1、Designation: A960/A960M 14aStandard Specification forCommon Requirements for Wrought Steel Piping Fittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A960/A960M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of common require-ments that shall apply to wrought steel piping fittings coveredin
3、 any of the following individual product specifications or anyother ASTM specification that invokes this specification orportions thereof:Title of Specification ASTMDesignationSpecification for Piping Fittings of WroughtCarbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate andElevated TemperaturesA234/A234MSpec
4、ification for Wrought Austenitic StainlessSteel Piping FittingsA403/A403MSpecification for Piping Fittings of Wrought CarbonSteel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature ServiceA420/A420MSpecification for Butt-Welding, Wrought-CarbonSteel, Piping Fittings with Improved Notch ToughnessA758/A758MSpecifica
5、tion for As-Welded Wrought AusteniticStainless Steel Fittings for General CorrosiveService at Low and Moderate TemperaturesA774/A774MSpecification for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic,and Martensitic Stainless Steel Piping FittingsA815/A815MSpecification for Heat-Treated Carbon SteelFittings fo
6、r Low-Temperature and Corrosive ServiceA858/A858MSpecification for Wrought High-StrengthLow-Alloy Steel Butt-Welded FittingsA860/A860M1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the indi-vidual product specification and a requirement of this generalrequirement specification, the requirements of
7、 the individualproduct specification shall prevail over those of this specifica-tion.1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier, additional requirements may be specified (See 4.1.8).The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall bedependent on negotiations with the suppl
8、ier and must beincluded in the order as agreed upon by the purchaser andsupplier.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text andthe tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values statedin each system may not be exact
9、equivalents; therefore eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unlessthe “M” designation SI of the product specification isspecified in the order.2. Referenced Docu
10、ments2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for General Requirements for SteelBars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-WroughtA234/A234M Specification for Piping Fittings of WroughtCarbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and HighTemperature ServiceA262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranula
11、rAttack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of SteelForgingsA403/A403M Specification for WroughtAustenitic StainlessSteel Piping FittingsA420/A420M Specification for Piping Fittings of W
12、roughtCarbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Ser-viceA700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methodsfor Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA758/A758M Specification for Wrought-Carbon Steel Butt-Welding Pip
13、ing Fittings with Improved Notch ToughnessA763 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to IntergranularAttack in Ferritic Stainless SteelsA774/A774M Specification for As-Welded Wrought Auste-nitic Stainless Steel Fittings for General Corrosive Serviceat Low and Moderate TemperaturesA815/A815M Specifi
14、cation for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic, and Martensitic Stainless Steel Piping FittingsA858/A858M Specification for Heat-Treated Carbon Steel1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of S
15、ubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A960/A960M14.DOI: 10
16、.1520/A0960_A0960M-14A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears
17、at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Fittings for Low-Temperature and Corrosive ServiceA860/A860M Specification for Wrought High-Strength Fer-ritic Steel Butt-Welding FittingsA941 Terminology Rela
18、ting to Steel, Stainless Steel, RelatedAlloys, and FerroalloysA967 Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments forStainless Steel PartsA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of SteelProductsMetricE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryE213 Practice for Ultrasonic
19、Testing of Metal Pipe andTubingE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE1916 Guide for Identification of Mixed Lots of Metals2.2 Manufacturers Standardization Society Standards:3MSS-SP-25 The Standard Marking System of Valves,Fittings, Flanges and UnionsMSS-SP-43 Standard Practice for Light Weight S
20、tainlessSteel Butt-Welding FittingsMSS-SP-75 Specification for High Test Wrought Butt-Welding FittingsMSS-SP-79 Socket Welding Reducer InsertsMSS-SP-83 Class 3000 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket Weldingand ThreadedMSS-SP-95 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull PlugsMSS-SP-97 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outle
21、tFittingsSocket Welding, Threaded and ButtweldingEnds2.3 American Society of Nondestructive Testing:4SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for NondestructiveTesting Personnel Qualification and Certification2.4 ASME Standards:5B16.9 Steel Butt-Welding FittingsB16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and
22、 ThreadedBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section IX3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bara solid section that is long in relationship to itscross sectional dimensions, with a relatively constant crosssection throughout its length. (See Specification A29/A29Mfor de
23、finitions relating to the production of hot wrought andcold finished bars.)3.1.2 certifying organizationthe company or associationresponsible for the conformance of, the marking of, and thecertification of the product to the specification requirements.3.1.3 fittinga component for non-bolted joints u
24、sed inpiping systems and pressure vessels.3.1.4 flangea component for bolted joints used in pipingsystems and pressure vessels.3.1.5 forgingthe product of a substantially compressivehot or cold plastic working operation that consolidates thematerial and produces the required shape.3.1.6 DiscussionTh
25、e plastic working must be performedby a forging machine, such as a hammer, press, or ring rollingmachine and must deform the material to produce an essen-tially wrought structure throughout the material cross section.3.2 DefinitionsFor definitions of other terms used in thisspecification, refer to T
26、erminology A941.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order all ordering information necessary to purchasethe needed material. Examples of such information include butare not limited to the following:4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Description of fitting and n
27、ominal dimensions (stan-dard or special),4.1.3 Steel composition by grade and class designation,4.1.4 Construction, seamless or welded (unless seamless orwelded construction is specified by the purchaser, either maybe furnished at the option of the supplier),4.1.5 Specification number (including the
28、 year/date ofissue),4.1.6 Choice of testing track from the options listed in TestMethods A1058 when material is ordered to an M suffix (SIunits) product standard. If the choice of test track is notspecified in the order, then the default ASTM track shall beused as noted in Test Methods A1058.4.1.7 S
29、upplementary requirements, and4.1.8 Additional requirements.5. Material5.1 The material for fittings shall consist of forgings, bars,plates and seamless or welded tubular products.5.2 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements ofthe individual product specification and may be made from any
30、process.5.3 Ferritic steels shall be fully killed.5.4 If secondary melting is employed, the heat shall bedefined as all ingots remelted from a primary heat.6. Manufacture6.1 Forging or shaping operations may be performed by anyof the methods included in the individual product specification.6.2 Hollo
31、w cylindrically shaped parts up to and includingNPS 4 may be machined from bar or seamless tubular materialprovided the axial length of the part is approximately parallelto the axial length of the fitting. Elbows, return bends, tees andheader tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock.6.3 Fi
32、ttings, after forming at an elevated temperature, shallbe cooled to a temperature below the critical range undersuitable conditions to prevent injury by cooling too rapidly.3Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 221
33、80-4602, http:/www.mss-.4Available fromAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016
34、-5990, http:/www.asme.org.A960/A960M 14a26.4 All classes of fittings shall have the welders, weldingoperators, and welding procedures qualified under the provi-sion of Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure VesselCode except that welds from the original pipe manufacturermade without the addition
35、 of filler metal do not require suchqualification.7. Heat Treatment7.1 Fittings requiring heat treatment shall be treated asspecified in the individual product specification using thefollowing procedures:7.1.1 Full AnnealingFittings shall be uniformly reheatedto a temperature above the transformatio
36、n range and, afterholding for a sufficient time at this temperature, cooled slowlyto a temperature below the transformation range.7.1.2 Solution AnnealingFittings shall be heated to atemperature that causes the carbides to go into solution andthen quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means t
37、oprevent reprecipitation.7.1.3 Isothermal AnnealingIsothermal annealing shallconsist of austenitizing a ferrous alloy and then cooling to andholding within the range of temperature at which the austenitetransforms to a relatively soft ferrite-carbide aggregate.7.1.4 NormalizingFittings shall be unif
38、ormly reheated to atemperature above the transformation range and subsequentlycooled in air at room temperature.7.1.5 Tempering and Post-Weld Heat TreatmentFittingsshall be reheated to the prescribed temperature below thetransformation range, held at temperature for the greater of12h or 1 h/in. 25.4
39、 mm of thickness at the thickest section andcooled in still air.7.1.6 Stress RelievingFittings shall be uniformly heated tothe selected stress relieving temperature. The temperature shallnot vary from the selected temperature by more than 6 25 F6 14 C.7.1.7 Quench and TemperFittings shall be fully a
40、usten-itized and immediately quenched in a suitable liquid medium.The quenched fittings shall be reheated to a minimum tempera-ture of 1100 F 590 C and cooled in still air.8. Chemical Requirements8.1 Chemical AnalysisSamples for chemical analysis andmethods of analysis shall be in accordance with Te
41、st Methods,Practices and Terminology A751 for Chemical Analysis ofSteel Products.8.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat of steel shall bemade by the manufacturer to determine the percentages ofthose elements specified in the individual product specification.If secondary melting processes are empl
42、oyed, the heat analysisshall be obtained from one remelted ingot of each primarymelt. The chemical analysis thus determined shall conform tothe requirements of the individual product specification. Notethat the product analysis (check analysis) tolerances are not tobe applied to the heat analysis re
43、quirements.8.2.1 For steels ordered under product specifications refer-encing this specification of general requirements, the steel shallnot contain an unspecified element, other than nitrogen forstainless steels, for the ordered grade to the extent that the steelconforms to the requirements of anot
44、her grade for which thatelement is a specified element having a required minimumcontent. For this requirement, a grade is defined as an alloydescribed individually and identified by its own UNS or gradedesignation in a table of chemical requirements within anyspecification listed within the scope as
45、 being covered by thisspecification.8.3 Product AnalysisIf a product analysis is performed itshall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A751. The chemical composition thus determinedshall conform to limits of the product specification, within thepermissible variations of Tab
46、le 1 or Table 2 of thisspecification, as appropriate for the grade being supplied.TABLE 1 Product Analysis Tolerances for Low Alloy and CarbonSteelsAElementsLimit, or Maximum ofSpecified Range, %Permissible VariationsOver Maximum Limit orUnder Minimum Limit, %Carbon to 0.010, incl 0.002over 0.010 to
47、 0.030, incl 0.005over 0.030 to 0.20, incl 0.01over 0.20 to 0.80, incl 0.02Manganese to 1.00, incl 0.03over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.04Phosphorus to 0.040, incl 0.005over 0.040 to 0.20, incl 0.010Sulfur to 0.040, incl 0.005over 0.040 to 0.20, incl 0.010Silicon to 1.00, incl 0.02over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0
48、.10Nickel to 1.00, incl 0.03over 1.00 to 5.00 0.07over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10over 10.00 to 20.00, incl 0.15Chromium 0.90 and under 0.03over 0.90 to 2.10, incl 0.05over 2.10 to 4.00, incl 0.07over 4.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10Molybdenum 0.20 and under 0.01over 0.20 to 0.60, incl 0.03over 0.60 to 2.00, i
49、ncl 0.05Vanadium 0.10 and under 0.01over 0.10 to 0.25, incl 0.02over 0.25 to 0.50, incl 0.03minimum value specified,under minimumlimit only0.01Columbium (Niobium) to 1.50, incl 0.05Titanium to 1.00, incl 0.05Aluminum to 0.15, incl 0.005+0.01over 0.15 to 0.50, incl 0.05over 0.50 to 0.80, incl 0.07LeadB0.15 to 0.35, incl 0.03Copper to 0.50, incl 0.03over 0.50 to 1.00, incl 0.05over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.10Nitrogen to 0.02, incl 0.005over 0.02 to 0.19, incl 0.01Tungsten to 0.50, incl 0.02over 0.50 to 1.00, incl 0.03over 1.00 to 2.00, incl 0.05o
