1、Designation: A 928/A 928M 09Standard Specification forFerritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe ElectricFusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 928/A 928M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original
2、adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers electric-fusion-welded steelpipe suitable
3、 for corrosive service.NOTE 1The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) hasbeen substituted in this specification for traditional terms such as nominaldiameter, size, and nominal size.1.2 This specification covers grades of ferritic/austeniticsteel as indicated in Table 1. The selection of
4、 the proper alloyand requirements for heat treatment shall be at the discretion ofthe purchaser, dependent on the service conditions to beencountered.1.3 Five classes of pipe are covered as follows:1.3.1 Class 1Pipe shall be double welded by processesusing filler metal in all passes and shall be rad
5、iographedcompletely.1.3.2 Class 2Pipe shall be double welded by processesusing filler metal in all passes. No radiograph is required.1.3.3 Class 3Pipe shall be single welded by processesusing filler metal in all passes and shall be radiographedcompletely.1.3.4 Class 4Same as Class 3, except that the
6、 weld passexposed to the inside pipe surface is permitted to be madewithout the addition of filler metal (see 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2).1.3.5 Class 5Pipe shall be double welded by processesusing filler metal in all passes and shall be spot radiographed.1.4 Supplementary requirements covering provisions r
7、ang-ing from additional testing to formalized procedures formanufacturing practice are provided. Supplementary Require-ments S1 through S4 are included as options to be specified inthe purchase order when desired.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separate
8、ly as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation. The inch-pound unit
9、s shall apply unless the M desig-nation of the specification is specified in the order.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 240/A 240M Specification for Chromium andChromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Stripfor Pressure Vessels and for General ApplicationsA 480/A 480M Specificat
10、ion for General Requirements forFlat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate,Sheet, and StripA 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysA 999/A 999M Specification for General Requirements forAlloy and Stainless Steel PipeE 426 Practice for Electroma
11、gnetic (Eddy-Current) Exami-nation of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austen-itic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:3Section III, Nuclear VesselsSection VIII, Unfired Pressure VesselsSection IX, Welding Qualifications2.3 AWS Specifications:4A 5.4 Corros
12、ion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Covered Welding ElectrodesA 5.9 Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Welding Rods and Bare ElectrodesA 5.11 Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Covered Welding Elec-trodesA 5.14 Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Bare Welding Rods andElectrodesA 5.22 Flux
13、Cored Corrosion-Resisting Chromium andChromium-Nickel Steel Electrodes1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products.Current edition a
14、pproved Aug. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A 928/A 928M 08a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume inf
15、ormation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.4Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,M
16、iami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.A 5.30 Consumable Weld Inserts for Gas Tungsten ArcWelding3. Terminology3.1 Definitio
17、ns:3.1.1 The definitions in Specification A 999/A 999M andTerminology A 941 are applicable to this specification.4. Ordering Information4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specifyall requirements that are necessary for product under thisspecification. Such requirements to be consi
18、dered include, butare not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),4.1.2 Name of material (electric-fusion-welded pipe),4.1.3 Grade (see Table 1),4.1.4 Class (see 1.3),4.1.5 Size (outside diameter and nominal wall thickness),4.1.6 Length (specific or random),4.1.
19、7 End finish (section on ends of Specification A 999/A 999M),4.1.8 Authorization for repair of plate defects by weldingand subsequent heat treatment without prior approval, if such isintended (see 13.3),4.1.9 Specification designation,4.1.10 Special requirements,4.1.11 Statement invoking requirement
20、s of 13.4, if such isintended,4.1.12 Circumferential weld permissibility (see Section 17),4.1.13 Supplementary Requirements (S1 through S4),4.1.14 Applicable ASME Code, if known,4.1.15 For ASME Code Section III applications, the serviceclassification intended, and4.1.16 Certification requirements (s
21、ee section on certifica-tion of Specification A 999/A 999M).5. General Requirements5.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform tothe applicable requirements of the current edition of Specifi-cation A 999/A 999M unless otherwise provided herein.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Materials
22、The steel plate material shall conform to therequirements of one of the grades of Specification A 240/A 240M, listed in Table 1.6.2 Welding:6.2.1 The joints shall be full penetration double-welded orsingle-welded butt joints using fusion welding processes asdefined under Definitions, ASME Boiler and
23、 Pressure VesselCode, Section IX. This specification makes no provision forany difference in weld quality requirements, regardless of theweld joint type used (single or double) in making the weld.Where backing rings or strips are used, the ring or stripmaterial shall be of the same P-Number (Table Q
24、W-422 ofSection IX) as the plate being joined. Backing rings or stripsshall be removed completely after welding, prior to anyrequired radiography, and the exposed weld surface shall beexamined visually for conformance to the requirements of6.2.3. Welds made by procedures using backing strips or ring
25、sthat remain in place are prohibited. Welding procedures andwelding operators shall be qualified in accordance with theASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX.6.2.2 Except as provided in 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2, welds shallbe made in their entirety by processes involving the depositionof filler
26、 metal.6.2.2.1 For Class 4 pipe using multiple passes, it is permit-ted to make the root-pass without the addition of filler metal.6.2.2.2 For Class 4 pipe, it is permitted that the weld surfaceexposed inside the pipe be the result from a single pass madefrom the inside of the pipe without the addit
27、ion of filler metal.6.2.2.3 All single-welded pipe shall be radiographed com-pletely.6.2.3 The weld surface on either side of the weld may beflush with the base plate or may have a reasonably uniformcrown, not to exceed18 in. 3 mm. It is permitted to removeany weld reinforcement, at the option of th
28、e manufacturer or byagreement between the manufacturer and purchaser. The con-tour of the reinforcement shall be reasonably smooth and freeof irregularities. The deposited metal shall be fused uniformlyinto the plate surface. No concavity of contour is permittedunless the resulting thickness of weld
29、 metal is equal to orgreater than the minimum thickness of the adjacent base metal.6.2.4 Weld defects shall be repaired by removal to soundmetal and rewelding. Subsequent heat treatment and examina-tion (that is, visual, radiographic, and dye penetrant) shall be asrequired on the original welds.6.3
30、Heat Treatment:6.3.1 Unless otherwise stated in the order, heat treatmentshall be performed after welding and in accordance with therequirements of Table 2.6.3.2 If the purchaser desires pipe without heat treatmentsubsequent to welding, the purchase order shall specify thefollowing condition:6.3.2.1
31、 No final heat treatment of pipe fabricated of platethat has been heat treated as required by Table 2 for theparticular grade. Each pipe supplied under this requirementshall be stenciled with the suffix “HT-O.”7. Chemical Composition7.1 The chemical composition of the plate shall conform tothe requi
32、rements of the applicable specification and gradelisted in Table 1.7.2 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, thechemical composition of the welding material shall conform tothe requirements of the applicable AWS specification for thecorresponding grade given in Table 1 or shall conform t
33、o thechemical composition specified for the plate, or shall, subjectto purchaser approval, be a filler metal more highly alloyedthan the base metal when needed for corrosion resistance orother properties. Use of a filler metal other than that listed inTable 1 or conforming to the chemical compositio
34、n specifiedfor the plate shall be reported and the filler metal identified onthe certificate of tests. When nitrogen is a specified element forthe ordered grade, the method of analysis shall be a matter ofagreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.A 928/A 928M 0928. Heat Analysis8.1 The ch
35、emical analysis of the steel shall be determinedby the plate manufacturer and shall conform to the require-ments for the particular grade as prescribed in SpecificationA 240/A 240M.9. Product Analysis9.1 At the request of the purchasers inspector, an analysisof one length of flat-rolled stock from e
36、ach heat, or from basemetal and weld deposit from two pipes from each lot, shall bemade by the manufacturer. A lot of pipe shall consist of thefollowing number of lengths of the same size and wallthickness from any one heat of steel:NPS Designator Lengths of Pipe in LotUnder 2 400 or fraction thereo
37、f2 to 5, incl 200 or fraction thereof6 and over 100 or fraction thereof9.2 The results of these analyses shall be reported to thepurchaser or the purchasers representative and shall conformto the requirements specified in Section 7, subject to theproduct analysis tolerances of Table 1 in Specificati
38、on A 480/A 480M.9.3 If the analysis of one of the tests specified in 8.1 or 9.1does not conform to the requirements specified in Section 7,itis permitted to obtain an analysis of the base metal and welddeposit of each pipe from the same heat or lot, and all pipeconforming to the requirements shall b
39、e accepted.10. Tensile Requirements10.1 The plate used in making the pipe shall conform to therequirements as to tensile properties of the applicable specifi-cations listed in Table 1. Tension tests made by the platemanufacturer shall qualify the plate material.10.2 The transverse tension test taken
40、 across the weldedjoint specimen shall have a tensile strength not less than thespecified minimum tensile strength of the plate.11. Permissible Variations of Dimensions for Thin-WallPipe11.1 For thin-wall pipe, defined as pipe having a wallthickness of 3 % or less of the specified outside diameter,
41、thediameter tolerance, as listed in Specification A 999/A 999M,shall apply only to the mean of the extreme (maximum andminimum) outside diameter readings in any one cross section.11.2 For thin-wall pipe, the difference in extreme outsidereadings (called the ovality) in any one section shall not exce
42、edtwice the permissible variations in outside diameter for thespecified diameter as listed in Specification A 999/A 999M.TABLE 1 Pipe and Filler Metal SpecificationsUNSDesignationGradeAASTM PlateSpecification No.and GradeA5.4 A5.9 A5.11 A5.14 A5.22 A5.30Class UNS Class UNS Class UNS Class UNS Class
43、UNS Class UNSS31200 . . . A 240 S31200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S31260 . . . A 240 S31260 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S31500 . . . A 240 S31500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44、 . .S31803 . . . A 240 S31803 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S32003 . . . A 240 S32003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S32202 A 240 S32202 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S32205 2205
45、 A 240 S32205 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S32304 2304 A 240 S32304 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S32506 . . . A 240 S32506 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S32550 255 A 240 S3255
46、0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S32750 2507 A 240 S32750 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S32900 329BA240type329 . . . . . . . . . . . .S32950 . . . A 240 S32950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47、 . . . . . .S32760 . . . A 240 S32760 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S32520 . . . A 240 S32520 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AExcept as indicated, common name, not a trademark, widely used, not associated with any one p
48、roducer.BA grade designation originally assigned by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI).TABLE 2 Heat TreatmentUNSDesignationGradeATemperature, F C QuenchS31200 . . . 19202010 10501100 rapid cooling in waterS31260 . . . 18702010 10201100 rapid cooling in waterS31500 . . . 18001900 9801040 ra
49、pid cooling in air or waterS31803 . . . 18702010 10201100 rapid cooling in air or waterS32003 . . . 18502010 10101100 rapid cooling in air or waterS32202 18701975 10201080 rapid cooling in air or waterS32205 2205 18702010 10201100 rapid cooling in air or waterS32304 2304 17001920 9251050 rapid cooling in air or waterS32506 . . . 18702050 10201120 rapid cooling in air or waterS32550 255 1900 1040, min rapid cooling in air or waterS32750 2507 18802060 10251125 rapid cooling in air or waterS32900 329B17001750 925955 rapid
