1、Designation: A877/A877M 101Standard Specification forSteel Wire, Chromium-Silicon Alloy, Chrome-Silicon-Vanadium Alloy Valve Spring Quality1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A877/A877M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTETable 4 was editorially corrected in April 2012.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the h
3、ighest quality of roundand shaped chromium-silicon alloy steel valve spring wire,uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture ofvalve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue proper-ties when used at moderately elevated temperatures. It issimilar to the grade VD (referenced in
4、 EN 10270-2) intendedfor high fatigue levels. This wire shall be either in the annealedand cold-drawn or quenched and tempered condition as speci-fied by purchaser.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system m
5、ay not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA700 Pr
6、actices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Meth-ods for Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE45 Test Methods for Determining
7、 the Inclusion Content ofSteel2.2 European Standard:EN 10270-2 Steel Wire for Mechanical Springs Part 2:Oil-Hardened and Tempered Springsteel Wire of Unal-loyed and Alloyed Steels.33. Ordering Information3.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specifyall requirements that are necessar
8、y for material under thisspecification. Such requirements are permitted to include, butare not limited to the following:3.1.1 Quantity (mass),3.1.2 Name of material (chromium-silicon alloy steel valvespring quality wire),3.1.3 Dimensions (Table 1 and Section 8),3.1.4 Condition (Section 6),3.1.5 Pack
9、aging (Section 14),3.1.6 Heat analysis report, if requested (5.2),3.1.7 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Sec-tion 13), and3.1.8 ASTM designation and year of issue.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 20 000-kgquenched and tempered chromium-silicon alloy steel valve
10、 spring qualitywire, size 6.00 mm in 150-kg coils to A877/A877M dated _, or forinch-pound units, 40 000-lb quenched and tempered chromium-siliconalloy steel valve spring quality wire, size 0.250 in. in 350-lb coils toA877/A877M dated _ .4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The steel may be made by any co
11、mmercially acceptedsteel making process. The steel shall be continuously cast.4.2 The finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipeand undue segregation.5. Chemical Composition5.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemicalcomposition specified in Table 2.5.2 Heat AnalysisEach heat
12、of steel shall be analyzed bythe manufacturer to determine the percentage of elementsprescribed in Table 2. This analysis shall be made from a testspecimen preferably taken during the pouring of the heat.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and
13、 Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A877/A877M 05.DOI: 10.1520/A0877_A0877M-10.2For referenced ASTM standards
14、, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from European Committee for Standardization, rue di Stassart 36,B-1050 Brussels,
15、 Belgium.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.When requested, this shall be reported to the purchaser andshall conform to the requirements of Table 2.5.3 Pr
16、oduct AnalysisAn analysis may be made by thepurchaser from finished wire representing each heat of steel.The average of all the separate determinations made shall bewithin the limits specified in the analysis column. Individualdeterminations may vary to the extent shown in the productanalysis tolera
17、nce column, except that the several determina-tions of a single element in any one heat shall not vary bothabove and below the specified range.5.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A751 shall be used.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Annealed and Cold DrawnWhen purchased in the
18、annealed and cold-drawn condition, the wire shall have beengiven a sufficient amount of cold working to meet the purchas-ers coiling requirements and shall be in a suitable condition torespond properly to heat treatment. In special cases thehardness, if desired, shall be stated in the purchase order
19、.6.2 Quenched and TemperedWhen purchased in thequenched and tempered condition, the tensile strength and %R.A. shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 3and Table 4.6.2.1 Tensile Strength of Shaped and Flat Rolled WireTensile strength of shaped and flat rolled wires shall conform tothes
20、e tables based on the conversion to equivalent rounddimensions. Percent reduction of area is not applicable toshaped and flat rolled wires.NOTE 2Equivalent round definition: The cross sectional area ofnon-round wires converted to the round wire diameter.6.2.2 Tensile Strength VariationIn addition, t
21、he maximumtensile variation in a coil shall be 70 MPa 10.15 ksi.6.2.3 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a givenlot shall be tested.NOTE 3Any specimen breaking in the tensile grips shall be discardedand a new specimen teste
22、d if the specified mechanical properties are notachieved. If breakage in the tensile grips prevents conformance to percentreduction in area requirements, conformance to the wrap test (see 6.3)shall suffice.6.2.4 Location of TestsTest specimens shall be taken fromeither end of the coil.6.2.5 Test Met
23、hodThe tension test shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.6.3 Wrap Test:6.3.1 Round quenched and tempered or cold drawn wire4.00 mm 0.157 in. or smaller in diameter shall wrap on itselfas an arbor without breakage. Larger diameter wire up to andincluding 8.00 mm 0.315 in.
24、 in diameter shall wrap withoutbreakage on a mandrel twice the wire diameter. The wrap testis not applicable to wire over 8.00 mm 0.315 in. in diameteror to shaped and flat rolled wires.6.3.2 The high tensile chrome silicon vanadium grade ofquenched and tempered wire 4.00 mm 0.1575 in. or smallerin
25、diameter shall wrap on a mandrel twice the diameter withoutbreakage. Larger diameter wire up to and including 8.00 mm0.315 in. shall wrap without breakage on a mandrel threeTABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Wire DiameterASI UnitsDiameter, mm Permissible Varia-tions, 6mmPermissible Out-ofRound, mm0.5
26、 to 2.0, incl 0.02 0.02Over 2.0 to 4.0, incl 0.03 0.03Over 4.0 to 9.5, incl 0.04 0.04Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter, in. Permissible Varia-tions, 6 in.Permissible Out-ofRound, in.0.020 to 0.075, incl 0.0008 0.0008Over 0.075 to 0.148, incl 0.001 0.001Over 0.148 to 0.375, incl 0.0015 0.0015AFor purposes of
27、determining conformance with this specification, all specifiedlimits are absolute as defined in Recommended Practice E29.TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsAnalysis, %Grade AChromium-SiliconGrade BChromium-Silicon-VanadiumCarbon 0.510.59 0.55-0.70Manganese 0.500.80 0.50-0.80Phosphorus 0.025 max 0.025 maxS
28、ulfur 0.025 max 0.025 maxSilicon 1.201.60 1.20-1.65Chromium 0.600.80 0.50-0.80VanadiumA0.080.25ANot required.TABLE 3 Tensile and %RA RequirementsA(Chrome Silicon)SI UnitsDiameter,mmMPa,minMPa,maxMin% R.A.B0.5 2100 2280 b1.0 2070 2240 b1.5 2030 2210 b2.0 2000 2140 453.0 1930 2070 453.75 1900 2030 404
29、.5 1830 1970 405.0 1810 1950 405.7 1800 1930 406.3 1760 1900 407.9 1730 1860 409.5 1690 1830 40Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter,in.ksi,minksi,maxMin %R.A.B0.020 305 330 b0.040 300 325 b0.060 295 320 b0.080 290 310 450.120 280 300 450.148 275 295 400.177 265 285 400.200 263 283 400.225 260 280 400.250 255 27
30、5 400.312 250 270 400.375 245 265 40ATensile strength values for intermediate diameters may be interpolated.Bb % R.A. is not applicable to wire diameters under 2.0 mm .080 in.A877/A877M 1012times the wire diameter. The wrap test is not applicable to wireover 8.00 mm 0.315 in. in diameter or to shape
31、d and flatrolled wires.6.3.3 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a givenlot shall be tested.6.3.4 Location of TestsTest specimens shall be taken fromeither end of the coil.6.3.5 Test MethodThe wrap test shall be made in acco
32、r-dance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.6.4 Special Surface InspectionWhen specified, the entirelength of every coil shall be inspected for surface imperfectionswith a magnetic or eddy current defect analyzer, or both, orequivalent. The defect depth of this surface inspection shall beagreed u
33、pon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Alldetected defects shall be properly marked so the purchaser hasthe ability to identify and discard that length of wire.7. Metallurgical Requirements7.1 Surface Condition:7.1.1 The surface of the wire as received shall be free ofimperfections such as
34、pits, die marks, scratches, seams, andother defects tending to impair the fatigue value of the springs.7.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be takenfrom each end of every coil.7.1.3 Test MethodThe surface shall be examined afteretching in a solution of equal parts of hydrochloric acid andwat
35、er that has been heated to approximately 80C for up to 2min in order to remove the oxide scale layer from the wiresurface. Test ends shall be examined using 103 magnification.7.2 Decarburization:7.2.1 Transverse sections of the wire properly mounted,polished, and etched shall show no completely deca
36、rburized(carbon-free) areas when examined at a magnification of 100diameters. Partial decarburization shall not exceed a depth of0.025 mm 0.0010 in. on wire 5.00 mm 0.197 in. andsmaller, or 0.038 mm 0.0015 in. on larger than 5.00 mm0.197 in.7.2.2 To reveal the decarburization more accurately inuntem
37、pered wire, the specimen shall be hardened and temperedbefore microscopic examination. Prior to hardening, the speci-men shall be filed flat on one side enough to reduce thediameter at least 20 %. The subsequent mounted specimenshall show the flattened section, as well as the original wireedge. Any
38、decarburization on this flattened section shallnecessitate a new specimen for examination.7.2.3 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot.7.2.4 Location of TestsTest specimens may be taken fromeither end of the coil.7.3 Inclusion Content:7.3.1
39、The inclusion content of the wire or wire rod in theworst case shall not exceed the limits shown in Table 5 asdescribed in Test Methods E45, Plate I-r, Method D, except thatalternate methodologies are acceptable upon agreement be-tween purchaser and supplier provided minimum requirementsare not lowe
40、r than those of Test Methods E45, Method D.7.3.1.1 If any coil exceeds the limits listed in Table 5, allcoils in the lot will be inspected. Each coil that fails to meet therequirements will be rejected.7.3.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach 10 coils, or fraction thereof, in th
41、e lot.7.3.3 Location of TestsTest specimens may be taken fromeither end of the coil.7.3.4 Test MethodA longitudinal section approximately12.7 mm 0.5 in. long shall be ground to the centerline andproperly mounted and polished. Examination shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods E45.TABLE 4 Tensi
42、le and %RA RequirementsA(Chrome Silicon Vanadium)SI UnitsDiameter, mm MPa,minMPa,maxMin% R.A.B0.5 2200 2380 b1.0 2170 2340 b1.5 2140 2300 b2.0 2100 2240 403.0 2070 2200 403.75 2030 2170 354.5 2000 2140 355.0 1970 2100 355.7 1930 2070 356.3 1900 2030 357.9 1860 2000 359.5 1830 1970 35Inch-Pound Units
43、Diameter, mm ksi,minksi,maxMin% R.A.B0.020 320 345 b0.040 315 340 b0.060 310 335 b0.080 305 325 400.120 300 320 400.148 295 315 350.177 290 310 350.200 285 305 350.225 280 300 350.250 275 295 350.312 270 290 350.375 265 285 35ATensile strength values for intermediate diameters may be interpolated.Bb
44、 % R.A. is not applicable to wire diameters under 2.5 mm .098 in.TABLE 5 Maximum Inclusion ContentNOTE 1The surface zone is from the wire surface to13 radius deep. The core is the balance.Zone Inclusion TypeABCDThin Heavy Thin Heavy Thin Heavy Thin HeavySurface111111Core 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1A877/A877M 10
45、137.3.5 Upon agreement by the purchaser and supplier, theinclusion requirements may be waived.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1 The permissible variations in the diameter of the wireshall be as specified in Table 1. Any definition of shape wiretolerances shall be agreed upon by the manufac
46、turer and thepurchaser.8.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken fromeach end of every coil.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 Annealed and Cold DrawnThe wire shall not bekinked or improperly cast. To test for cast, a few convolutionsof wire shall be cut loose from the coil and plac
47、ed on a flatsurface. The wire shall lie substantially flat on itself and notspring up nor show a wavy condition.9.2 Quenched and TemperedThe wire shall be uniform inquality and temper and shall not be wavy or crooked.9.3 Each coil shall be one continuous length of wireproperly coiled and firmly tied
48、.9.4 No welds are permitted in the finished product and anywelds made during processing must be removed.10. Retests10.1 If any test specimen exhibits obvious defects it may bediscarded and another specimen substituted.11. Inspection11.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, th
49、e manufacturer is responsible for the performance ofall inspection and test requirements specified in this specifica-tion. Except as otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer may use his own or any other suitablefacilities for the performance of the inspection and testrequirements unless disapproved by the purchaser at the timethe order is placed. The purchaser shall have the right toperform any of the inspections and tests set forth in thisspecification when such inspection
