1、Designation: A796/A796M 15AStandard Practice forStructural Design of Corrugated Steel Pipe, Pipe-Arches,and Arches for Storm and Sanitary Sewers and OtherBuried Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A796/A796M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、 yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the structural design of corr
3、ugatedsteel pipe and pipe-arches, ribbed and composite ribbed steelpipe, ribbed pipe with metallic-coated inserts, closed rib steelpipe, composite corrugated steel pipe, and steel structural platepipe, pipe-arches, and underpasses for use as storm sewers andsanitary sewers, and other buried applicat
4、ions. Ribbed andcomposite ribbed steel pipe, ribbed pipe with metallic-coatedinserts, closed rib steel pipe, and composite corrugated steelpipe shall be of helical fabrication having a continuouslockseam. This practice is for pipe installed in a trench orembankment and subjected to earth loads and l
5、ive loads. Itmust be recognized that a buried corrugated steel pipe is acomposite structure made up of the steel ring and the soilenvelope, and both elements play a vital part in the structuraldesign of this type of structure. This practice applies tostructures installed in accordance with Practice
6、A798/A798Mor A807/A807M.1.2 Corrugated steel pipe and pipe-arches shall be of annu-lar fabrication using riveted or spot-welded seams, or of helicalfabrication having a continuous lockseam or welded seam.1.3 Structural plate pipe, pipe-arches, underpasses, andarches are fabricated in separate plates
7、 that, when assembled atthe job site by bolting, form the required shape.1.4 Deep corrugated plates are covered in this standard as ameans of providing design properties only. The structuraldesign of deep corrugated structures is not supported by thisstandard.1.5 This specification is applicable to
8、design in inch-poundunits as A796 or in SI units as A796M. Inch-pound units andSI units are not necessarily equivalent. SI units are shown inbrackets in the text for clarity, but they are the applicablevalues when the design is done per A796M.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thes
9、afety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A760/A760M Specification for
10、Corrugated Steel Pipe,Metallic-Coated for Sewers and DrainsA761/A761M Specification for Corrugated Steel StructuralPlate, Zinc-Coated, for Field-Bolted Pipe, Pipe-Arches,and ArchesA762/A762M Specification for Corrugated Steel Pipe, Poly-mer Precoated for Sewers and DrainsA798/A798M Practice for Inst
11、alling Factory-Made Corru-gated Steel Pipe for Sewers and Other ApplicationsA807/A807M Practice for Installing Corrugated Steel Struc-tural Plate Pipe for Sewers and Other ApplicationsA902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel Prod-uctsA964/A964M Specification for Corrugated Steel Box Cul-ve
12、rtsA978/A978M Specification for Composite Ribbed SteelPipe, Precoated and Polyethylene Lined for Gravity FlowSanitary Sewers, Storm Sewers, and Other Special Appli-cationsA1019/A1019M Specification for Closed Rib Steel Pipewith Diameter of 36 in. 900 mm or Less, PolymerPrecoated for Sewers and Drain
13、s (Withdrawn 2012)3A1042/A1042M Specification for Composite CorrugatedSteel Pipe for Sewers and Drains (Withdrawn 2015)3D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
14、A05 on Metallic-Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA05.17 on Corrugated Steel Pipe Specifications.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A796/A796M 15.DOI: 10.152
15、0/A0796_A0796M-15A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this histori
16、cal standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by Sand-Cone Meth
17、odD2167 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by the Rubber Balloon MethodD2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for EngineeringPurposes (Unified Soil Classification System)D2922 Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregatein Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth) (Wit
18、h-drawn 2007)3D2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by theDrive-Cylinder Method2.2 AASHTO Standard:4Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges2.3 FAA Standard:5AC No. 150/53205B Advisory Circular, “AirportDrainage,” Department of Transportation, Federal Avia-tion Administration, 19703. Ter
19、minology3.1 General DefinitionsFor definitions of general termsused in this practice, refer to Terminology A902. For defini-tions of terms specific to this standard, refer to 3.2.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 arch, na pipe shape that is supported on footings anddoes not ha
20、ve a full metal invert.3.2.2 bedding, nthe earth or other material on which thepipe is laid, consisting of a thin layer of imported material ontop of the in situ foundation.3.2.3 deep corrugated plate, nstructural plate in Specifi-cation A761/A761M with a corrugation depth greater than 5 in.3.2.4 ha
21、unch, nthe portion of the pipe cross sectionbetween the maximum horizontal dimension and the top of thebedding.3.2.5 invert, nthe lowest portion of the pipe cross section;also, the bottom portion of the pipe.3.2.6 long span structures, nstructures with dimensionsexceeding those in subsection 5.2, sp
22、ecial shapes of any sizehaving a crown or side radius greater than 13.0 ft (4000 mm),or structures utilizing deep corrugated plate. Metal box culverts(rise/span 0.3) are not considered long-span structures and arediscussed in Specification A964/A964M.3.2.7 pipe, na conduit having a full circular sha
23、pe, or in ageneral context, all structure shapes covered by this practice.3.2.8 pipe-arch, na pipe shape consisting of an approxi-mate semi-circular top portion, small radius corners, and largeradius invert.4. Symbols4.1 The symbols used in this practice have the followingsignificance:A = required w
24、all area, in.2/ft mm2/mm(AL) = maximum highway design axle load, lbf NCl= longitudinal live load distribution factor for pipearchesd = depth of corrugation, in. mmE = modulus of elasticity = 29 by 106lbf/in.2200 by 103MPa(EL) = earth load, lbf/ft2kPa(FF) = flexibility factor, in./lbf mm Nfy= specifi
25、ed minimum yield strengthFor 6 by 2-in. 150 by 50-mm corrugationType 33 = 33 000 lbf/in.2225 MPaType 38 = 38 000 lbf/in.2260 MPaFor 15 by 512-in. 380 by 140-mm and 16 by 6in. 400 by 150-mmcorrugations = 44 000 lbf/in.2300 MPaFor 20 by 912-in. 500 by 237-mm corrugation = 42 000 lbf/in.2290 MPaFor all
26、 other corrugations = 33 000 lbf/in.2225 MPa=fu= specified minimum tensile strengthFor 6 by 2in. 150 by 50mm corrugationType 33 = 45 000 lbf/in.2310 MPaType 38 = 48 000 lbf/in.2330 MPaFor 15 by 1512-in. 380 by 140-mm, 16 by 6-in. 400 by 150-mmand 20 by 912-in. 500 by 237-mm corrugations = 55 000 lbf
27、/in.2380 MPaFor all other corrugations = 45 000 lbf/in.2310 MPa=fc= critical buckling stress, lbf/in.2MPah = height of cover, in. mm determined as fol-lows: (1) highwaysfrom top of pipe to top ofrigid pavement, or to top of subgrade forflexible pavement; (2) railwaystop of pipe tobottom of tieH = de
28、pth of fill above top of pipe, ft mHmin= minimum depth of fill, ft mHmax= maximum depth of fill, ft mI = moment of inertia of corrugated shape, in.4/in. mm4/mm (see Tables 2-35)(IL) = pressure from impact load, lbf/ft2kPak = soil stiffness factor = 0.22 for good side-fillmaterial compacted to 90 % o
29、f standard densitybased on Test Method D698L1,L2,L3= loaded lengths, in. mm defined in 18.3(LL) = pressure from live load, lbf/ft2kPaP = total design load or pressure, lbf/ft2kPaPc= corner pressure, lbf/ft2kPaPf= factored crown pressure, lbf/ft2kPar = radius of gyration of corrugation, in. mm (seeTa
30、bles 2-35)rc= corner radius of pipe-arch, in. mmRn= nominal resistance for each limit state, lbf/ft kN mRf= factored resistance for each limit state, lbf/ft kN mrl= radius at crown, in. mmS = pipe diameter or span, ft ms = pipe diameter or span, in. mm(SF) = safety factor(SS) = required seam strengt
31、h, lbf/ft kN mT = thrust in pipe wall, lbf/ft kN m4Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.5Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402. Pub
32、lication No. SN-050-007-00149-5.A796/A796M 15A2Tf= factored thrust in pipe wall, lbf/ft kN mw = unit force derived from 1 ft31 m3offillmaterial above the pipe, lbf/ft3kN m3.When actual fill material is not known, use 120lbf/ft319 kN/m3 = resistance factor5. Basis of Design5.1 The safety factors and
33、other specific quantitative recom-mendations herein represent generally accepted design prac-tice. The design engineer should, however, determine that theserecommendations meet particular project needs.5.2 This practice is not applicable for long-span structuresand deep corrugated plate structures o
34、f any geometry. Suchstructures require additional design considerations for both thepipe and the soil envelope. The design of long-span and deepcorrugated structures is described in the AASHTO LRFDBridge Design Specification. In addition to meeting all otherdesign requirements given herein, the maxi
35、mum diameters orspans for structures designed by this practice are as follows:Shape Maximum Diameter or Span, ft mmpipe, arch 26 7920 mmpipe-arch, underpass 21 6400 mm5.3 This practice is not applicable for pipe with a specifiedthickness less than 0.052 in. 1.32 mm for installations underrailways an
36、d airport runways.6. Loads6.1 The design load or pressure on a pipe is comprised ofearth load (EL), live load (LL), and impact load (IL). Theseloads are applied as a fluid pressure acting on the pipeperiphery.6.2 For steel pipe buried in a trench or in an embankment ona yielding foundation, loads ar
37、e defined as follows:6.2.1 The earth load (EL) is the weight of the column of soildirectly above the pipe:EL! 5 Hw (1)6.2.2 Live LoadsThe live load (LL) is that portion of theweight of vehicle, train, or aircraft moving over the pipe that isdistributed through the soil to the pipe.6.2.2.1 Live Loads
38、 Under HighwayLive load pressures forH20 highway loadings, including impact effects, are:Height of Cover, ft m Live Load, lbf/ft2kPa1 0.30 1800 86.22 0.61 800 38.33 0.91 600 28.74 1.22 400 19.25 1.52 250 12.06 1.83 200 9.67 2.13 175 8.48 2.44 100 4.8over 8 over 2.44 neglect 6.2.2.2 Live Loads Under
39、RailwaysLive load pressuresfor E80 railway loadings, including impact effects, are asfollows:Height of Cover, ft m Live Load, lbf/ft2kPa2 0.61 3800 181.95 1.52 2400 114.98 2.44 1600 76.610 3.05 1100 52.712 3.66 800 38.315 4.57 600 28.720 6.10 300 14.430 9.14 100 4.8over 30 over 9.14 neglect 6.2.2.3
40、Values for intermediate covers shall be interpolated.6.2.2.4 Live Loads Under Aircraft RunwaysBecause ofthe many different wheel configurations and weights, live loadpressures for aircraft vary. Such pressures must be determinedfor the specific aircrafts for which the installation is designed;see FA
41、A Standard AC No. 150/5320-5B.6.2.3 Impact LoadsLoads caused by the impact of movingtraffic are important only at low heights of cover. Their effectshave been included in the live load pressures in 6.2.2.7. Design Method7.1 Strength requirements for wall strength, bucklingstrength, and seam strength
42、 may be determined by either theallowable stress design (ASD) method presented in Section 8,or the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) methodpresented in Section 9. Additionally, the design considerationsin other paragraphs shall be followed for either design method.8. Design by ASD Method8.1 T
43、he thrust in the pipe wall shall be checked by threecriteria. Each considers the joint function of the steel pipe andthe surrounding soil envelope.8.1.1 Required Wall Area:8.1.1.1 Determine the design pressure and the ring compres-sion thrust in the steel pipe wall as follows:TABLE 1 Resistance Fact
44、ors for LRFD DesignType of Pipe Limit State Resistance Factor, Helical pipe with lock seam or fully welded seam Minimum wall area and buckling 1.00Annular pipe with spot-welded, riveted, or bolted seam Minimum wall area and buckling 1.00Minimum seam strength 0.67Structural plate pipe Minimum wall ar
45、ea and buckling 1.00Minimum seam strength 0.67A796/A796M 15A3P 5 EL1LL1IL (2)T 5PS2(3)8.1.1.2 Determine the required wall cross-sectional area.The safety factor (SF) on wall area is 2.A 5T SF!fy(4)Select from Table 2, Table 4, Table 6, Table 8, Table 10,Table 12, Table 14, Table 16, Table 18, Table
46、20, Table 22,Table 24, Table 26, Table 28, Table 30,orTable 32 Table 3,Table 5, Table 7, Table 9, Table 11, Table 13, Table 15, Table17, Table 19, Table 21, Table 23, Table 25, Table 27, Table 29,Table 31,orTable 33 a wall thickness equal to or greater thanthe required wall area (A).8.1.2 Critical B
47、uckling StressCheck section profile withthe required wall area for possible wall buckling. If the criticalbuckling stress fcis less than the minimum yield stress fy,recalculate the required wall area using fcinstead of fy.If s,rk24Efuthen fc5 fu2fu248ESksrD2(5)If s.rk24Efuthen fc512ESksrD2(6)8.1.3 R
48、equired Seam Strength:8.1.3.1 Since helical lockseam and welded-seam pipe haveno longitudinal seams, this criterion is not valid for these typesof pipe.8.1.3.2 For pipe fabricated with longitudinal seams (riveted,spot-welded, or bolted) the seam strength shall be sufficient todevelop the thrust in t
49、he pipe wall. The safety factor on seamstrength (SS) is 3.SS! 5 T SF! (7)8.1.3.3 Check the ultimate seam strengths shown in Table 4,Table 6,orTable 32 Table 5, Table 7,orTable 33. If therequired seam strength exceeds that shown for the steelthickness already chosen, use a heavier pipe whose seamstrength exceeds the required seam strength.9. Design by
