1、Designation: A959 16Standard Guide forSpecifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions forWrought Stainless Steels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A959; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This guide provides a guide to ASTM SubcommitteesA01.06, A01.10, A01.17, A01.22, and A01.28 for specifyingchemical
3、 composition limits of wrought stainless steels. It isintended that these recommended grade composition limits besuitable for adoption by other standardization bodies thatprepare standards for stainless steel products.1.2 Included in this guide are the recommendations fordetermining the number of si
4、gnificant figures for specifyingchemical composition from Test Methods, Practices, and Ter-minology A751.1.3 All stainless steel UNS numbers and the stainless steelgrades in all standards overseen by the aforementioned ASTMsubcommittees have been included, except those grades appli-cable to restrict
5、ed special end uses and alloys containing lessthan 10.5 % minimum chromium.1.4 Not addressed are minor composition modificationswhich a specific product subcommittee may find necessary toaccommodate effects of normal processing or to enhancefabricability by the producer or user, or both.1.5 Also not
6、 generally addressed (except when establishedbyASTM product subcommittees) is a complete rationalizationof all limits, especially when such would conflict with long-standing practices and is not justified by special technicaleffect.1.6 Excluded from this guide are cast material and weldingfiller met
7、al.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsE527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in theUnified Numbering System (UNS)2.2 SAE Standards:3J 1086 Recommended Practice for Numbering Metals andAlloysHS-1086 M
8、etals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering Sys-tem3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 austenitic grade, nmetallurgical term meaning thatthe material is usually predominantly face-centered cubic instructure and hardenable only by cold working.3.1.2 austenitic-ferriti
9、c (duplex) grade, nmetallurgicalterm meaning that the material is a mixture of austenitic andferritic structures, with at least one-fourth of the lesser phase,and hardenable only by cold working.3.1.3 ferritic grade, nmetallurgical term meaning that thematerial is body-centered cubic in structure (w
10、ith little, if any,tempered martensite) and hardenable only slightly by coldworking (responding little or only slightly to conventional heattreatment by quenching and tempering).3.1.4 martensitic grade, nmetallurgical term meaning thatthe material is capable of being produced in a distortedbody-cent
11、ered cubic structure by conventional heat treatingand quenching, and that the quenched structure is capable ofconventional tempering. Martensitic grades are delivered in theannealed (ferritic) condition or the hardened and tempered(martensitic) condition.3.1.5 precipitation hardening grade, nmetallu
12、rgical termmeaning that the material may be basically austenitic ormartensitic in structure and hardenable by precipitation hard-ening (sometimes called age hardening).3.1.6 standard stainless steel grade, nlisted chemicalcomposition associated with a stainless steel grade identifiedby a particular
13、UNS number appearing in SAE publicationHS-1086, except as modified by an ASTM subcommittee1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.17 on Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel.Current e
14、dition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A959 11. DOI:10.1520/A0959-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
15、Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Inter
16、national, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1having oversight of a wrought stainless steel product wheresuch a modification is justified by a specific technical effect.4. Significance and Use4.1 It is anticipated that the ASTM Subcommittees A01.06,A01
17、.10, A01.17, A01.22, and A01.28 will use the standardcomposition limits listed in this guide for the grades identifiedby the corresponding UNS designation in the product specifi-cation unless there is a specific technical justification for doingotherwise. The compositions in this guide shall not be
18、consid-ered as chemical requirements for any particular product untiladopted by the subcommittee overseeing that product.4.2 Assuming that uniform compositions among the manyproduct standards for stainless steel are desirable, the compo-sition limits provided in this standard are to be used as guide
19、sin determining limits for each of the elements included in thetotal composition of each grade. The composition limits havebeen established with the intent that each product subcommit-tee will find it necessary to require only a minimum number ofchanges to reflect specific technical effects. Section
20、 5 lists thegeneral guidelines followed for determining the limits for eachelement; the limits established in this guide are based on theseguidelines.4.3 Not included in this standard stainless steel gradeharmonization effort is an attempt to unify stainless steelcompositions in ASTM product standar
21、ds by any means otherthan recognizing current industry practices.5. General Guidelines Used for Determining CompositionLimits5.1 CarbonIt is recommended that limits be to only twodecimal places for levels of 0.04 % and higher because it is notnecessary to control to such precision at levels above 0.
22、04 %.(It should be recognized that limits such as 0.045 % maximummay also be simply stated as 0.04 % maximum.) It is alsorecommended that three decimal places be used at levels of0.030 % and lower, unless, for example, it is clearly recognizedthat 0.03 % maximum means that 0.035 % is satisfactory.5.
23、2 ManganeseExcept for the Cr-Ni-Mn grades(S2XXXX), it is recommended that limits of 2 % maximumand 1 % maximum be used for the austenitic and other gradesrespectively, except for the free machining grades with highsulfur or selenium, or when necessary to promote nitrogensolubility.5.3 PhosphorusIt i
24、s recommended that 0.045 % maxi-mum be applied to austenitic grades, and 0.040 % maximum toother grades unless the sponsoring producer recommends alower limit for specific technical effect. Exceptionsome ofthe Cr-Ni-Mn austenitic grades have always been produced to0.060 % maximum.5.4 SulfurIt is rec
25、ommended that 0.030 % maximum beapplied to all grades except the free-machining grades unlesslower limits have been required for specific technical effects.5.5 SiliconPast practice has been to establish 0.75 %maximum for tubular related products such as flat rolled andtubulars, and 1.00 % maximum fo
26、r long products and forgings.For grades produced both as long and flat-rolled products, 1 %maximum was chosen since it will also include productsmelted to lower limits. Use of lower or higher limits should bebased on specific technical effect.5.6 ChromiumA composition spread of 2 % is recom-mended;
27、existing broader limits were not reduced to less thana 3 % spread.5.7 NickelIt is recommended that the composition spreadnot exceed 3 % unless a broader (generally higher) spread isjustified by specific technical effect.5.8 MolybdenumIt is recommended that the compositionspread not exceed 1 %, unles
28、s a broader range is justified byspecific technical effect. Molybdenum limits having only amaximum limit but no minimum should not be used unlessjustified by specific technical effect.5.9 NitrogenIt is recommended that nitrogen limits havingonly a maximum limit but no minimum should not be usedunles
29、s justified by specific technical effect.5.10 CopperIt is recommended that copper limits havingonly a maximum limit but no minimum should not be usedunless justified by specific technical effect.5.11 Columbium and TantalumExcept for special applica-tions requiring positive identification of tantalum
30、, it is recom-mended that prior listings of these two elements together belimited to listing only columbium. The words “columbium”and “niobium” refer to the same element.6. Harmonized Standard Grade Stainless SteelCompositions6.1 The harmonized composition limits are shown in Table1, grouped by meta
31、llurgical classification, that is, austenitic,austenitic-ferritic, and so forth. Within those groups, grades arelisted by UNS designation, in numerical order.6.2 Unless adopted by the appropriate product subcommit-tee in a product standard, the compositions described in thisguide shall not be used f
32、or specifying an ASTM product.7. Keywords7.1 austenitic stainless steels; austenitic-ferritic or ferritic-austenitic stainless steels; duplex stainless steels; ferritic stain-less steels; harmonized stainless steel compositions; marten-sitic stainless steels; precipitation hardening stainless steels
33、;standard stainless steel grade compositionsA959 162TABLE1ChemicalCompositionLimits,%AUNSDesignationBTypeCCarbonManganesePhosphorusSulfurSiliconChromiumNickleMolybdenumNitrogenCopperOtherElementsAusteniticGradesS1680016-8-2HD0.050.102.000.0450.0301.0014.516.57.59.51.502.00.S201002010.155.57.50.0600.
34、0301.0016.018.03.55.5.0.25.S20103201L0.035.57.50.0450.0301.0016.018.03.55.5.0.25.S20153201LND0.036.47.50.0450.0151.0016.017.54.05.0.0.100.251.00.S20161.0.154.06.00.0450.0303.04.015.018.04.06.0.0.080.20.S20162.0.154.08.00.0400.0402.54.516.521.06.010.00.502.500.050.25.S202002020.157.510.00.0600.0301.0
35、017.019.04.06.0.0.25.S20300XM-1E0.085.06.50.0450.180.351.0016.018.05.06.5.1.752.2.S20400.0.0307.09.00.0450.0301.0015.017.01.503.00.0.150.30.S20430.0.156.59.00.0600.0301.0015.517.51.503.50.0.050.252.04.0.S20431.0.125.07.00.0450.0301.0017.018.02.04.0.0.100.251.503.50.S20432.0.083.05.00.0450.0301.0017.
36、018.04.06.0.0.050.202.003.00.S20433.0.085.57.50.0450.0301.0017.018.03.55.5.0.100.251.503.50.S205002050.120.2514.015.00.0600.0301.0016.518.01.001.75.0.320.40.S20910XM-19E0.064.06.00.0450.0301.0020.523.511.513.51.503.000.200.40.NbH0.100.30,V0.100.30S21400XM-31E0.1214.016.00.0450.0300.301.0017.018.51.0
37、0.0.35min.S21460XM-14E0.1214.016.00.0600.0301.0017.019.05.06.0.0.350.50.S21500.0.060.155.57.00.0450.0300.21.014.016.09.011.00.801.20.Nb0.751.25,V0.150.40,B0.0030.009S21600XM-17E0.087.59.00.0450.0301.0017.520.55.07.02.003.000.250.50.S21603XM-18E0.037.59.00.0450.0301.0017.520.55.07.02.003.000.250.50.S
38、21640.0.083.56.50.0600.0301.0017.519.54.06.50.502.000.080.30.Nb0.101.00S21800.0.107.09.00.0600.0303.54.516.018.08.09.0.0.080.18.S21900XM-10E0.088.010.00.0450.0301.0019.021.55.57.5.0.150.40.S21904XM-11E0.048.010.00.0450.0301.0019.021.55.57.5.0.150.40.S24000XM-29E0.0811.514.50.0600.0301.0017.019.02.33
39、.7.0.200.40.S24100XM-28E0.1511.014.00.0450.0301.0016.519.00.502.50.0.200.45.S28200.0.1517.019.00.0450.0301.0017.019.0.0.751.250.400.600.751.25.S301003010.152.000.0450.0301.0016.018.06.08.0.0.10.S30103301LD0.0302.000.0450.0301.0016.018.05.08.0.0.20.S30116301Si0.152.000.0450.0301.001.3516.018.06.08.01
40、.000.20.S30153301LND0.0302.000.0450.0301.0016.018.05.08.0.0.070.20.S302003020.152.000.0450.0301.0017.019.08.010.0.0.10.S30215302B0.152.000.0450.0302.003.0017.019.08.010.0.0.10.S303003030.152.000.200.15min1.0017.019.08.010.0.S30310XM-15E0.152.54.50.200.25min1.0017.019.07.09.0.S30323303Se0.152.000.200
41、.061.0017.019.08.010.0.Se0.15minS30345XM-2E0.152.000.050.110.161.0017.019.08.010.00.400.60.Al0.601.00S304003040.072.000.0450.0301.0017.519.58.011.0.S30403304L0.0302.000.0450.0301.0017.519.58.012.0.S30409304H0.040.102.000.0450.0301.0018.020.08.011.0.S30415.0.040.060.800.0450.0301.002.0018.019.09.010.
42、0.0.120.18.Ce0.030.08S30430.0.032.000.0450.0301.0017.019.08.010.0.3.04.0.S30432.0.070.130.500.0450.0300.3017.019.07.510.5.0.050.122.53.5Nb0.200.60,Al0.0030.030,B0.0010.010S30434.0.070.142.000.0400.0101.0017.519.59.012.0.2.503.50Nb0.100.40G,Ti0.100.25G,B0.0010.004S30435.0.082.000.0450.0301.0016.018.0
43、7.09.0.1.503.00.S30441.0.082.000.0450.0301.02.017.519.58.010.5.0.101.52.5Nb0.10.5,W0.20.8S30451304N0.082.000.0450.0301.0018.020.08.011.0.0.100.16.S30452XM-21E0.082.000.0450.0301.0018.020.08.010.0.0.160.30.A959 163TABLE1ContinuedUNSDesignationBTypeCCarbonManganesePhosphorusSulfurSiliconChromiumNickle
44、MolybdenumNitrogenCopperOtherElementsS30453304LN0.0302.000.0450.0301.0018.020.08.011.0.0.100.16.S30454304LHND0.032.000.0450.0301.0018.020.08.011.0.0.160.30.S305003050.122.000.0450.0301.0017.019.011.013.0.S30530.0.082.000.0450.0300.502.5017.020.58.511.50.751.50.0.753.50.S30600.0.0182.000.0200.0203.74
45、.317.018.514.015.50.20.0.50.S30601.0.0150.500.800.0300.0135.05.617.018.017.018.00.200.050.35.S30615.0.160.242.000.0300.0303.24.017.019.513.516.0.Al0.801.50S308003080.082.000.0450.0301.0019.021.010.012.0.S30815.0.050.100.800.0400.0301.402.0020.022.010.012.0.0.140.20.Ce0.030.08S309003090.202.000.0450.
46、0301.0022.024.012.015.0.S30908309S0.082.000.0450.0301.0022.024.012.015.0.S30909309HD0.040.102.000.0450.0301.0022.024.012.015.0.S30925309LMoND0.0252.000.0400.0300.7023.026.013.016.00.51.20.250.40.S30940309NbD0.082.000.0450.0301.0022.024.012.016.0.Nb10xCmin,1.10maxS30941309HNbD0.040.102.000.0450.0301.
47、0022.024.012.016.0.Nb10xCmin,1.10maxS30942.0.030.102.000.0400.0301.0021.023.014.516.50.100.20.Nb0.500.80,B0.0010.005S31000310D0.252.000.0450.0301.5024.026.019.022.0.S31002.0.0152.000.0200.0150.1524.026.019.022.00.100.10.S31008310S0.082.000.0450.0301.0024.026.019.022.0.S31009310HD0.040.102.000.0450.0301.0024.026.019.022.0.S31025310MoNbND0.101.500.0300.0301.0019.523.023.026.01.02.00.100.25.N
