1、Designation: A 949/A 949M 01 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Specification forSpray-Formed Seamless Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless SteelPipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 949/A 949M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers spray-formed seamless ferritic/austenitic stainless steel pipe
3、intended for general corrosiveservice, with particular emphasis on resistance to stress corro-sion cracking. These steels are susceptible to embrittlement ifused for prolonged periods at elevated temperatures.1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided forpipe where a greater degree of test
4、ing is desired. Thesesupplementary requirements call for additional tests to be madeand when desired, one or more of these may be specified in theorder.1.3 Appendix X1 of this specification lists the dimensions ofseamless stainless steel pipe as shown in ANSI B 36.19. Pipehaving other dimensions may
5、 be furnished provided such pipecomplies with all other requirements of this specification.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivale
6、nts; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”designation of this specification is specified in the order.NOTE 1The dimensionless designator
7、 NPS (nominal pipe size) hasbeen substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominaldiameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.”2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 450/A 450M Specification for General Requirements forCarbon, Ferritic Alloy, and Austenitic Alloy Steel TubesA 941 Te
8、rminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysA 999/A 999M Specification for General Requirements forAlloy and Stainless Steel PipeE 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,Blooms, and ForgingsE 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)2.2 ANSI/AS
9、ME Standards:B 1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose3B 36.10M-1995 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe3B 36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe2.3 Other Standard:SAE J1086 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys(UNS)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, ref
10、erto Terminology A 941.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 spray-formeddenotes the fabrication of differentshapes of a metallic material by deposition of a spray,consisting of droplets, solid particles, and particles that arepartially solid, onto a moving substrate.3.2.1.1 Discu
11、ssionThe spray is produced by gas atomiza-tion of the liquid metal or alloy. On impingement with thesubstrate, the species of the spray consolidate and solidifycompletely to produce a product that is essentially free ofporosity. The metallurgical characteristics of the spray-formedproduct are contro
12、lled primarily by the thermal condition of thespray, and that of the surface of the metallic deposit formed onthe substrate.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following, as required, to describe the desiredmaterial adequately:4.1.1 Quantity (fee
13、t, metres, or number of lengths),4.1.2 Name of material (ferritic/austenitic steel pipe),4.1.3 Grade (Table 1),4.1.4 Size (NPS designator or outside diameter and sched-ule number of average wall thickness, or other),1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainle
14、ss Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as A 949/A 949M 01.2For referenced ASTM
15、 standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th
16、Floor, New York, NY 10036.4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.5 Length (specific or random) (Section 10),4.1.6 End
17、finish (section on Ends of Specification A 999/A 999M),4.1.7 Optional requirements (Section 9), SupplementaryRequirements S1 to S4,4.1.8 Test report required (section on Certification of Speci-fication A 999/A 999M),4.1.9 Specification designation, and4.1.10 Special requirements or exceptions to the
18、 specifica-tion.5. General Requirements5.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the applicable requirements of the current edition ofSpecification A 999/A 999M unless otherwise provided herein.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 MeltingThe steel shall be made by the electric-fur
19、nace process or other primary processes approved by thepurchaser.6.2 Pipe Manufacture:6.2.1 The pipe shall be made by the spray forming processusing the melt from the primary melting as noted in 7.1.6.2.2 The pipe shall be made by spraying the melt on to athin-walled collector tube. The as spray for
20、med tube shall bemachined on both the inner and outer surfaces. The remainingmetal shall be homogeneous, sound, and meet the requirementsof Section 11.6.2.3 Unless specified by the purchaser, pipe may be fur-nished as spray formed or as spray-formed and cold-finished.6.2.4 All pipe shall be furnishe
21、d in the heat-treated condi-tion as shown in Table 1.6.2.5 All pipe shall be furnished in the descaled conditionand be free of contaminating iron particles. Pickling, blastingor surface finishing is not mandatory when pipe is brightannealed. The purchaser may request that a passivating treat-ment be
22、 applied.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements asprescribed in Table 2.8. Product Analysis8.1 At the request of the purchaser, an analysis of two pipesfrom each lot shall be made by the manufacturer. A lot of pipeshall consist of the following number of leng
23、ths of the samesize and wall thickness from any one heat of stainless steel:NPS Designator Lengths of Pipe in LotUnder 2 400 or fraction thereof2 to 5, incl 200 or fraction thereof6 and over 100 or fraction thereof8.2 The results of these analyses shall be reported to thepurchaser or the purchasers
24、representative, and shall conformto the requirements specified in Section 5.8.3 If the analysis of one of the tests specified in 8.1 doesnot conform to the requirements specified in Section 5,ananalysis of each pipe from the same heat or lot may be made,and all pipes conforming to the requirements s
25、hall be accepted.9. Tensile and Hardness Properties9.1 The material shall conform to the tensile and hardnessproperties prescribed in Table 3.10. Lengths10.1 Pipe lengths shall be in accordance with the followingregular practice:10.1.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon, all sizes from NPS18to and includi
26、ng NPS 8 are available in a length up to 24 ft(Note 2) with the permissible range of 15 to 24 ft (Note 2).Short lengths are acceptable and the number and minimumlength shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and thepurchaser.NOTE 2This value applies when the inch-pound designation of thisspeci
27、fication is the basis of purchase. When the “M” designation of thisspecification is the basis of purchase, the corresponding metric value(s)shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.10.1.2 If definite cut lengths are desired, the lengths re-quired shall be specified in the orde
28、r. No pipe shall be less thanthe specified length and no more than14 in. 6 mm over it.TABLE 1 Heat TreatmentUNSDesignation Temperature QuenchS31803 18702010F 10201100C rapid cooling in air or waterS31500 18001900F 9801040C rapid cooling in air or waterS31200 19202010F 10501100C rapid cooling in wate
29、rS32550 1900F 1040C min rapid cooling in air or waterS31260 18702010F 10201100C rapid cooling in waterS32304 17001920F 9251050C rapid cooling in air or waterS32750 18802060F 10251125C rapid cooling in air or waterS32900 17001750F 925955C rapid cooling in air or waterS32950 18201880F 9951025C air coo
30、lTABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsUNSDesignationAC Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo N Cu OthersS31803 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.030 max 0.020 max 1.00 max 4.56.5 21.023.0 2.53.5 0.080.20 . . .S31500 0.030 max 1.202.00 0.030 max 0.030 max 1.402.00 4.35.2 18.019.0 2.503.00 0.050.10 . . .S32550 0.040 max 1.50 max 0.040 max 0
31、.030 max 1.00 max 4.56.5 24.027.0 2.93.9 0.100.25 1.502.50S31200 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 max 5.56.5 24.026.0 1.202.00 0.140.20 . . .S31260 0.030 max 1.00 max 0.030 max 0.030 max 0.75 max 5.57.5 24.026.0 2.53.5 0.100.30 0.200.80 W 0.100.50S32304 0.030 max 2.50 max 0.040 max 0.040
32、max 1.00 max 3.05.5 21.524.5 0.050.60 0.050.20 0.050.60S32750 0.030 max 1.20 max 0.035 max 0.020 max 0.80 max 6.08.0 24.026.0 3.05.0 0.240.32 0.50 max . . .S32900 0.08 max 1.00 max 0.040 max 0.030 max 0.75 max 2.55.0 23.028.0 1.002.00 . . . . . . . . .S32950 0.03 max 2.00 max 0.035 max 0.010 max 0.6
33、0 max 3.55.2 26.029.0 1.002.50 0.150.35 . . .ANew designation established in accordance with Practice E 527 and SAE J1086.A 949/A 949M 01 (2005)211. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance11.1 The finished pipes shall be reasonably straight andshall have a workmanlike finish. Imperfections may be re-mov
34、ed by grinding, provided the wall thicknesses are notdecreased to less than that permitted, in the PermissibleVariations in Wall Thickness Section of Specification A 999/A 999M.12. Mechanical Tests Required12.1 Transverse or Longitudinal Tension TestOne tensiontest shall be made on a specimen for lo
35、ts of not more than 100pipes. Tension tests shall be made on specimens from two pipesfor lots of more than 100 pipes.NOTE 3The term “lot,” for mechanical tests, applies to all pipe of thesame nominal size and wall thickness (or schedule) that is produced fromthe same heat of steel and subjected to t
36、he same finishing treatment: (1)ina continuous heat-treatment furnace, or (2) in a batch-type heat-treatmentfurnace, equipped with recording pyrometers and automatically controlledwithin a 50F 30C range, the larger of: (a) each 200 ft 60 m or fractionthereof or, (b) that pipe heat treated in the sam
37、e batch furnace charge.12.2 Flattening TestFor material heat treated in a batch-type furnace, flattening tests shall be made on 5 % of the pipefrom each heat-treated lot. For material heat treated by thecontinuous process, this test shall be made on a sufficientnumber of pipes to constitute 5 % of t
38、he lot, but in no case lessthan two lengths of pipe.12.3 Hydrostatic TestEach length of finished pipe shall besubjected to the hydrostatic test.12.3.1 The hydrostatic test shall be in accordance withSpecification A 999/A 999M. When making the calculations inthe Hydrostatic Test Requirements Section
39、of SpecificationA 999/A 999M,anS value 50 % of the specified minimumyield strength shall be used.12.3.2 When specified by the purchaser, a nondestructiveelectric test in accordance with Specification A 450/A 450Mmay be used instead of, or in addition to, the hydrostatic test.13. Product Marking13.1
40、In addition to the marking specified in SpecificationA 999/A 999M, all marking shall include the manufacturersprivate identifying mark and be given the designator, CF, whencold finished. If specified in the purchase order, the marking forpipe larger than NPS 4 shall include the weight.14. Keywords14
41、.1 austenitic/ferritic; pipe; spray-formed; stainlessSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in thepurchase order. The purchaser may specify a different frequency of test or analysis than is providedin the supplementary requir
42、ement. Subject to agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer,retest and retreatment provisions of these supplementary requirements may also be modified.S1. Product AnalysisS1.1 For all pipe over NPS 5 there shall be one productanalysis made of a representative sample from one piece foreach ten
43、 lengths or fraction thereof from each heat of steel.S1.2 For pipe smaller than NPS 5 there shall be one productanalysis made from ten lengths per heat of steel or from 10 %of the number of lengths per heat of steel, whichever numberis smaller.S1.3 Individual lengths failing to conform to the chemic
44、alrequirements specified in Section 5 shall be rejected.S2. Transverse Tension TestsS2.1 There shall be one transverse tension test made fromone end of 10 % of the lengths furnished per heat of steel. Thisapplies only to pipe over NPS 8.S2.2 If a specimen from any length fails to conform to thetensi
45、le properties specified that length shall be rejected.S3. Flattening TestS3.1 The flattening test of Specification A 999/A 999Mshall be made on a specimen from one end or both ends of eachpipe. Crop ends may be used. If this supplementary require-ment is specified, the number of tests per pipe shall
46、 also bespecified. If a specimen from any length fails because of lackof ductility prior to satisfactory completion of the first step ofthe flattening test requirement, that pipe shall be rejectedsubject to retreatment in accordance with Specification A 999/A 999M and satisfactory retest. If a speci
47、men from any lengthof pipe fails because of a lack of soundness that length shall berejected, unless subsequent retesting indicates that the remain-ing length is sound.S4. Etching TestsS4.1 The steel shall be homogeneous as shown by etchingtests conducted in accordance with the appropriate portions
48、ofMethod E 381. Etching tests shall be made on a cross sectionTABLE 3 Tensile and Hardness RequirementsUNSDesignationTensileStrengthmin,ksi MPaYieldStrengthmin,ksi MPaElongationin 2 in. or50 mmmin,%Hardness, maxBrinell Rockwell CS31803 90 620 65 450 25 290 30.5S31500 92 635 64 440 30 290 30.5S31200
49、110 760 80 550 15 297 31.5S32550 100 690 65 450 25 280 . . .S31260 100 690 65 450 25 . . . . . .S32304 87 600 58 400 25 290 30.5S32750 116 800 80 550 15 310 32S32900 90 620 70 485 20 271 28S32950 90 620 70 485 20 290 30.5A 949/A 949M 01 (2005)3from one end or both ends of each pipe and shall show soundand reasonably uniform material free of injurious laminations,cracks, and similar objectionable defects. If this supplementaryreq
