1、Designation: A798/A798M 13A798/A798M 17Standard Practice forInstalling Factory-Made Corrugated Steel Pipe for Sewersand Other Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A798/A798M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1
3、This practice covers procedures, soils, and soil placement for the proper installation of corrugated steel pipe and pipe-archesproduced to Specification A760/A760M or A762/A762M, in either trench or embankment installations. This practice also coversinstallation of corrugated steel pipe for alternat
4、ive uses that do not involve backfilling or soil-structure interaction.1.2 This practice covers procedures, soils, and soil placement for the proper installation of corrugated steel pipe and pipe-archesproduced to Specification A760/A760M or A762/A762M, in either trench or embankment installations.
5、A typical trenchinstallation and a typical embankment (projection) installation are shown in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively. The pipes described in thispractice are manufactured in a factory and furnished to the job in lengths ordinarily from 10 to 30 ft 3 to 9 m, with 20 ft 6 mbeing common, for field
6、joining. This practice applies to structures designed in accordance with Practice A796/A796M.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health prac
7、tices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.3 This specification is applicable to design in inch-pound units as A798 or in SI units as A798M. Inch-pound units and SIunits are not necessarily equivalent. SI units are shown in brackets in the text for clarity, but the
8、y are the applicable values whenthe installation is to be performed in accordance with A798M.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and en
9、vironmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standard
10、s, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A760/A760M Specification for Corrugated Steel Pipe, Metallic-Coated for Sewers and DrainsA762/A762M Specification for Corrugated Steel Pipe, Poly
11、mer Precoated for Sewers and DrainsA796/A796M Practice for Structural Design of Corrugated Steel Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and Arches for Storm and Sanitary Sewersand Other Buried ApplicationsA902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel ProductsA978/A978M Specification for Composite Ribbed Steel Pipe
12、, Precoated and Polyethylene Lined for Gravity Flow SanitarySewers, Storm Sewers, and Other Special ApplicationsA1019/A1019M Specification for Closed Rib Steel Pipe with Diameter of 36 in. 900 mm or Less, Polymer Precoated forSewers and Drains (Withdrawn 2012)3A1042/A1042M Specification for Composit
13、e Corrugated Steel Pipe for Sewers and Drains (Withdrawn 2015)31 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 on Metallic-Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A05.17on Corrugated Steel Pipe Specifications.Current edition approved May 1, 201
14、3Dec. 1, 2017. Published June 2013December 2017. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20072013 asA798/A798M - 07.A798/A798M - 13. DOI: 10.1520/A0798_A0798M-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm
15、.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
16、it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr
17、 Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)D1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by Sand-Cone MethodD2167 Test Method fo
18、r Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon MethodD2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)D2922 Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth) (Withdrawn 2007)3D2937
19、Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Drive-Cylinder Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology A902. For definition of termsspecific to this standard, refer to 3.2.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1
20、 bedding, nthe earth or other material on which a pipe is supported.3.2.2 haunch, nthe portion of the pipe cross section between the maximum horizontal dimension and the top of the bedding.3.2.3 invert, nthe lowest point on the pipe cross section; also, the bottom portion of a pipe.3.2.4 pipe, na co
21、nduit having full circular shape; also, in a general context, all structure shapes covered by this practice.3.2.5 pipe-arch, nan arch shape with an approximate semicircular crown, small-radius corners, and large-radius invert.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on w
22、ww.astm.org.FIG. 1 Typical Trench InstallationFIG. 2 Typical Embankment (Projection) InstallationA798/A798M 1724. Significance and Use4.1 Corrugated steel pipe functions structurally as a flexible ring which is supported by and interacts with the compactedsurrounding soil. The soil constructed aroun
23、d the pipe is thus an integral part of the structural “system.” It is therefore importantto ensure that the soil structure or backfill is made up of acceptable material and well-constructed. Field verification of soil structureacceptability using Test Methods D1556, D2167, D2922, or D2937, as applic
24、able, and comparing the results with Test MethodD698 in accordance with the specifications for each project is the most reliable basis for installation of an acceptable structure.The required density and method of measurement are not specified by this practice but must be established in the specific
25、ationsfor each project.4.2 Corrugated steel pipe structures are also occasionally used in alternative applications not requiring soil-structure interactionfor support. Depending on the application the structure may provide temporary or permanent support, confinement, concealment,shielding, or other
26、functions not related to soil-structure interaction. The nature of support required, design requirements, andproper sizing of the structure will be determined by a project design engineer and is not part of the scope of this standard.5. Trench Excavation5.1 To obtain anticipated structural performan
27、ce of corrugated steel pipe it is not necessary to control trench width beyond theminimum required for proper installation of pipe and backfill. However, the soil on each side beyond the excavated trench mustbe able to support anticipated loads. When a construction situation calls for a relatively w
28、ide trench, it may be made as wide asrequired, for its full depth if so desired. However, trench excavation must be in compliance with any local, state, and federal codesand safety regulations.6. Foundation6.1 The supporting soil beneath the pipe must provide a reasonably uniform resistance to the i
29、mposed load, both longitudinallyand laterally. Sharp variations in the foundation must be avoided. When rock is encountered, it must be excavated and replacedwith soil. If the pipe runs along a continuous rock foundation, it is necessary to provide a suitable soil bedding under the pipe. SeeFig. 3.6
30、.2 Lateral changes in foundation shall never be such that the pipe is firmly supported while the backfill alongside is not. Whensoft material is encountered and must be removed in order to maintain the pipe on grade during construction, it must be removedfor at least three pipe widths, unless the en
31、gineer has set another limit.6.3 Performance of buried pipe is enhanced by allowing the pipe to settle slightly under load compared to the columns of soilalongside. Thus, for larger pipes it can be beneficial to purposely create a foundation under the pipe itself which will yield underload more than
32、 will the foundation under the columns of soil to each side. It can usually be obtained by placing beneath theNOTE 1d = 12 in./ft 40 mm/m of fill over pipe, with a 24 in. 600 mm maximum.NOTE 2Section BB is applicable to all continuous rock foundations.FIG. 3 Foundation Transition Zones and Rock Foun
33、dationsA798/A798M 173structure a suitable-thickness layer of compressible soil, less densely compacted than the soil alongside. This creates “favorable”relative movement between pipe and the soil on each side. It is of particular importance on pipe-arches.6.4 Pipe-ArchesAll pipe-arch structures shal
34、l have excellent soil support at their corners by both the in-situ foundation andthe structural backfill. See Figs. 4 and 5. They do not require the same degree of support under their large-radius inverts.6.5 The engineer is encouraged to develop details specific to the site based on the general pri
35、nciples for foundation conditionsgiven in 6.1 through 6.4.7. Bedding7.1 .Material used for bedding beneath the pipe shall meet the requirements of this section. Material in contact with the pipeshall not contain rock retained on a 3-in. 75-mm ring, frozen lumps, chunks of highly plastic clay, organi
36、c matter, corrosivematerial, or other deleterious material. It is not required to shape the bedding to the pipe geometry. However, for pipe-arches, itis recommended to either shape the bedding to the relatively flat bottom arc or fine-grade the foundation to a slight v-shape. Thisavoids the problem
37、of trying to backfill the difficult area beneath the invert of pipe-arches. See Fig. 5.8. Pipe Installation8.1 All pipe shall be unloaded and handled with reasonable care. Pipe shall not be rolled or dragged over gravel or rock andshall be prevented from striking rock or other hard objects during pl
38、acement on bedding. Pipe with protective coatings shall behandled with special care to avoid damage. Paved inverts shall be placed and centered in the invert. Riveted pipe should beinstalled so that outside circumferential joints point upgrade.8.2 Joining Systems:8.2.1 Purpose of Joining SystemsJoin
39、ing systems for corrugated steel pipe serve several purposes: to maintain pipe alignmentduring installation; to join the ends of the pipe sections that will subsequently be buried; to create a continuous flow line; to limitthe amount of infiltration of backfill material into the pipe and to limit ex
40、filtration of the flow through the pipe line.8.2.2 Joining System ComponentsThe joining system shall be specified by the project engineer. It shall conform to therequirements of Specification A760/A760M. The pipe fabricator shall provide the components specified for the project or asdesignated by th
41、e fabricator in accordance with the Ordering Information section of Specification A760/A760M. Conformance ofthe joining system components with the project requirements shall be verified upon delivery to the project site.8.2.3 Joining System Installation The performance of the pipe line and the joini
42、ng system will be achieved only when allcomponents of the pipe system are properly installed. As an integral portion of the pipe system, the joining system must beassembled in accordance with the details in the project drawings or the recommendations provided by the pipe fabricator.8.2.3.1 GasketsIf
43、 gaskets are a required component of the joining system, they shall be placed on the pipe ends, at the requiredlocation on the pipe, prior to installation of the coupler or bands or prior to stabbing a bell and spigot joint. For joining systemsincorporating O-rings, the O-ring shall be placed on the
44、 spigot end of the pipe when the joint is a stab-type joining system, or oneshall be placed on the end of each pipe that forms a joining system that incorporates a coupling band. If the joining system includesa single flat gasket, the gasket shall be placed over the end of the pipe previously placed
45、 and then extended over the end of theadjacent pipe after it is positioned, such that approximately half the gasket width is on each pipe. Instead of a single flat gasket,two smaller gaskets may be used with one gasket placed on each end of the pipes forming the joint. For pipe supplied with a facto
46、ryNOTE 1W = D for round pipe, and W = width of flat bottom arc for pipe-arch.FIG. 4 Soft Foundation TreatmentA798/A798M 174installed band or coupler, no field installed gasket will be required on the pipe end with the factory installed device. Whenrecommended by the pipe manufacturer, lubricant shal
47、l be applied to the designated surfaces. Once installed, the gasket shall beprotected against damage until the joint is completely installed.8.2.3.2 Coupling BandsCoupling bands shall be placed on the end of the last pipe installed. When installing two part bands,the first portion of the band shall
48、be placed to cover the bottom portion of the pipe. When the subsequent pipe is placed theinstallation of the joining system is completed to ensure proper alignment of the pipeline. The width of the opening between pipeends shall be as recommended by the pipe fabricator. The band shall be tightened a
49、round the pipe ends to the extent necessary toachieve proper performance of the joining system. The band shall be placed over the pipe being joined in a manner that matchesany corrugations or dimples in the band with the corrugations in the pipe. Follow the pipe fabricators instructions and methodsfor tightening the bands.8.2.3.3 Sleeve Coupler and Bell and Spigot Joining SystemsIf a field installed sleeve coupler is utilized it shall be placed onthe end of the pipe previously placed.With a bell and spigot system, the first pipe is to be oriented
