1、Designation: A 727/A 727M 02 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Specification forCarbon Steel Forgings for Piping Components with InherentNotch Toughness1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 727/A 727M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification2covers forged carbon steel pipingcomponents intended primar
3、ily for service in pressure pipingsystems from 20 to +650 F 30 to +345 C where inherentnotch toughness is desired, but where notch toughness testingis not required. Included are forged or ring-rolled flanges,forged fittings, and valves made to specified dimensions, or todimensional standards such as
4、 the ASME and API specifica-tions referenced in Section 2.1.2 This specification is limited to forgings with maximumfinished section thicknesses no larger than 2 in. 51 mm.1.3 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to deter-mine whether material meeting the requirements of this speci-ficati
5、on is satisfactory for the service application.1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use whenadditional testing or inspection is desired. These shall applyonly when specified by the purchaser in the order.NOTE 1There are no provisions for impact testing in this specifica-tion. When impact
6、testing is required, refer to Specification A 350/A 350M.1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units. However, unless the order specifies theapplicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.6 The values stated
7、 in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may res
8、ult in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.2. Referenced Documents2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed inSpecification A 961/A 961M, the following list of standardsapply to this specification.2.2 ASTM Standards:3A 350/A 350M Specification for Carbon and Low-AlloySteel Forgings, Req
9、uiring Notch Toughness Testing forPiping ComponentsA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, GeneralRequirementsA 961/A 961M Specification for Common Requirementsfor Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts forPi
10、ping ApplicationsE59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determinationof Chemical Composition42.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes:5Section II, Material Specifications, Part CSFA 5.5 Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding ElectrodesB 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged FittingsB 16.10 Face-to
11、-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Fer-rous ValvesB 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding andThreadedB 16.30 Unfired Pressure Vessel Flange Dimensions2.4 API Standards:6600 Steel Gate Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for Refin-ery Use1This spe
12、cification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for PipingApplications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition
13、 approved March 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originallyapproved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as A 727/A 727M 02.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-727 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM webs
14、ite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Thre
15、e Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.6Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Wash-ington, DC 20005-4070, http:/api-ec.api.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.605 Large
16、Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges2.5 MSS Standard:7MSS SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,Flanges, and Unions3. General Requirements and Ordering Information3.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A 961/A 961M, includingany supplement
17、ary requirements that are indicated in thepurchase order. Failure to comply with the requirements ofSpecification A 961/A 961M constitutes nonconformance withthis specification. In case of a conflict between the require-ments of this specification and Specification A 961/A 961M,this specification sh
18、all prevail.3.2 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order all ordering information necessary to purchasethe needed material. Examples of such information include butare not limited to the following:3.2.1 Additional requirements (see 15.1 and 15.2).4. Materials and Manufactu
19、re4.1 The steel shall be made by one or more of the followingprocesses: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace, andshall be fully killed, fine-grain practice.4.2 Forgings shall be manufactured from ingots, blooms,billets, slabs, or bars. These items shall be forged, rolled, orstrandcast.4.3
20、A sufficient discard shall be made from the ingot tosecure freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation.4.4 The finished product shall be a forging as defined by theTerminology section of Specification A 788/A 788M.5. Heat Treatment5.1 Following plastic working, the forging manufacturershall
21、heat treat the forgings by normalizing, or normalizing andtempering, or quenching and tempering.5.1.1 NormalizingThe procedure for normalizing shallconsist of uniformly heating the forgings to a temperaturebetween 1550 and 1700 F 845 and 925 C, holding asufficient time to attain uniform temperature
22、throughout, andcooling in still air. The forging shall be at a temperature below1000 F 540 C before heating for normalizing.5.1.2 QuenchingThe procedure for quenching shall con-sist of uniformly heating the forging to a temperature between1550 and 1700 F 845 and 925 C, holding a sufficient timeto at
23、tain uniform temperature throughout, and quenching into asuitable liquid medium. The forging shall be at a temperaturebelow 1000 F 540 C before heating for quenching.5.1.3 TemperingThe procedure for tempering shall con-sist of reheating the forging subsequent to normalizing orquenching to a temperat
24、ure of at least 1100 F 595 C, but notabove the lower transformation temperature, for 30 min/in. 30min/25 mm of maximum section thickness, with minimumholding time at tempering temperature not less than 30 min.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as tochemical compos
25、ition prescribed in Table 1.6.2 Steels to which lead has been added shall not be used.7. Mechanical Requirements Mechanical Requirements7.1 Tension Tests:7.1.1 RequirementsThe material shall conform to require-ments for tensile properties prescribed in Table 2.7.1.1.1 The test specimen shall be obta
26、ined from a rough orfinished production forging, or prolongation thereof, or it maybe obtained from separately forged test blanks from the sameheat of steel as the production forging. The test blank shall bereduced by forging in a manner similar to that for the productsrepresented, shall receive app
27、roximately the same hot workingand reduction, be of the same nominal thickness, and receivethe same heat treatment as the finished products represented.The test material shall be treated in the same furnace at thesame time as the forging it represents, subject to the require-ments of 7.1.2.1.7.1.2 N
28、umber of TestsOne tension test at room tempera-ture shall be made for each nominal wall thickness 614 in.6 6 mm from each heat in each heat treatment charge.7.1.2.1 If heat treatment is performed in either a continuousor a batch-type furnace controlled within 6 25 F 6 14 C ofthe required heat-treatm
29、ent temperature, and equipped with7Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElements Composition, %CarbonHeat Analysis 0.25 maxProduct Analysis 0.28 maxManganeseH
30、eat Analysis 0.90 to 1.35Product Analysis 0.84 to 1.41PhosphorusHeat Analysis 0.035 maxProduct Analysis 0.043 maxSulfurHeat Analysis 0.025 maxProduct Analysis 0.033 maxSiliconHeat Analysis 0.15 to 0.30Product Analysis 0.13 to 0.32NickelHeat Analysis 0.40AProduct Analysis 0.43ChromiumHeat Analysis 0.
31、30A,BProduct Analysis 0.34MolybdenumHeat Analysis 0.12A,BProduct Analysis 0.13CopperHeat Analysis 0.40AProduct Analysis 0.43Columbium (Nb)Heat Analysis 0.02Product Analysis 0.03VanadiumHeat Analysis 0.05Product Analysis 0.055AThe sum of copper, nickel, chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed1.00 %
32、on heat analysis.BThe sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 % on heatanalysis.A 727/A 727M 02 (2007)2recording pyrometers so that complete records of heat treat-ment are available and if the same heat treating cycles are usedon the forgings represented by the tension test, then one te
33、nsiontest per nominal wall thickness 614 in. 6 6 mm from eachheat shall be required, instead of one tension test per nominalwall thickness from each heat in each heat-treatment charge.7.1.3 Test Locations and OrientationsThe test specimenshall be removed from the midwall of the heaviest section ofth
34、e forging or test blank.7.1.3.1 The test specimen shall have its longitudinal axislocated parallel to the direction of major working of the forgingor test blank, except for flanges and rings the test specimenshall be in the tangential direction.7.1.4 Test MethodTesting shall be performed in accor-da
35、nce with Test Methods and Definitions A 370 using thelargest feasible of the round specimens. The gage length formeasuring elongation shall be four times the diameter of thetest section.7.2 Hardness Test:7.2.1 RequirementsIf the production forgings are liquid-quenched and tempered, hardness of the f
36、orgings shall notexceed 187 HB after heat treatment. The purchaser may verifythat the requirement has been met by testing at any location onthe forgings provided such testing does not render the forgingsuseless.8. Heat Analysis8.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made fromsamples taken pre
37、ferably during the pouring of the heat. Theresults shall conform to Table 1.9. Product Analysis9.1 A product analysis may be made by the purchaser onsamples taken in accordance with Practice E59. The resultsshall conform to Table 1.10. Hydrostatic Test10.1 Forgings manufactured under this specificat
38、ion shall becapable of passing a hydrostatic test compatible with the ratingof the finished forging. Such tests shall be conducted by theforging manufacturer only when Supplementary RequirementS8 in Specification A 961/A 961M is specified.11. Rework and Retreatment11.1 If the results of mechanical t
39、ests do not conform to therequirements specified, the manufacturer may reheat treat theforgings represented, and shall retest to the applicable require-ments.11.2 Individually tested forgings meeting all requirementsshall be acceptable.12. Repair by Welding12.1 Repair of defects by welding shall be
40、permitted at thediscretion of the forging manufacturer.12.2 Repair by welding shall be made using welding pro-cedures and welders qualified in accordance with Section IX oftheASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. When forgings areheat treated after repair welding, the qualification test platesshall
41、be subjected to the same heat treatment. The mechanicalproperties of the qualification test plates shall conform toSection 7.12.3 Only electrode classifications with the -A1 designatorshall be used (for example, E71T1-A1). SMAW, GMAW,FCAW or GTAW may be used. The GMAW process is limitedto either the
42、 spray transfer or pulsed arc process. The FCAWprocess is limited to repair of carbon or carbon-molybdenumbase materials only. Electrodes shall conform to the applicableAWS A5 electrode specification.12.4 Forgings repair welded in the normalized, normalizedand tempered, or the quenched and tempered
43、conditions shallbe stress-relieved after repair welding at 1100 F 595 Cminimum, but not higher than the temperature previously usedfor tempering the base metal of the same forging, or shall bereheat treated in accordance with Section 5.13. Inspection13.1 All tests and inspections shall be made at th
44、e place ofmanufacture, unless otherwise agreed, except for productanalysis (see 9.1).14. Rejection and Rehearing14.1 Each forging that develops injurious defects duringshop working or application shall be rejected and the manu-facturer notified.15. Certification15.1 For forgings made to specified di
45、mensions, whenagreed to by the purchaser, and for forgings made to dimen-sional standards, application of identification marks as requiredin Section 16 shall be the certification that the forgings havebeen furnished in accordance with the requirements of thisspecification.15.2 When test reports are
46、required, they shall includecertification that all requirements of this specification havebeen met. The reports shall show the results of all requiredtests, the heat number or manufacturers heat identification, adescription of the heat treatment used, and shall be traceable tothe forging represented
47、. The specification designation includedon test reports shall include year of issue and revision letter, ifany.16. Product Marking16.1 Identification marks consisting of the specificationdesignation, manufacturers name or symbol, (Note 2) the heatnumber or manufacturers heat identification, size, an
48、d servicerating, if applicable, shall be permanently placed on eachforging in a position that will not affect the usefulness of theforging. When size does not permit complete marking, identi-fication marks may be omitted in the sequence specified inTABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsTensile strength, ksi M
49、Pa 60.0 to 85.0 415 to 585Yield strength, min, ksi MPaA36.0 250Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 22Reduction of area, min, % 30ADetermined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension-under-load method.A 727/A 727M 02 (2007)3SP-25, except that the word “steel” shall not be substituted forthe specification designation. The specification number markedon the forgings need not include specification year of issue andrevision letter.NOTE 2For purposes of identification marking, the manufacturer isco
