1、Designation: A960/A960M 10Standard Specification forCommon Requirements for Wrought Steel Piping Fittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A960/A960M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of common require-ments that shall apply to wrought steel piping fittings coveredin
3、any of the following individual product specifications or anyother ASTM specification that invokes this specification orportions thereof:Title of Specification ASTMDesignationSpecification for Piping Fittings of WroughtCarbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate andElevated TemperaturesA234/A234MSpeci
4、fication for Wrought Austenitic StainlessSteel Piping FittingsA403/A403MSpecification for Piping Fittings of Wrought CarbonSteel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature ServiceA420/A420MSpecification for Butt-Welding, Wrought-CarbonSteel, Piping Fittings with Improved Notch ToughnessA758/A758MSpecificat
5、ion for As-Welded Wrought AusteniticStainless Steel Fittings for General CorrosiveService at Low and Moderate TemperaturesA774/A774MSpecification for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic,and Martensitic Stainless Steel Piping FittingsA815/A815MSpecification for Heat-Treated Carbon SteelFittings for
6、 Low-Temperature and Corrosive ServiceA858/A858MSpecification for Wrought High-StrengthLow-Alloy Steel Butt-Welded FittingsA860/A860M1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the indi-vidual product specification and a requirement of this generalrequirement specification, the requirements of
7、the individualproduct specification shall prevail over those of this specifica-tion.1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier, additional requirements may be specified (See 4.1.8).The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall bedependent on negotiations with the suppli
8、er and must beincluded in the order as agreed upon by the purchaser andsupplier.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text andthe tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values statedin each system may not be exact e
9、quivalents; therefore eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unlessthe “M” designation SI of the product specification isspecified in the order.2. Referenced Docum
10、ents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA234/A234M Specification for Piping Fittings of WroughtCarbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and HighTemperature ServiceA262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranula
11、rAttack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of SteelForgingsA403/A403M Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stain-less Steel Piping FittingsA420/A420M Specification for Piping Fittings o
12、f WroughtCarbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Ser-viceA700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Meth-ods for Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA758/A758M Specification for Wrought-Carbon SteelButt-Wel
13、ding Piping Fittings with Improved Notch Tough-nessA763 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to IntergranularAttack in Ferritic Stainless SteelsA774/A774M Specification for As-Welded Wrought Auste-nitic Stainless Steel Fittings for General Corrosive Serviceat Low and Moderate TemperaturesA815/A815
14、M Specification for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic, and Martensitic Stainless Steel Piping FittingsA858/A858M Specification for Heat-Treated Carbon SteelFittings for Low-Temperature and Corrosive Service1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Ste
15、el and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originallyapproved in 1996. Las
16、t previous edition approved in 2008 as A960/A960M08a.DOI: 10.1520/A0960_A0960M-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pag
17、e onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.A860/A860M Specification for Wrought High-StrengthFerritic Steel Butt-Welding FittingsA941 Termino
18、logy Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysA967 Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatmentsfor Stainless Steel PartsA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of SteelProductsMetricE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryE213 Practice for
19、Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe andTubingE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE1916 Guide for Identification and/or Segregation of MixedLots of Metals2.2 Manufacturers Standardization Society Standards:3MSS-SP-25 The Standard Marking System of Valves,Fittings, Flanges and UnionsMSS-SP-43 Standar
20、d Practice for Light Weight StainlessSteel Butt-Welding FittingsMSS-SP-75 Specification for High Test Wrought Butt-Welding FittingsMSS-SP-79 Socket Welding Reducer InsertsMSS-SP-83 Class 3000 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket Weldingand ThreadedMSS-SP-95 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull PlugsMSS-SP-97 Integrally R
21、einforced Forged Branch OutletFittingsSocket Welding, Threaded and ButtweldingEnds2.3 American Society of Nondestructive Testing:4SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for NondestructiveTesting Personnel Qualification and Certification2.4 ASME Standards:5B16.9 Steel Butt-Welding FittingsB16.11 Forged Steel
22、 Fittings, Socket Welding and ThreadedSection IX Welding Qualifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bara solid section that is long in relationship to itscross sectional dimensions, with a relatively constant crosssection throughout its length. (See Specific
23、ationA29/A29M fordefinitions relating to the production of hot wrought and coldfinished bars.)3.1.2 certifying organizationthe company or associationresponsible for the conformance of, the marking of, and thecertification of the product to the specification requirements.3.1.3 fittinga component for
24、non-bolted joints used inpiping systems and pressure vessels.3.1.4 flangea component for bolted joints used in pipingsystems and pressure vessels.3.1.5 forgingthe product of a substantially compressivehot or cold plastic working operation that consolidates thematerial and produces the required shape
25、.3.1.6 DiscussionThe plastic working must be performedby a forging machine, such as a hammer, press, or ring rollingmachine and must deform the material to produce an essen-tially wrought structure throughout the material cross section.3.2 DefinitionsFor definitions of other terms used in thisspecif
26、ication, refer to Terminology A941.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order all ordering information necessary to purchasethe needed material. Examples of such information include butare not limited to the following:4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Descripti
27、on of fitting and nominal dimensions (stan-dard or special),4.1.3 Steel composition by grade and class designation,4.1.4 Construction, seamless or welded (unless seamless orwelded construction is specified by the purchaser, either maybe furnished at the option of the supplier),4.1.5 Specification nu
28、mber (including the year/date of is-sue),4.1.6 Choice of testing track from the options listed in TestMethods A1058 when material is ordered to an M suffix (SIunits) product standard. If the choice of test track is notspecified in the order, then the default ASTM track shall beused as noted in Test
29、Methods A1058.4.1.7 Supplementary requirements, and4.1.8 Additional requirements.5. Material5.1 The material for fittings shall consist of forgings, bars,plates and seamless or welded tubular products.5.2 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements ofthe individual product specification and
30、 may be made from anyprocess.5.3 Ferritic steels shall be fully killed.5.4 If secondary melting is employed, the heat shall bedefined as all ingots remelted from a primary heat.6. Manufacture6.1 Forging or shaping operations may be performed by anyof the methods included in the individual product sp
31、ecification.6.2 Hollow cylindrically shaped parts up to and includingNPS 4 may be machined from bar or seamless tubular materialprovided the axial length of the part is approximately parallelto the axial length of the fitting. Elbows, return bends, tees andheader tees shall not be machined directly
32、from bar stock.6.3 Fittings, after forming at an elevated temperature, shallbe cooled to a temperature below the critical range undersuitable conditions to prevent injury by cooling too rapidly.6.4 All classes of fittings shall have the welders, weldingoperators, and welding procedures qualified und
33、er the provi-sion of Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure VesselCode except that welds from the original pipe manufacturermade without the addition of filler metal do not require suchqualification.3Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 12
34、7 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.4Available fromAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Thr
35、ee Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.A960/A960M 1027. Heat Treatment7.1 Fittings requiring heat treatment shall be treated asspecified in the individual product specification using thefollowing procedures:7.1.1 Full AnnealingFittings shall be uniformly reheatedto a temperature a
36、bove the transformation range and, afterholding for a sufficient time at this temperature, cooled slowlyto a temperature below the transformation range.7.1.2 Solution AnnealingFittings shall be heated to atemperature that causes the carbides to go into solution andthen quenched in water or rapidly c
37、ooled by other means toprevent reprecipitation.7.1.3 Isothermal AnnealingIsothermal annealing shallconsist of austenitizing a ferrous alloy and then cooling to andholding within the range of temperature at which the austenitetransforms to a relatively soft ferrite-carbide aggregate.7.1.4 Normalizing
38、Fittings shall be uniformly reheated toa temperature above the transformation range and subsequentlycooled in air at room temperature.7.1.5 Tempering and Post-Weld Heat TreatmentFittingsshall be reheated to the prescribed temperature below thetransformation range, held at temperature for the greater
39、 of12h or 1 h/in. 25.4 mm of thickness at the thickest section andcooled in still air.7.1.6 Stress RelievingFittings shall be uniformly heated tothe selected stress relieving temperature. The temperature shallnot vary from the selected temperature by more than 6 25 F6 14 C.7.1.7 Quench and TemperFit
40、tings shall be fully austen-itized and immediately quenched in a suitable liquid medium.The quenched fittings shall be reheated to a minimum tempera-ture of 1100 F 590 C and cooled in still air.8. Chemical Requirements8.1 Chemical AnalysisSamples for chemical analysis andmethods of analysis shall be
41、 in accordance with Test Methods,Practices and Terminology A751 for Chemical Analysis ofSteel Products.8.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat of steel shallbe made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages ofthose elements specified in the individual product specification.If secondary melt
42、ing processes are employed, the heat analysisshall be obtained from one remelted ingot of each primarymelt. The chemical analysis thus determined shall conform tothe requirements of the individual product specification. Notethat the product analysis (check analysis) tolerances are not tobe applied t
43、o the heat analysis requirements.8.2.1 For steels ordered under product specifications refer-encing this specification of general requirements, the steel shallnot contain an unspecified element, other than nitrogen forstainless steels, for the ordered grade to the extent that the steelconforms to th
44、e requirements of another grade for which thatelement is a specified element having a required minimumcontent. For this requirement, a grade is defined as an alloydescribed individually and identified by its own UNS or gradedesignation in a table of chemical requirements within anyspecification list
45、ed within the scope as being covered by thisspecification.8.3 Product AnalysisIf a product analysis is performed itshall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, andTerminologyA751. The chemical composition thus determinedshall conform to limits of the product specification, within thepermissi
46、ble variations of Table 1 or Table 2 of this specifica-tion, as appropriate for the grade being supplied.9. Mechanical Requirements9.1 Method of Mechanical TestAll tests shall be con-ducted in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370if the inch-pound units are specified or Test Methods A105
47、8 ifthe M suffix (SI Units) standard is specified.9.2 The test specimen shall represent all material from thesame heat and heat treatment load whose maximum thick-nesses do not exceed the thickness of the test specimen orblank by more than14 in. 6 mm.TABLE 1 Product Analysis Tolerances for Low Alloy
48、 and CarbonSteelsAElementsLimit, or Maximum ofSpecified Range, %Permissible VariationsOver Maximum Limit orUnder Minimum Limit, %Carbon to 0.010, incl 0.002over 0.010 to 0.030, incl 0.005over 0.030 to 0.20, incl 0.01over 0.20 to 0.80, incl 0.02Manganese to 1.00, incl 0.03over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.04
49、Phosphorus to 0.040, incl 0.005over 0.040 to 0.20, incl 0.010Sulfur to 0.040, incl 0.005over 0.040 to 0.20, incl 0.010Silicon to 1.00, incl 0.02over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.10Nickel to 1.00, incl 0.03over 1.00 to 5.00 0.07over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10over 10.00 to 20.00, incl 0.15Chromium 0.90 and under 0.03over 0.90 to 2.10, incl 0.05over 2.10 to 4.00, incl 0.07over 4.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10Molybdenum 0.20 and under 0.01over 0.20 to 0.60, incl 0.03over 0.60 to 2.00, incl 0.05Vanadium 0.10 and under 0.01over 0.10 to 0.25, incl 0.02over 0.25
