1、Designation: A796/A796M 13aA796/A796M 15Standard Practice forStructural Design of Corrugated Steel Pipe, Pipe-Arches,and Arches for Storm and Sanitary Sewers and OtherBuried Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A796/A796M; the number immediately following the designation
2、indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the structural d
3、esign of corrugated steel pipe and pipe-arches, ribbed and composite ribbed steel pipe,ribbed pipe with metallic-coated inserts, closed rib steel pipe, composite corrugated steel pipe, and steel structural plate pipe,pipe-arches, and underpasses for use as storm sewers and sanitary sewers, and other
4、 buried applications. Ribbed and compositeribbed steel pipe, ribbed pipe with metallic-coated inserts, closed rib steel pipe, and composite corrugated steel pipe shall be ofhelical fabrication having a continuous lockseam. This practice is for pipe installed in a trench or embankment and subjected t
5、oearth loads and live loads. It must be recognized that a buried corrugated steel pipe is a composite structure made up of the steelring and the soil envelope, and both elements play a vital part in the structural design of this type of structure. This practice appliesto structures installed in acco
6、rdance with Practice A798/A798M or A807/A807M.1.2 Corrugated steel pipe and pipe-arches shall be of annular fabrication using riveted or spot-welded seams, or of helicalfabrication having a continuous lockseam or welded seam.1.3 Structural plate pipe, pipe-arches, underpasses, and arches are fabrica
7、ted in separate plates that, when assembled at the jobsite by bolting, form the required shape.1.4 This specification is applicable to design in inch-pound units as A796 or in SI units as A796M. Inch-pound units and SIunits are not necessarily equivalent. SI units are shown in brackets in the text f
8、or clarity, but they are the applicable values whenthe design is done per A796M.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and det
9、ermine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A760/A760M Specification for Corrugated Steel Pipe, Metallic-Coated for Sewers and DrainsA761/A761M Specification for Corrugated Steel Structural Plate, Zinc-Coated, for Field-Bolted Pipe, Pipe-
10、Arches, and ArchesA762/A762M Specification for Corrugated Steel Pipe, Polymer Precoated for Sewers and DrainsA798/A798M Practice for Installing Factory-Made Corrugated Steel Pipe for Sewers and Other ApplicationsA807/A807M Practice for Installing Corrugated Steel Structural Plate Pipe for Sewers and
11、 Other ApplicationsA902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel ProductsA978/A978M Specification for Composite Ribbed Steel Pipe, Precoated and Polyethylene Lined for Gravity Flow SanitarySewers, Storm Sewers, and Other Special ApplicationsA1019/A1019M Specification for Closed Rib Steel Pipe w
12、ith Diameter of 36 in. 900 mm or Less, Polymer Precoated forSewers and Drains (Withdrawn 2012)3A1042/A1042M Specification for Composite Corrugated Steel Pipe for Sewers and Drains1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 on Metallic-Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the dir
13、ect responsibility of Subcommittee A05.17on Corrugated Steel Pipe Specifications.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013May 1, 2015. Published November 2013May 2015. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2013 asA796/A796M 13.A796/A796M 13A. DOI: 10.1520/A0796_A0796M-13A.10.152
14、0/A0796_A0796M-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this histori
15、cal standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, A
16、STM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
17、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)D1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by Sand-Cone MethodD2167 Test Method for Density and Un
18、it Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon MethodD2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)D2922 Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth) (Withdrawn 2007)3D2937 Test Method for
19、Density of Soil in Place by the Drive-Cylinder Method2.2 AASHTO Standard:4Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges2.3 FAA Standard:5AC No. 150/53205B Advisory Circular, “Airport Drainage,” Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration,19703. Terminology3.1 General DefinitionsFor d
20、efinitions of general terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology A902. For definitions ofterms specific to this standard, refer to 3.2.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 arch, na pipe shape that is supported on footings and does not have a full metal invert.3.2.2 bedding
21、, nthe earth or other material on which the pipe is laid, consisting of a thin layer of imported material on topof the in situ foundation.3.2.3 haunch, nthe portion of the pipe cross section between the maximum horizontal dimension and the top of the bedding.3.2.4 invert, nthe lowest portion of the
22、pipe cross section; also, the bottom portion of the pipe.3.2.5 pipe, na conduit having a full circular shape, or in a general context, all structure shapes covered by this practice.3.2.6 pipe-arch, na pipe shape consisting of an approximate semi-circular top portion, small radius corners, and large
23、radiusinvert.4. Symbols4.1 The symbols used in this practice have the following significance:A = required wall area, in.2/ft mm2/mm(AL) = maximum highway design axle load, lbf NCl = longitudinal live load distribution factor for pipe archesd = depth of corrugation, in. mmE = modulus of elasticity =
24、29 by 106 lbf/in.2 200 by 103 MPa(EL) = earth load, lbf/ft2 kPa(FF) = flexibility factor, in./lbf mmNfy = specified minimum yield strengthFor 6 by 2-in. 150 by 50-mm corrugationType 33 = 33 000 lbf/in. 2 225 MPaType 38 = 38 000 lbf/in.2 260 MPaFor 15 by 512-in. 380 by 140-mm and 16 by 6in. 400 by 15
25、0-mmcorrugations = 44 000 lbf/in.2 300 MPaFor 20 by 9 12-in. 500 by 237-mm corrugation = 42 000 lbf/in.2290 MPaFor all other corrugations = 33 000 lbf/in.2 225 MPa=fu = specified minimum tensile strengthFor 6 by 2in. 150 by 50mm corrugationType 33 = 45 000 lbf/in.2 310 MPaType 38 = 48 000 lbf/in. 2
26、330 MPaFor 15 by 1512-in. 380 by 140-mm, 16 by 6-in. 400 by 150-mmand 20 by 9 12-in. 500 by 237-mm corrugations = 55 000 lbf/in.2380 MPaFor all other corrugations = 45 000 lbf/in.2 310 MPa=fc = critical buckling stress, lbf/in.2 MPa4 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transport
27、ation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.5 Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Publication No. SN-050-007-00149-5.A796/A796M 152h = height of cover, in. mm determined as follows: (1) highwaysfrom
28、top of pipe to top of rigid pavement, or totop of subgrade for flexible pavement; (2) railwaystop of pipe to bottom of tieH = depth of fill above top of pipe, ft mHmin = minimum depth of fill, ft mHmax = maximum depth of fill, ft mI = moment of inertia of corrugated shape, in.4/in. mm4/mm (see Table
29、s 2-35)(IL) = pressure from impact load, lbf/ft2 kPak = soil stiffness factor = 0.22 for good side-fill material compacted to 90 % of standard density based on Test MethodD698L1, L2, L3 = loaded lengths, in. mm defined in 18.3(LL) = pressure from live load, lbf/ft2 kPaP = total design load or pressu
30、re, lbf/ft2 kPaPc = corner pressure, lbf/ft2 kPaPf = factored crown pressure, lbf/ft2 kPar = radius of gyration of corrugation, in. mm (see Tables 2-35)rc = corner radius of pipe-arch, in. mmRn = nominal resistance for each limit state, lbf/ft kNmRf = factored resistance for each limit state, lbf/ft
31、 kNmrl = radius at crown, in. mmS = pipe diameter or span, ft ms = pipe diameter or span, in. mm(SF) = safety factor(SS) = required seam strength, lbf/ft kNmT = thrust in pipe wall, lbf/ft kNmTf = factored thrust in pipe wall, lbf/ft kNmw = unit force derived from 1 ft3 1 m3 of fill material above t
32、he pipe, lbf/ft3 kNm 3. When actual fill material isnot known, use 120 lbf/ft3 19 kN/m3 = resistance factor5. Basis of Design5.1 The safety factors and other specific quantitative recommendations herein represent generally accepted design practice. Thedesign engineer should, however, determine that
33、these recommendations meet particular project needs.5.2 This practice is not applicable for long-span structural plate pipe or other multi-radius shapes not described herein. Suchstructures require additional design considerations for both the pipe and the soil envelope. In addition to meeting all o
34、ther designrequirements given herein, the maximum diameters or spans for structures designed by this practice are as follows:Shape Maximum Diameter or Span, ft mmpipe, arch 26 7920 mmpipe-arch, underpass 21 6400 mm5.3 This practice is not applicable for pipe with a specified thickness less than 0.05
35、2 in. 1.32 mm for installations underrailways and airport runways.6. Loads6.1 The design load or pressure on a pipe is comprised of earth load (EL), live load (LL), and impact load (IL). These loadsare applied as a fluid pressure acting on the pipe periphery.6.2 For steel pipe buried in a trench or
36、in an embankment on a yielding foundation, loads are defined as follows:6.2.1 The earth load (EL) is the weight of the column of soil directly above the pipe:EL!5Hw (1)6.2.2 Live LoadsThe live load (LL) is that portion of the weight of vehicle, train, or aircraft moving over the pipe that isdistribu
37、ted through the soil to the pipe.TABLE 1 Resistance Factors for LRFD DesignType of Pipe Limit State Resistance Factor, Helical pipe with lock seam or fully welded seam Minimum wall area and buckling 1.00Annular pipe with spot-welded, riveted, or bolted seam Minimum wall area and buckling 1.00Minimum
38、 seam strength 0.67Structural plate pipe Minimum wall area and buckling 1.00Minimum seam strength 0.67A796/A796M 1536.2.2.1 Live Loads Under HighwayLive load pressures for H20 highway loadings, including impact effects, are:Height of Cover, ft m Live Load, lbf/ft2 kPa1 0.30 1800 86.22 0.61 800 38.33
39、 0.91 600 28.74 1.22 400 19.25 1.52 250 12.06 1.83 200 9.67 2.13 175 8.48 2.44 100 4.8over 8 over 2.44 neglect 6.2.2.2 Live Loads Under RailwaysLive load pressures for E80 railway loadings, including impact effects, are as follows:Height of Cover, ft m Live Load, lbf/ft2 kPa2 0.61 3800 181.95 1.52 2
40、400 114.98 2.44 1600 76.610 3.05 1100 52.712 3.66 800 38.315 4.57 600 28.720 6.10 300 14.430 9.14 100 4.8over 30 over 9.14 neglect 6.2.2.3 Values for intermediate covers shall be interpolated.6.2.2.4 Live Loads Under Aircraft RunwaysBecause of the many different wheel configurations and weights, liv
41、e loadpressures for aircraft vary. Such pressures must be determined for the specific aircrafts for which the installation is designed; seeFAA Standard AC No. 150/5320-5B.6.2.3 Impact LoadsLoads caused by the impact of moving traffic are important only at low heights of cover. Their effects havebeen
42、 included in the live load pressures in 6.2.2.7. Design Method7.1 Strength requirements for wall strength, buckling strength, and seam strength may be determined by either the allowablestress design (ASD) method presented in Section 8, or the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) method presented
43、 in Section9. Additionally, the design considerations in other paragraphs shall be followed for either design method.8. Design by ASD Method8.1 The thrust in the pipe wall shall be checked by three criteria. Each considers the joint function of the steel pipe and thesurrounding soil envelope.8.1.1 R
44、equired Wall Area:8.1.1.1 Determine the design pressure and the ring compression thrust in the steel pipe wall as follows:P 5 EL1LL1IL (2)T 5PS2 (3)8.1.1.2 Determine the required wall cross-sectional area. The safety factor (SF) on wall area is 2.A5T SF!fy(4)Select from Table 2, Table 4, Table 6, Ta
45、ble 8, Table 10, Table 12, Table 14, Table 16, Table 18, Table 20, Table 22, Table 24,Table 26, Table 28, Table 30, Table 32, Table 34, or Table 36 Table 3, Table 5, Table 7, Table 9, Table 11, Table 13, Table 15,Table 17, Table 19, Table 21, Table 23, Table 25, Table 27, Table 29, Table 31, Table 3
46、3, Table 35, or Table 37 a wall thicknessequal to or greater than the required wall area (A).8.1.2 Critical Buckling StressCheck section profile with the required wall area for possible wall buckling. If the criticalbuckling stress fc is less than the minimum yield stress fy, recalculate the require
47、d wall area using fc instead of fy.If s, rk 24Efuthen fc 5fu 2 fu248E Sksr D2(5)If s.rk 24Efuthen fc 5 12ES ksr D2 (6)8.1.3 Required Seam Strength:8.1.3.1 Since helical lockseam and welded-seam pipe have no longitudinal seams, this criterion is not valid for these types ofpipe.A796/A796M 1548.1.3.2
48、For pipe fabricated with longitudinal seams (riveted, spot-welded, or bolted) the seam strength shall be sufficient todevelop the thrust in the pipe wall. The safety factor on seam strength (SS) is 3.SS!5T SF! (7)8.1.3.3 Check the ultimate seam strengths shown in Table 4, Table 6, Table 32, Table 34
49、, or Table 36, Table 5, Table 7, Table33, Table 35, or Table 37. If the required seam strength exceeds that shown for the steel thickness already chosen, use a heavierpipe whose seam strength exceeds the required seam strength.9. Design by LRFD Method9.1 Factored LoadsThe pipe shall be designed to resist the following combination of factored earth
