Uniform ClassificationCommittee, 222 South Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL 60606.4Avai
14、lable from National Motor Freight Traffic Association, Inc. (NMFTA),1001 N. Fairfax St., Suite 600, Alexandria, VA 22314, http:/www.nmfta.org.5Available from International Safe Transit Association (ISTA), 1400 AbbotRoad, Suite 160, East Lansing, MI 48823-1900, http:/www.itsa.org.6Available from Asso
15、ciation of American Railroads, Transportation TechnologyCenter, Inc. (AAR/TTCI), 55500 DOT Rd., Pueblo, CO 81001, http:/.7Available from International Maritime Organization (IMO), Publishing Service,4 Albert Embankment, London, SE1 7SR, United Kingdom, http:/www.imo.org.8Available from Federal Motor
16、 Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), 1200New Jersey Avenue, SE, Suite W60-300, Washington, DC 20590, http:/www.fmcsa.dot.gov.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
17、States13.2.1 Packaging and Load Securement StandardsShippersshould refer to and comply with the governing standards andregulations applicable to the mode of transportation to be usedfor their specific shipments. These include, but are not limitedto, Practices D5728, Guide D4649, Guide D4675, as well
18、 as,documents referenced in 2.2: Uniform Freight ClassificationCode, Rule 41, Section 9, National Motor Freight Classifica-tion 100L, Item 222, Section 7, Association of AmericanRailroads (AAR/TTCI) Closed Car Loading Methods andOpen Top Loading Rules, IMO/ILO/UN ECE Guidelines forPacking or Cargo T
19、ransport Units (CTUs), and the DriversHandbook on Cargo Securement.3.2.2 Package and Loading Securement MethodsPackaging and load securement methods should be developedand tested according to established protocols such as PracticeD4169 and ISTA, International Safe Transit Association, Pre-Shipment T
20、est Procedure.3.2.3 Packaging Material StandardsShippers and packag-ers of steel products should specify materials that comply withapplicable specifications such as Specification D3950 andD3953.3.2.4 Safety WarningFailure to use proper packagingand load securement methods and materials may result in
21、property damage, serious injury or death. Satisfactory pastexperience with methods and materials in itself is not sufficientto assure safety. In addition to understanding and complyingwith applicable standards, shippers should consult with suppli-ers of packaging and load securement materials to det
22、erminethe best methods.3.3 Package Identification:3.3.1 All marking shall be legible and of a size consistentwith the space available to be marked. All tags shall besecurely affixed to the package to prevent loss in transit. Tagsshall be of a size to show clearly all of the information needed,and sh
23、all be able to withstand reasonable exposure to theelements.3.3.2 Marking Metal SurfacesUnless otherwise specified,metal surfaces shall be marked with either permanent ink orpaint.3.3.3 Marking ContainersAll materials used for markingcontainers shall be resistant to the elements.3.4 Weight and Count
24、When steel products are invoiced onmill scale weights and such weights are checked aftershipment, variations from invoice weights up to 1 % arenormally expected due to differences in the kind, type, andlocation of the scales. When invoiced on weights determinedby a scale at the mill, where there are
25、 large quantities of onesize or thickness, or where the number of pieces in a lift orbundle is needed to be shown on the identification tags andshipping papers, the count is considered approximate and theweight is the more accurate. When steel products are invoicedon theoretical weights, the invoice
26、 weights are based on thenumber of pieces or lineal feet shipped.3.5 Packaging Lists or TallyFurnished as needed. Suchlists are compiled as accurately as practicable, subject toconfirmation by the official shipping notice or invoice.4. Semi-Finished Steel Products4.1 Product Grades:4.1.1 Carbon, all
27、oy, and stainless steel ingots, blooms,billets, and slabs.4.1.2 Carbon steel skelp in coils.4.2 Marking:4.2.1 It is normal practice to stamp or paint the heat numberon each piece shipped loose and to show the heat number on atag attached to each secured lift of smaller size billets. Theordered size
28、and weight may be painted on at least one piece ofeach size when shipped loose or on at least one piece of eachsecured lift. Each skelp coil is tagged or marked with the heatnumber and the size.4.2.2 Color MarkingThere is no generally recognizedcolor code for identification of steel grades. When spe
29、cified,color marking to denote grade is applied. In such cases a dashof color on one end of loose pieces is sufficient. In the case ofsecured lifts of smaller sizes, the grade is shown on a tagattached to the lift or by a dash of one color on one end of thelift.5. Hot-Rolled Bars and Bar-Size Shapes
30、5.1 Product Grades:5.1.1 Carbon, alloy, and stainless steel bars, and bar-sizeshapes.5.1.2 Concrete reinforcing bars.5.2 Marking:5.2.1 Carbon, Alloy, and Stainless Steel Bars, and Bar-SizeShapes:5.2.1.1 It is normal practice to identify each lift or coil witha tag containing the following informatio
31、n:(1) Manufacturers name, brand, or trademark,(2) Size,(3) ASTM designation (year date is not needed),(4) Heat number,(5) Weight (except coils),(6) Purchasers name, and(7) Purchasers order number.5.2.1.2 Die Stamping of Carbon Steel BarsThe ultimateuses of the products do not usually need die stampi
32、ng.Therefore, this method of marking for other than mill identi-fication needs additional labor and handling.5.2.1.3 Die Stamping of Alloy and Stainless Steel BarsWhen specified, heat numbers or symbols are stamped on oneend or on the surface near the end of rounds, squares,hexagons, and octagons 2
33、in. (51 mm) and larger, and on flats2 in. in width or 2 in. or over in thickness.5.2.1.4 The above described marking is practicable onsmaller sizes down to a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) in thicknessand 1 in. in width for flats, and not less than 1 in. in thicknessor diameter for other bars, but because
34、 of its precise nature,such marking delays normal production.5.2.1.5 Stamping of sizes under 1 in. is not practicable.These sizes are secured in lifts and tagged to show heatnumbers or symbols.A700 1425.2.1.6 Color MarkingThere is no standard color code foridentification of steel grades. When markin
35、g of bars withidentification colors is needed, the following practices areregularly employed:(1) Sizes 2 in. (51 mm) and over are marked on one endwith not more than two colors.(2) Sizes 112 in. (38 mm) up to 2 in. (51 mm) are markedon one end with not more than one color.(3) Sizes smaller than 112
36、in. (38 mm) are not markedindividually; but the bundle, lift, or pile (any size bar or flats)is marked on one end with a dab of paint of one color or notmore than two different colored stripes.(4) Bars are regularly painted after assembly into lifts, anddue to the non-uniformity of ends, it is not e
37、xpected that paintwill be on every bar in the lift. Any other paint marking slowsnormal production. Superimposed color marking needs addi-tional labor and time for drying.(5) When the back of the tag is color marked, one or twocolors are used or the names of the colors are given.5.2.2 Concrete Reinf
38、orcing Bars:5.2.2.1 It is normal practice to identify each lift with a tagcontaining the following information:(1) Manufacturers name, brand, or trademark,(2) Size or bar designation number, and(3) Grade and specification.5.2.2.2 Color MarkingWhen specified, a dab of paint, onecolor only for each gr
39、ade, is placed on one end of each lift todistinguish grades. Such marking augments but does notreplace the marking needs contained in the product specifica-tion.6. Cold-Finished Bars6.1 Product GradesCarbon, alloy, and stainless steel bars.6.2 Marking:6.2.1 Carbon, Alloy, and Stainless Steel Bars:6.
40、2.1.1 It is normal practice to identify each lift with a tagcontaining the following information:(1) Manufacturers name, brand, or trademark,(2) Size,(3) ASTM designation (year date is not needed),(4) Heat number,(5) Weight,(6) Purchasers name, and(7) Purchasers order number.6.2.1.2 Die StampingIt i
41、s not regular practice to die-stampcold-finished bars. Therefore, when specified, this method ofmarking retards the normal flow of materials.6.2.1.3 Color MarkingWhen the marking of bars withidentification colors is needed, the following practices areemployed:(1) Sizes 112 in. (38 mm) and over are m
42、arked on one endwith not more than two colors.(2) Sizes smaller than 112 in. are not marked individually,but the bundle, lift, or pile is marked on one end with a dab ofpaint of one color or not more than two different coloredstripes.(3) Any other paint marking slows normal production.(4) Superimpos
43、ed color marking also needs additionallabor and time for drying.(5) When the back of the tag is marked, one or two colorsare used or the names of the colors are spelled out.7. Structural Shapes and Steel Sheet Piling7.1 Product Grades:7.1.1 Carbon, high-strength low-alloy, and stainless steelstructu
44、ral shapes.7.1.2 Steel sheet piling.7.2 Marking:7.2.1 Carbon, High-Strength Low-Alloy, and Stainless SteelStructural Shapes:7.2.1.1 It is normal practice to mark each individual struc-tural shape shipped loose or tag each secured lift with thefollowing information:(1) Manufacturers name, brand, or t
45、rademark,(2) Section designation or size of section,(3) Heat number,(4) Length, and(5) Grade or type (stainless steel).7.2.1.2 Die StampingWhen specified, the heat number isdie-stamped in one location. Die stamping or hot rolling theheat number into structural shapes is not universally practiced.The
46、 standard sizes of steel die-stamps are14 in.,516 in., and38in. (6.4 mm, 7.9 mm, and 9.5 mm). Any additional or differentmarking other than as indicated above or specifying stampingwith steel die-stamps of sizes other than indicated is negotiatedbetween purchaser and manufacturer.7.2.1.3 Color Marki
47、ngOn structural shapes made to cer-tain ASTM specifications, color marking is needed. Eachstructural shape shipped loose is marked with one or two colorstripes. When shipped in secured lifts, the lift is marked with avertical stripe for the full height of the lift. Each piece in the liftshall be mar
48、ked by this stripe.7.2.2 Steel Sheet PilingIt is normal practice to mark eachsteel sheet piling with the following:(1) Manufacturers name, brand, or trademark,(2) Heat number, and(3) Length.7.2.2.1 Additional or different marking may need additionalhandling and complicates the normal marking procedu
49、re.8. Rods, Wire, and Wire Products8.1 The purchaser should give careful consideration tomarking, packaging, and loading needs when ordering.8.2 Product Grades:8.2.1 Hot-rolled rods (all grades).8.2.2 Merchant wire products.8.2.3 Carbon, alloy, and stainless steel wire (in coils).8.2.4 Carbon, alloy, and stainless steel wire (straightenedand cut).8.3 Marking:8.3.1 Hot-Rolled Rods in CoilsIt is normal practice to tageach coil with the following information:8.3.1.1 Manufacturers name, brand, or trademark,8.3.1.2 Grade, product
