1、Designation: A960/A960M 15A960/A960M 16Standard Specification forCommon Requirements for Wrought Steel Piping Fittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A960/A960M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to wrought steel piping fitting
3、s covered in anyof the following individual product specifications or any other ASTM specification that invokes this specification or portionsthereof:Title of Specification ASTMDesignationSpecification for Piping Fittings of WroughtCarbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate andElevated TemperaturesA2
4、34/A234MSpecification for Wrought Austenitic StainlessSteel Piping FittingsA403/A403MSpecification for Piping Fittings of Wrought CarbonSteel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature ServiceA420/A420MSpecification for Butt-Welding, Wrought-CarbonSteel, Piping Fittings with Improved Notch ToughnessA758/A7
5、58MSpecification for As-Welded Wrought AusteniticStainless Steel Fittings for General CorrosiveService at Low and Moderate TemperaturesA774/A774MSpecification for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic,and Martensitic Stainless Steel Piping FittingsA815/A815MSpecification for Heat-Treated Carbon Stee
6、lFittings for Low-Temperature and Corrosive ServiceA858/A858MSpecification for Wrought High-StrengthLow-Alloy Steel Butt-Welded FittingsA860/A860M1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the individual product specification and a requirement of this generalrequirement specification, the requ
7、irements of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification.1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, additional requirements may be specified (See 4.1.8). Theacceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations w
8、ith the supplier and must be included in theorder as agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and thetables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system m
9、ay not be exact equivalents; therefore each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with thespecification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation SI of the product specification is specified in the order
10、.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-WroughtA234/A234M Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High TemperatureServiceA262 Practices for Detecting Susceptib
11、ility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Rela
12、tedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015June 1, 2016. Published November 2015June 2016. Originally approved i
13、n 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 asA960/A960MA960/A960M 15.14a. DOI: 10.1520/A0960_A0960M-15.10.1520/A0960_A0960M-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume info
14、rmation, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately d
15、epict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Internat
16、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1A403/A403M Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping FittingsA420/A420M Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature ServiceA700 Guide for Pac
17、kaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA758/A758M Specification for Wrought-Carbon Steel Butt-Welding Piping Fittings with Improved Notch ToughnessA763 Practices for Detecting Susceptibi
18、lity to Intergranular Attack in Ferritic Stainless SteelsA774/A774M Specification forAs-WeldedWroughtAustenitic Stainless Steel Fittings for General Corrosive Service at Low andModerate TemperaturesA815/A815M Specification for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic, and Martensitic Stainless Steel Pi
19、ping FittingsA858/A858M Specification for Heat-Treated Carbon Steel Fittings for Low-Temperature and Corrosive ServiceA860/A860M Specification for Wrought High-Strength Ferritic Steel Butt-Welding FittingsA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and FerroalloysA967 Specif
20、ication for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel PartsA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsMetricE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryE213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and TubingE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testi
21、ngE1916 Guide for Identification of Mixed Lots of Metals2.2 Manufacturers Standardization Society Standards:3MSS-SP-25 The Standard Marking System of Valves, Fittings, Flanges and UnionsMSS-SP-43 Standard Practice for Light Weight Stainless Steel Butt-Welding FittingsMSS-SP-75 Specification for High
22、 Test Wrought Butt-Welding FittingsMSS-SP-79 Socket Welding Reducer InsertsMSS-SP-83 Class 3000 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket Welding and ThreadedMSS-SP-95 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull PlugsMSS-SP-97 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet FittingsSocket Welding, Threaded and Buttwelding Ends2.3 America
23、n Society of Nondestructive Testing:4SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification2.4 ASME Standards:5B16.9 Steel Butt-Welding FittingsB16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and ThreadedBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section IX3. Terminolo
24、gy3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bara solid section that is long in relationship to its cross sectional dimensions, with a relatively constant cross sectionthroughout its length. (See Specification A29/A29M for definitions relating to the production of hot wrought and cold
25、finishedbars.)3.1.2 certifying organizationthe company or association responsible for the conformance of, the marking of, and thecertification of the product to the specification requirements.3.1.3 fittinga component for non-bolted joints used in piping systems and pressure vessels.3.1.4 flangea com
26、ponent for bolted joints used in piping systems and pressure vessels.3.1.5 forgingthe product of a substantially compressive hot or cold plastic working operation that consolidates the materialand produces the required shape.3.1.6 DiscussionThe plastic working must be performed by a forging machine,
27、 such as a hammer, press, or ring rollingmachine and must deform the material to produce an essentially wrought structure throughout the material cross section.3.2 DefinitionsFor definitions of other terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology A941.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the pur
28、chasers responsibility to specify in the purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase the neededmaterial. Examples of such information include but are not limited to the following:4.1.1 Quantity,3 Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industr
29、y (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.4 Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.5 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International H
30、eadquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.A960/A960M 1624.1.2 Description of fitting and nominal dimensions (standard or special),4.1.3 Steel composition by grade and class designation,4.1.4 Construction, seamless or welded (unless seamless or welded construction is spe
31、cified by the purchaser, either may befurnished at the option of the supplier),4.1.5 Specification number (including the year/date of issue),4.1.6 Choice of testing track from the options listed in Test Methods A1058 when material is ordered to an M suffix (SI units)product standard. If the choice o
32、f test track is not specified in the order, then the defaultASTM track shall be used as noted in TestMethods A1058.4.1.7 Supplementary requirements, and4.1.8 Additional requirements.5. Material5.1 The material for fittings shall consist of forgings, bars, plates and seamless or welded tubular produc
33、ts.5.2 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements of the individual product specification and may be made from anyprocess.5.3 Ferritic steels shall be fully killed.5.4 If secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all ingots remelted from a primary heat.6. Manufacture6.1 F
34、orging or shaping operations may be performed by any of the methods included in the individual product specification.6.2 Hollow cylindrically shaped parts up to and including NPS 4 may be machined from bar or seamless tubular materialprovided the axial length of the part is approximately parallel to
35、 the axial length of the fitting. Elbows, return bends, tees and headertees shall not be machined directly from bar stock.6.3 Fittings, after forming at an elevated temperature, shall be cooled to a temperature below the critical range under suitableconditions to prevent injury by cooling too rapidl
36、y.6.4 All classes of fittings shall have the welders, welding operators, and welding procedures qualified under the provision ofSection IX of theASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code except that welds from the original pipe manufacturer made without theaddition of filler metal do not require such qua
37、lification.7. Heat Treatment7.1 Fittings requiring heat treatment shall be treated as specified in the individual product specification using the followingprocedures:7.1.1 Full AnnealingFittings shall be uniformly reheated to a temperature above the transformation range and, after holdingfor a suffi
38、cient time at this temperature, cooled slowly to a temperature below the transformation range.7.1.2 Solution AnnealingFittings shall be heated to a temperature that causes the carbides to go into solution and thenquenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means to prevent reprecipitation.7.1.3 Iso
39、thermal AnnealingIsothermal annealing shall consist of austenitizing a ferrous alloy and then cooling to and holdingwithin the range of temperature at which the austenite transforms to a relatively soft ferrite-carbide aggregate.7.1.4 NormalizingFittings shall be uniformly reheated to a temperature
40、above the transformation range and subsequentlycooled in air at room temperature.7.1.5 Tempering and Post-Weld Heat TreatmentFittings shall be reheated to the prescribed temperature below thetransformation range, held at temperature for the greater of 12 h or 1 h/in. 25.4 mm of thickness at the thic
41、kest section and cooledin still air.7.1.6 Stress RelievingFittings shall be uniformly heated to the selected stress relieving temperature. The temperature shall notvary from the selected temperature by more than 6 25 F 6 14 C.7.1.7 Quench and TemperFittings shall be fully austenitized and immediatel
42、y quenched in a suitable liquid medium. Thequenched fittings shall be reheated to a minimum temperature of 1100 F 590 C and cooled in still air.8. Chemical Requirements8.1 Chemical AnalysisSamples for chemical analysis and methods of analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods,Practices and Te
43、rminology A751 for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products.8.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of thoseelements specified in the individual product specification. If secondary melting processes are employed, the heat analysis
44、shall beobtained from one remelted ingot of each primary melt. The chemical analysis thus determined shall conform to the requirementsof the individual product specification. Note that the product analysis (check analysis) tolerances are not to be applied to the heatanalysis requirements.A960/A960M
45、1638.2.1 For steels ordered under product specifications referencing this specification of general requirements, the steel shall notcontain an unspecified element, other than nitrogen for stainless steels, for the ordered grade to the extent that the steel conformsto the requirements of another grad
46、e for which that element is a specified element having a required minimum content. For thisrequirement, a grade is defined as an alloy described individually and identified by its own UNS or grade designation in a tableof chemical requirements within any specification listed within the scope as bein
47、g covered by this specification.8.3 Product AnalysisIf a product analysis is performed it shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A751. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to limits of the product specification, within thepermissible variations of Table
48、 1 or Table 2 of this specification, as appropriate for the grade being supplied.9. Mechanical Requirements9.1 Method of Mechanical TestAll tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370 if theinch-pound units are specified or Test Methods A1058 if the M suffix (SI Uni
49、ts) standard is specified.9.2 The test specimen shall represent all material from the same heat and heat treatment load whose maximum thicknesses donot exceed the thickness of the test specimen or blank by more than 14 in. 6 mm.TABLE 1 Product Analysis Tolerances for Low Alloy and CarbonSteelsAElements Limit, or Maximum ofSpecified Range, %Permissible VariationsOver Maximum Limit orUnder Minimum Limit, %Carbon to 0.010, incl 0.002over 0.010 to 0.030, incl 0.005over 0.030 to 0.20, incl 0.01over 0.20 to 0.80, incl 0.02Manganese to 1.
