1、Designation: A 778 01 (Reapproved 2009)1Standard Specification forWelded, Unannealed Austenitic Stainless Steel TubularProducts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThe units statement in paragraph 1.3 was revised editorially in April 2009.1. Scope1.1 This specification cov
3、ers straight seam and spiral buttseam welded unannealed austenitic stainless steel tubularproducts intended for low and moderate temperatures andcorrosive service where heat treatment is not necessary forcorrosion resistance. Table 1 lists the five grades covered bythis specification. The user of th
4、is specification should beaware that a minimum amount of testing and examination isrequired of the basic product. The user requiring additionaltesting or examination is referred to the supplemental require-ments or Ordering Information, or both. Users requiring atubular product with post-weld heat t
5、reatment or with radio-graphic examination are referred to Specification A 312/A 312M, A 358/A 358M,orA 409/A 409M, as applicable.1.2 This specification covers welded unannealed tubularproducts 3 in. (75 mm) through 48 in. (1200 mm) in outsidediameter and in nominal wall thicknesses of 0.062 in. (1.
6、5 mm)through 0.500 in. (12.5 mm) produced to this specification.Tubular products having other diameters or wall thickness, orboth, may be furnished provided it complies with all otherrequirements of this specification.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The value
7、s given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 240/A 240M Specification for Chromium andChromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Stripfor Pressure Vessels and f
8、or General ApplicationsA 262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranu-lar Attack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA 312/A 312M Specification for Seamless, Welded, andHeavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel PipesA 358/A 358M Specification for Electric-Fusion-WeldedAustenitic Chromium-
9、Nickel Stainless Steel Pipe forHigh-Temperature Service and General ApplicationsA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 409/A 409M Specification for Welded Large DiameterAustenitic Steel Pipe for Corrosive or High-TemperatureServiceA 700 Practices for Packaging, M
10、arking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for ShipmentA 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysA 999/A 999M Specification for General Requirements forAlloy and Stainless Steel PipeE 340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and AlloysE 527 Practice for
11、Numbering Metals and Alloys in theUnified Numbering System (UNS)2.2 AWS Standards:A5.4 CorrosionResisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Covered Welding Electrodes3A5.9 CorrosionResisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Welding Rods and Bare Electrodes32.3 SAE Standard:SAE J1086 Practice for
12、Numbering Metals and Alloys(UNS)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.2 The definitions in Specification A 999/A 999M andTerminology A 941 are applicable to this specification.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material to this specification should includethe following:1This specification is under the
13、 jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition app
14、roved in 2001 as A 778 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Welding So
15、ciety (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Stat
16、es.4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of pieces),4.1.2 Name of material (welded unannealed austenitic stain-less steel tubular products),4.1.3 Straight seam or spiral butt seam,4.1.4 Grade (see Table 1),4.1.5 Size (outside diameter and specified wall thickness)(see 10.3 and 10.4),4.1.6 Length (
17、mill standard lengths, or specify cut lengths)(see 10.1),4.1.7 Optional requirements (Supplementary RequirementsS1 to S5),4.1.8 Certification requirements,4.1.9 Specification designation, and4.1.10 Special requirements.5. Significance and Use5.1 It is anticipated that the ASTM Subcommittees A01.06,A
18、01.10, A01.17, A01.22, and A01.28 will use the standardcomposition limits listed in this specification for the gradesidentified by the corresponding UNS designation in the productspecification unless there is a specific technical justification fordoing otherwise. The compositions in this specificati
19、on shallnot be considered as chemical requirements for any particularproduct until adopted by the subcommittee overseeing thatproduct.6. Manufacture6.1 The tubular products shall be made from flat-rolled steelsheet, coil, or plate by a shielded arc-welding process. Thematerial used for manufacture s
20、hall conform to the require-ments of one of the grades of Specification A 240/A 240Mlisted in Table 1. At the manufacturers option, filler metal maybe used.6.2 Tubular products 14 in. (350 mm) in diameter andsmaller shall have a single longitudinal weld or a spiral buttweld seam. Tubular products of
21、 larger diameter may have amaximum of three longitudinal welds. All weld tests, exami-nations, inspections, or treatments are to be performed on eachweld seam.6.3 Circumferentially welded joints of the same quality asthe longitudinal or spiral joints shall be permitted by agreementbetween the manufa
22、cturer and the purchaser.6.4 All tubular products shall be furnished clean and free ofscale.6.5 Welding:6.5.1 The welds shall be made by the manual or automaticelectric-welding process.6.5.2 The welded joints may show a reinforcing bead nogreater than116 in. (1.6 mm) on either surface of the tubular
23、product. At no place shall the thickness of the weld section beless than the minimum wall thickness permitted by the toler-ances of 10.4. The weld bead may be removed at the option ofthe manufacturer or upon agreement between the manufacturerand purchaser.6.5.3 Injurious weld defects shall be repair
24、ed by removal tosound metal and rewelding.6.5.4 The alloy content (chromium, nickel, molybdenum,columbium, and carbon) of the filler metal shall conform tothat required for the plate or the welding electrodes as shownin Table II of Specification AWS A5.4 or in Table I ofSpecification AWS A5.9, excep
25、t that when welding on Type321 base metal, the deposited weld metal may correspond toType 347.7. Mechanical Test Requirements7.1 Each lot shall be subjected to one transverse tension testand two transverse guided bend tests.NOTE 1The term lot applies to all pipe of the same grade, of the samethickne
26、ss, produced from the same heat with the same weld procedure.7.2 The maximum lot size shall be in accordance with thefollowing table:Diameter Range Lot Size (lengths)up to 3 in. exclusive 40038 in. exclusive 300814 in. exclusive 20014 in. and over 1007.3 Specimen Preparation:7.3.1 Transverse tension
27、 and bend test specimens shall betaken from the end of a length and shall be flattened cold beforefinal machining to size.7.3.2 As an alternative to the requirements of 7.3.1, the testspecimens may be taken from test plates of the same materialas the tube, which are attached to the end of the cylind
28、er andwelded as a prolongation of the tube longitudinal weld.7.3.3 Tension test specimens shall be made in accordancewith Test Methods and Definitions A 370.7.4 Transverse Tension Test:TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsGradeUNSDesignationACarbonmaxBManga-nese,maxPhos-phorus,maxComposition, %TitaniumColum
29、biumPlusTantalusNitrogen,maxSulfur,maxSilicon,maxChromium NickelTP 304L S30403 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.013.0 . . . 0.10TP 316L S31603 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00. . 0.10TP 317L S31703 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 11.015.0 3.04.0. . 0.10TP 321 S32100
30、0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.012.0 .C. .TP 347 S34700 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.012.0 . .D.ANew designation established in accordance with Practice E 527 and SAE J1086.BThe carbon analysis shall be reported to the nearest 0.01 %, except for the low carbon (0.030) types, which sh
31、all be reported to the nearest 0.001 %.CThe titanium content shall be not less than five times the carbon content and not more than 0.70 %.DThe columbium plus tantalum content shall be not less than ten times the carbon content and not more than 1.10 %.A 778 01 (2009)127.4.1 Transverse tension tests
32、 taken transversely across thewelded joint shall meet the same minimum tensile strength asthe base material (Table 2).7.4.2 When diameters below 8-in. (200 mm) make it im-practical to perform a transverse tension test, an alternative testmay be permitted by agreement between the manufacturer andthe
33、purchaser.7.5 Transverse GuidedBend Weld Test:7.5.1 Take two bend test specimens transversely from theweld. Subject one to a face guided-bend test and the second toa root guided-bend test. Bend one specimen with the insidesurface of the tube against the plunger, and the other with theoutside surface
34、 against the plunger.7.5.2 The bend test shall be acceptable if no cracks or otherdefects exceeding18 in. (3 mm) in any direction are present inthe weld metal or between the weld and the parent metal afterbending. Cracks that originate along the edges of the specimenduring testing, and that are less
35、 than14 in. (6 mm) measuredin any direction shall not be considered.7.5.3 Make and test transverse guided-bend weld test speci-mens in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.7.5.4 When diameters below 8 in. (200 mm) make itimpractical to perform a transverse guided-bend test, a flatten-i
36、ng test may be substituted (see Supplementary RequirementS5).8. Heat Treatment8.1 Heat treatment shall not be required.9. Chemical Requirements Chemical Requirements9.1 Mill certificates of heat analysis of each heat of steelshall be furnished upon request.10. Permissible Variations in Tubular Produ
37、ctsDimensions10.1 LengthsTubular products are normally furnished inmill lengths 10 ft (3 m) and over. If specific lengths areordered, no length shall be under the length specified and notmore than14 in. (6 mm) over that specified.10.2 StraightnessUsing a 10-ft (3-m) straightedge placedso that both e
38、nds are in contact with the length, a maximum ofa 0.25-in. (6-mm) gap is allowable.10.3 Diameter ToleranceRefer to the applicable table inSpecification A 999/A 999M.10.4 Wall ThicknessWall thickness tolerance shall be612.5 %.11. Workmanship11.1 Finished products shall have smooth ends free of burrs.
39、Tubular products shall be free of injurious defects and shallhave a workmanlike finish. Surface imperfections, such ashandling marks, straightening marks, light mandrel and diemarks, shallow pits, and scale patterns, will not be consideredas serious defects, provided the imperfections are removablew
40、ithin the allowable wall thickness tolerance. The removal ofsurface imperfections is not required.12. Inspection12.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall haveentry at all times while work on the contract of the purchaseris being performed, to all parts of the manufacturers worksthat concer
41、n the manufacture of the material ordered. Themanufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilitiesto satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordancewith this specification. All required tests and inspections shallbe made at the place of manufacture prior to shipment, unle
42、ssotherwise specified, and shall be conducted so as not tointerfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works.13. Rejection13.1 Each length of tube received from the manufacturermay be inspected by the purchaser. If it does not meet therequirements of this specification based on the inspection a
43、ndtest method as outlined, the length may be rejected and themanufacturer shall be notified. Disposition of rejected lengthsshall be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer andthe purchaser.14. Certification14.1 A certification that the material conforms to the re-quirements of this specifica
44、tion shall be the basis of acceptanceof the material. When requested by the purchaser, the manu-facturer shall report to the purchaser or his representative theresults of any supplemental test requirements.15. Product Marking15.1 Each length of tube shall be legibly marked with themanufacturers name
45、 or brand, specified size, heat number, thisspecification number, grade of material, and the letters HT-O toindicate that the pipe was not heat treated.15.2 For small-diameter tubes and pieces under 3 ft (0.90 m)in length, the information specified in 15.1 shall be marked ona tag securely attached t
46、o the bundle or box in which the piecesare shipped.16. Packaging16.1 Tubular products may be shipped loose. The manufac-turer may, at his option, box, crate, or package in secure lifts orbundles to ensure safe delivery as specified in Practices A 700.17. Keywords17.1 austenitic stainless steel; stai
47、nless steel tubing; steeltubing; welded steel tubingTABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsGrade UNSDesignationTensileStrength, min,ksi (MPa)TP 304L S30403 70 (485)TP 316L S31603 70 (485)TP 317L S31703 75 (515)TP 321 S32100 75 (515)TP 347 S34700 75 (515)A 778 01 (2009)13SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of
48、 the following supplementary requirements may be included in the purchasersinquiry or in the order or contract. When so included, a supplementary requirement shall have thesame force as if it were in the body of the specification. Details of a supplementary requirement shallbe agreed to between the
49、manufacturer and the purchaser.S1. Etching TestsS1.1 An etching test, when specified, shall be made on atransverse section from one end of one length from each 2500ft (760 m) or fraction thereof from each heat of steel or asspecified by the purchaser. An etching test in accordance withTest Method E 340 shall be made. The test shall show sound,homogeneous, and reasonable uniform material, free of injuri-ous laminations, cracks, and similar objectionable defects. Ifthe specimen of any length shows objectional defects, oneretest shall be permitted f
