1、Designation: A727/A727M 11A727/A727M 13Standard Specification forCarbon Steel Forgings for Piping Components with InherentNotch Toughness1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A727/A727M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2 covers forged carbon steel piping components intended primarily fo
3、r service in pressure piping systemsfrom 20 to +650 F 30 to +345 C where inherent notch toughness is desired, but where notch toughness testing is not required.Included are forged or ring-rolled flanges, forged fittings, and valves made to specified dimensions, or to dimensional standardssuch as the
4、 ASME and API specifications referenced in Section 2.1.2 This specification is limited to forgings with maximum finished section thicknesses no larger than 2 in. 51 mm.1.3 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to determine whether material meeting the requirements of this specificationis s
5、atisfactory for the service application.1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply onlywhen specified by the purchaser in the order.NOTE 1There are no provisions for impact testing in this specification. When impact testing
6、 is required, refer to Specification A350/A350M.1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.6 The values stated in eithe
7、r SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may resul
8、t in non-conformance with the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed in Specification A961/A961M, the following list of standards apply to thisspecification.2.2 ASTM Standards:3A350/A350M Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring No
9、tch Toughness Testing for PipingComponentsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General RequirementsA961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for PipingApplicationsE59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination of Chemic
10、al Composition (Withdrawn 1996)42.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes:5Section II, Material Specifications, Part CSFA 5.5 Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding ElectrodesB 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stai
11、nless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011Oct. 1, 2013. Published November 2011October 2013
12、. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20072011as A727/A727M10.11. DOI: 10.1520/A0727_A0727M-11.10.1520/A0727_A0727M-13.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-727 in Section II of that Code.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit
13、theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.5 Available f
14、rom American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the pr
15、evious version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of C
16、hanges section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1B 16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Ferrous ValvesB 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and ThreadedB 16.30 Unfire
17、d Pressure Vessel Flange Dimensions2.4 API Standards:6600 Steel Gate Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for Refinery Use605 Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges2.5 MSS Standard:7MSS SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges, and Union
18、s3. General Requirements and Ordering Information3.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including anysupplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the requirements of SpecificationA961/A
19、961M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of a conflict between the requirements of thisspecification and Specification A961/A961M, this specification shall prevail.3.2 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in the purchase order all ordering information necessary to p
20、urchase the neededmaterial. Examples of such information include but are not limited to the following:3.2.1 Additional requirements (see 15.1 and 15.2).4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The steel shall be made by one or more of the following processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace, a
21、nd shallbe fully killed, fine-grain practice.4.2 Forgings shall be manufactured from ingots, blooms, billets, slabs, or bars. These items shall be forged, rolled, or strandcast.4.3 A sufficient discard shall be made from the ingot to secure freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation.4.4 The
22、 finished product shall be a forging as defined by the Terminology section of Specification A788/A788M.5. Heat Treatment5.1 Following plastic working, the forging manufacturer shall heat treat the forgings by normalizing, or normalizing andtempering, or quenching and tempering.5.1.1 NormalizingThe p
23、rocedure for normalizing shall consist of uniformly heating the forgings to a temperature between1550 and 1700 F 845 and 925 C, holding a sufficient time to attain uniform temperature throughout, and cooling in still air.The forging shall be at a temperature below 1000 F 540 C before heating for nor
24、malizing.5.1.2 QuenchingThe procedure for quenching shall consist of uniformly heating the forging to a temperature between 1550and 1700 F 845 and 925 C, holding a sufficient time to attain uniform temperature throughout, and quenching into a suitableliquid medium. The forging shall be at a temperat
25、ure below 1000 F 540 C before heating for quenching.5.1.3 TemperingThe procedure for tempering shall consist of reheating the forging subsequent to normalizing or quenchingto a temperature of at least 1100 F 595 C, but not above the lower transformation temperature, for 30 min/in. 30 min/25 mmof max
26、imum section thickness, with minimum holding time at tempering temperature not less than 30 min.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.6.2 Steels to which lead has been added shall not be used.7. Mechanical Requirements
27、7.1 Tension Tests:7.1.1 RequirementsThe material shall conform to requirements for tensile properties prescribed in Table 2.7.1.1.1 The test specimen shall be obtained from a rough or finished production forging, or prolongation thereof, or it may beobtained from separately forged test blanks from t
28、he same heat of steel as the production forging. The test blank shall be reducedby forging in a manner similar to that for the products represented, shall receive approximately the same hot working and reduction,be of the same nominal thickness, and receive the same heat treatment as the finished pr
29、oducts represented. The test material shallbe treated in the same furnace at the same time as the forging it represents, subject to the requirements of 7.1.2.1.6 Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/api-ec.api.org.7 Available from Manuf
30、acturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.A727/A727M 1327.1.2 Number of TestsOne tension test at room temperature shall be made for each nominal wall thickness 6 14 in. 6 6 mmfrom each heat in each heat treatmen
31、t charge.7.1.2.1 If heat treatment is performed in either a continuous or a batch-type furnace controlled within 6 25 F 6 14 C of therequired heat-treatment temperature, and equipped with recording pyrometers so that complete records of heat treatment areavailable and if the same heat treating cycle
32、s are used on the forgings represented by the tension test, then one tension test pernominal wall thickness 6 14 in. 6 6 mm from each heat shall be required, instead of one tension test per nominal wall thicknessfrom each heat in each heat-treatment charge.7.1.3 Test Locations and OrientationsThe te
33、st specimen shall be removed from the midwall of the heaviest section of theforging or test blank.7.1.3.1 The test specimen shall have its longitudinal axis located parallel to the direction of major working of the forging or testblank, except for flanges and rings the test specimen shall be in the
34、tangential direction.7.1.4 Test MethodTesting shall be performed as specified in Specification A961/A961M using the largest feasible of the roundspecimens.7.2 Hardness Test:7.2.1 RequirementsIf the production forgings are liquid-quenched and tempered, hardness of the forgings shall not exceed 187HBW
35、 after heat treatment. The purchaser may verify that the requirement has been met by testing at any location on the forgingsprovided such testing does not render the forgings useless.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElements Composition, %CarbonHeat Analysis 0.25 maxProduct Analysis 0.28 maxManganeseHea
36、t Analysis 0.90 to 1.35Product Analysis 0.84 to 1.41PhosphorusHeat Analysis 0.035 maxProduct Analysis 0.043 maxSulfurHeat Analysis 0.025 maxProduct Analysis 0.033 maxSiliconHeat Analysis 0.15 to 0.30Product Analysis 0.13 to 0.32NickelHeat Analysis 0.40AProduct Analysis 0.43ChromiumHeat Analysis 0.30
37、A,BProduct Analysis 0.34MolybdenumHeat Analysis 0.12A,BProduct Analysis 0.13CopperHeat Analysis 0.40AProduct Analysis 0.43Columbium (Nb)Heat Analysis 0.02Product Analysis 0.03VanadiumHeat Analysis 0.05Product Analysis 0.055A The sum of copper, nickel, chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 %o
38、n heat analysis.B The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 % on heatanalysis.TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsTensile strength, ksi MPa 60.0 to 85.0 415 to 585Yield strength, min, ksi MPaA 36.0 250Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 22Reduction of area, min, % 30A Determined by either th
39、e 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension-under-loadmethod.A727/A727M 1338. Heat Analysis8.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made from samples taken preferably during the pouring of the heat. The resultsshall conform to Table 1.9. Product Analysis9.1 A product analysis may be made by t
40、he purchaser on samples taken in accordance with Practice E59. The results shallconform to Table 1.10. Hydrostatic Test10.1 Forgings manufactured under this specification shall be capable of passing a hydrostatic test compatible with the rating ofthe finished forging. Such tests shall be conducted b
41、y the forging manufacturer only when Supplementary Requirement S8 inSpecification A961/A961M is specified.11. Rework and Retreatment11.1 If the results of mechanical tests do not conform to the requirements specified, the manufacturer may reheat treat theforgings represented, and shall retest to the
42、 applicable requirements.11.2 Individually tested forgings meeting all requirements shall be acceptable.12. Repair by Welding12.1 Repair of defects by welding shall be permitted at the discretion of the forging manufacturer.12.2 Repair by welding shall be made using welding procedures and welders qu
43、alified in accordance with Section IX of theASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. When forgings are heat treated after repair welding, the qualification test plates shall besubjected to the same heat treatment. The mechanical properties of the qualification test plates shall conform to Section 7.12.
44、3 Only electrode classifications with the -A1 designator shall be used (for example, E71T1-A1). SMAW, GMAW, FCAWor GTAW may be used. The GMAW process is limited to either the spray transfer or pulsed arc process. The FCAW process islimited to repair of carbon or carbon-molybdenum base materials only
45、. Electrodes shall conform to the applicable AWS A5electrode specification.12.4 Forgings repair welded in the normalized, normalized and tempered, or the quenched and tempered conditions shall bestress-relieved after repair welding at 1100 F 595 C minimum, but not higher than the temperature previou
46、sly used fortempering the base metal of the same forging, or shall be reheat treated in accordance with Section 5.13. Inspection13.1 All tests and inspections shall be made at the place of manufacture, unless otherwise agreed, except for product analysis(see 9.1).14. Rejection and Rehearing14.1 Each
47、 forging that develops injurious defects during shop working or application shall be rejected and the manufacturernotified.15. Certification15.1 For forgings made to specified dimensions, when agreed to by the purchaser, and for forgings made to dimensionalstandards, application of identification ma
48、rks as required in Section 16 shall be the certification that the forgings have beenfurnished in accordance with the requirements of this specification.15.1 When test reports are required, they shall include certification that all requirements of thisIn addition to the certificationrequirements of S
49、pecification A961/A961Mspecification have been met. The reports shall show the results of all required tests, theheat number or manufacturers heat identification, a description of the heat treatment used, and shall be traceable to the forgingrepresented. The specification designation included on , test reports shall include year of issue and revision letter, if any. befurnished to the purchaser or his representative. Test reports shall provide the following where applicable:15.1.1 Type heat treatment, Sectio
