1、Designation: A727/A727M 09Standard Specification forCarbon Steel Forgings for Piping Components with InherentNotch Toughness1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A727/A727M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers forged carbon steel pipingcomponents intended primarily for service in pr
3、essure pipingsystems from 20 to +650 F 30 to +345 C where inherentnotch toughness is desired, but where notch toughness testingis not required. Included are forged or ring-rolled flanges,forged fittings, and valves made to specified dimensions, or todimensional standards such as the ASME and API spe
4、cifica-tions referenced in Section 2.1.2 This specification is limited to forgings with maximumfinished section thicknesses no larger than 2 in. 51 mm.1.3 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to deter-mine whether material meeting the requirements of this speci-fication is satisfactory fo
5、r the service application.1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use whenadditional testing or inspection is desired. These shall applyonly when specified by the purchaser in the order.NOTE 1There are no provisions for impact testing in this specifica-tion. When impact testing is required,
6、refer to SpecificationA350/A350M.1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units. However, unless the order specifies theapplicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or i
7、nch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conforman
8、ce with thestandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed inSpecification A961/A961M, the following list of standardsapply to this specification.2.2 ASTM Standards:3A350/A350M Specification for Carbon and Low-AlloySteel Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing
9、 forPiping ComponentsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsA961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements forSteel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for PipingApplications2.3 ASME Boiler
10、and Pressure Vessel Codes:4Section II Material Specifications, Part C Material Specifi-cations, Part CSection IX Welding and Brazing QualificationsSFA 5.5 Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding ElectrodesB 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged FittingsB 16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Fer
11、-rous ValvesB 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding andThreaded2.4 API Standards:5600 Steel Gate Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for Refin-ery Use605 Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Com
12、mittee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for PipingApplications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published November 2009.
13、 Originallyapproved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A727/A727M 02(2007). DOI: 10.1520/A0727_A0727M-09.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-727 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.ast
14、m.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York,
15、NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Wash-ington, DC 20005-4070, http:/api-ec.api.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock
16、en, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.5 MSS Standard:6MSS SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,Flanges, and Unions3. General Requirements and Ordering Information3.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including anysuppleme
17、ntary requirements that are indicated in the purchaseorder. Failure to comply with the requirements of SpecificationA961/A961M constitutes nonconformance with this specifica-tion. In case of a conflict between the requirements of thisspecification and SpecificationA961/A961M, this specificationshall
18、 prevail.3.2 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order all ordering information necessary to purchasethe needed material. Examples of such information include butare not limited to the following:3.2.1 Additional requirements (see 15.1 and 15.2).4. Materials and Manufacture4
19、.1 The steel shall be made by one or more of the followingprocesses: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace, andshall be fully killed, fine-grain practice.4.2 Forgings shall be manufactured from ingots, blooms,billets, slabs, or bars. These items shall be forged, rolled, orstrandcast.4.3 A s
20、ufficient discard shall be made from the ingot tosecure freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation.4.4 The finished product shall be a forging as defined by theTerminology section of Specification A788/A788M.5. Heat Treatment5.1 Following plastic working, the forging manufacturershall heat
21、treat the forgings by normalizing, or normalizing andtempering, or quenching and tempering.5.1.1 NormalizingThe procedure for normalizing shallconsist of uniformly heating the forgings to a temperaturebetween 1550 and 1700 F 845 and 925 C, holding asufficient time to attain uniform temperature throu
22、ghout, andcooling in still air. The forging shall be at a temperature below1000 F 540 C before heating for normalizing.5.1.2 QuenchingThe procedure for quenching shall con-sist of uniformly heating the forging to a temperature between1550 and 1700 F 845 and 925 C, holding a sufficient timeto attain
23、uniform temperature throughout, and quenching into asuitable liquid medium. The forging shall be at a temperaturebelow 1000 F 540 C before heating for quenching.5.1.3 TemperingThe procedure for tempering shall con-sist of reheating the forging subsequent to normalizing orquenching to a temperature o
24、f at least 1100 F 595 C, but notabove the lower transformation temperature, for 30 min/in. 30min/25 mm of maximum section thickness, with minimumholding time at tempering temperature not less than 30 min.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition
25、 prescribed in Table 1.6.2 Steels to which lead has been added shall not be used.7. Mechanical Requirements Mechanical Requirements7.1 Tension Tests:7.1.1 RequirementsThe material shall conform to require-ments for tensile properties prescribed in Table 2.7.1.1.1 The test specimen shall be obtained
26、from a rough orfinished production forging, or prolongation thereof, or it maybe obtained from separately forged test blanks from the sameheat of steel as the production forging. The test blank shall bereduced by forging in a manner similar to that for the productsrepresented, shall receive approxim
27、ately the same hot workingand reduction, be of the same nominal thickness, and receivethe same heat treatment as the finished products represented.The test material shall be treated in the same furnace at thesame time as the forging it represents, subject to the require-ments of 7.1.2.1.7.1.2 Number
28、 of TestsOne tension test at room tempera-ture shall be made for each nominal wall thickness 614 in.6 6 mm from each heat in each heat treatment charge.7.1.2.1 If heat treatment is performed in either a continuousor a batch-type furnace controlled within 6 25 F 6 14 C ofthe required heat-treatment t
29、emperature, and equipped withrecording pyrometers so that complete records of heat treat-ment are available and if the same heat treating cycles are usedon the forgings represented by the tension test, then one tensiontest per nominal wall thickness 614 in. 6 6 mm from eachheat shall be required, in
30、stead of one tension test per nominalwall thickness from each heat in each heat-treatment charge.7.1.3 Test Locations and OrientationsThe test specimenshall be removed from the midwall of the heaviest section ofthe forging or test blank.6Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Va
31、lve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElements Composition, %CarbonHeat Analysis 0.25 maxManganeseHeat Analysis 0.90 to 1.35PhosphorusHeat Analysis 0.035 maxSulfurHeat Analysis 0.025 maxSiliconHeat Analysis 0.15 to 0.30Ni
32、ckelHeat Analysis 0.40AChromiumHeat Analysis 0.30A,BMolybdenumHeat Analysis 0.12A,BCopperHeat Analysis 0.40AColumbium (Nb)Heat Analysis 0.02VanadiumHeat Analysis 0.05AThe sum of copper, nickel, chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed1.00 % on heat and product analysis.BThe sum of chromium and molyb
33、denum shall not exceed 0.32 % on heat andproduct analysis.A727/A727M 0927.1.3.1 The test specimen shall have its longitudinal axislocated parallel to the direction of major working of the forgingor test blank, except for flanges and rings the test specimenshall be in the tangential direction.7.1.4 T
34、est MethodTesting shall be performed in accor-dance with Test Methods and Definitions A370 using thelargest feasible of the round specimens. The gage length formeasuring elongation shall be four times the diameter of thetest section.7.2 Hardness Test:7.2.1 RequirementsIf the production forgings are
35、liquid-quenched and tempered, hardness of the forgings shall notexceed 187 HB after heat treatment. The purchaser may verifythat the requirement has been met by testing at any location onthe forgings provided such testing does not render the forgingsuseless.8. Heat Analysis8.1 An analysis of each he
36、at of steel shall be made fromsamples taken preferably during the pouring of the heat. Theresults shall conform to Table 1.9. Product Analysis9.1 The purchaser may make a product analysis on productmade to this specification in accordance with SpecificationA961/A961M.10. Hydrostatic Test10.1 Forging
37、s manufactured under this specification shall becapable of passing a hydrostatic test compatible with the ratingof the finished forging. Such tests shall be conducted by theforging manufacturer only when Supplementary RequirementS8 in Specification A961/A961M is specified.11. Rework and Retreatment1
38、1.1 If the results of mechanical tests do not conform to therequirements specified, the manufacturer may reheat treat theforgings represented, and shall retest to the applicable require-ments.11.2 Individually tested forgings meeting all requirementsshall be acceptable.12. Repair by Welding12.1 Repa
39、ir of defects by welding shall be permitted at thediscretion of the forging manufacturer.12.2 Repair by welding shall be made using welding pro-cedures and welders qualified in accordance with Section IX oftheASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. When forgings areheat treated after repair welding, t
40、he qualification test platesshall be subjected to the same heat treatment. The mechanicalproperties of the qualification test plates shall conform toSection 7.12.3 Only electrode classifications with the -A1 designatorshall be used (for example, E71T1-A1). SMAW, GMAW,FCAW or GTAW may be used. The GM
41、AW process is limitedto either the spray transfer or pulsed arc process. The FCAWprocess is limited to repair of carbon or carbon-molybdenumbase materials only. Electrodes shall conform to the applicableSFA 5.5 electrode specification.12.4 Forgings repair welded in the normalized, normalizedand temp
42、ered, or the quenched and tempered conditions shallbe stress-relieved after repair welding at 1100 F 595 Cminimum, but not higher than the temperature previously usedfor tempering the base metal of the same forging, or shall bereheat treated in accordance with Section 5.13. Inspection13.1 All tests
43、and inspections shall be made at the place ofmanufacture, unless otherwise agreed, except for productanalysis (see 9.1).14. Rejection and Rehearing14.1 Each forging that develops injurious defects duringshop working or application shall be rejected and the manu-facturer notified.15. Certification15.
44、1 For forgings made to specified dimensions, whenagreed to by the purchaser, and for forgings made to dimen-sional standards, application of identification marks as requiredin Section 16 shall be the certification that the forgings havebeen furnished in accordance with the requirements of thisspecif
45、ication.15.2 When test reports are required, they shall includecertification that all requirements of this specification havebeen met. The reports shall show the results of all requiredtests, the heat number or manufacturers heat identification, adescription of the heat treatment used, and shall be
46、traceable tothe forging represented. The specification designation includedon test reports shall include year of issue and revision letter, ifany.16. Product Marking16.1 Identification marks consisting of the specificationdesignation, manufacturers name or symbol, (Note 2) the heatnumber or manufact
47、urers heat identification, size, and servicerating, if applicable, shall be permanently placed on eachforging in a position that will not affect the usefulness of theforging. When size does not permit complete marking, identi-fication marks may be omitted in the sequence specified inSP-25, except th
48、at the word “steel” shall not be substituted forthe specification designation. The specification number markedon the forgings need not include specification year of issue andrevision letter.NOTE 2For purposes of identification marking, the manufacturer isconsidered the organization that certifies th
49、e piping component wasmanufactured, sampled, and tested in accordance with this specificationand the results have been determined to meet the requirements of thisspecification.TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsTensile strength, ksi MPa 60.0 to 85.0 415 to 585Yield strength, min, ksi MPaA36.0 250Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 22Reduction of area, min, % 30ADetermined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension-under-load method.A727/A727M 09316.1.1 If the forgings have been quenched and tempered
