1、Designation: A961/A961M 11Standard Specification forCommon Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings,Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A961/A961M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of common require-ments that shall apply
3、to steel flanges, forged fittings, valves,and parts for piping applications under any of the followingindividual product specifications:Title of Specification ASTM DesignationForgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components A105/A105MForgings, Carbon Steel, for General-Purpose Piping A181/A181MForged o
4、r Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged A182/A182MFittings, and Valves and Parts for High TemperatureServiceForgings, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel, Requiring Notch A350/A350MToughness Testing for Piping ComponentsForged or Rolled 8 and 9 % Nickel Alloy A522/A522MSteel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and
5、Partsfor Low-Temperature ServiceForgings, Carbon and Alloy Steel, for Pipe Flanges, A694/A694MFittings, Valves, and Parts for High-PressureTransmission ServiceFlanges, Forged, Carbon and Alloy Steel for Low A707/A707MTemperature ServiceForgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components with A727/A727MInh
6、erent Notch ToughnessForgings, Titanium-Stabilized Carbon Steel, for A836/A836MGlass-Lined Piping and Pressure Vessel Service1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the indi-vidual product specification and a requirement of this generalrequirement specification, the requirements of the indi
7、vidualproduct specification shall prevail over those of this specifica-tion.1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier, additional requirements may be specified (see Section4.1.2). The acceptance of any such additional requirementsshall be dependent on negotiations with the suppli
8、er and mustbe included in the order as agreed upon between the purchaserand supplier.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text andthe tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values statedin each system may not be ex
9、act equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply, unless the“M” designation (SI) of the product specification is specified inthe order.2. Referenced D
10、ocuments2.1 ASTM Standards:2A105/A105M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings forPiping ApplicationsA181/A181M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, forGeneral-Purpose PipingA182/A182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy andStainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valvesand Parts
11、for High-Temperature ServiceA275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examinationof Steel ForgingsA350/A350M Specification for Carbon and Low-AlloySteel Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing forPiping ComponentsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA522/A522M
12、 Specification for Forged or Rolled 8 and 9%Nickel Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts forLow-Temperature ServiceA694/A694M Specification for Carbon and Alloy SteelForgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts forHigh-Pressure Transmission ServiceA700 Practices for Packaging, M
13、arking, and Loading Meth-ods for Steel Products for ShipmentA707/A707M Specification for Forged Carbon and AlloySteel Flanges for Low-Temperature ServiceA727/A727M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings forPiping Components with Inherent Notch ToughnessA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology
14、for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA836/A836M Specification for Titanium-Stabilized Carbon1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings
15、 for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A961/A961M08a.DOI: 10.1520/A0961_A0961M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit
16、the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 10
17、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Steel Forgings for Glass-Lined Piping and Pressure VesselServiceA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysA967 Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatmentsfor Stainless S
18、teel PartsA991/A991M Test Method for Conducting TemperatureUniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat SteelProductsA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of SteelProductsMetricB880 Specification for General Requirements for ChemicalCheck Analysis Limits for Nickel, Nickel Alloys andCobalt
19、AlloysE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryE381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,Blooms, and ForgingsE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE1916 Guide for Identification and/or Segregation of MixedLots of Metals2.2 ASME Standard:3ASME Boiler and Pressure
20、 Vessel CodeSection IX2.3 Manufacturers Standardization Society Standard:4SP 25 Standard Marking System of Valves, Fittings,Flanges and Unions3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of other terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology A941.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Sta
21、ndard:3.2.1 bar, na solid rolled or forged section that is long inrelationship to its cross sectional dimensions, with a relativelyconstant cross section throughout its length and a wroughtmicrostructure.3.2.2 certifying organization, nthe company or associa-tion responsible for the conformance of,
22、and marking of, theproduct to the specification requirements.3.2.3 fitting, na component for non-bolted joints in pipingsystems.3.2.4 flange, na component for bolted joints used inpiping systems.3.2.5 forging, nthe product of a substantially compressivehot or cold plastic working operation that cons
23、olidates thematerial and produces the required shape.3.2.5.1 DiscussionThe plastic working must be per-formed by a forging machine, such as a hammer, press, or ringrolling machine, and must deform the material to produce awrought structure throughout the material cross section.3.2.6 seamless tubing,
24、 na tubular product made without awelded seam.3.2.6.1 DiscussionIt is manufactured usually by hotworking the material, and if necessary, by subsequently coldfinishing the hot worked tubular product to produce the desiredshape, dimensions and properties.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers
25、 responsibility to specify in thepurchase order all ordering information necessary to purchasethe needed material. Examples of such information include, butare not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Size and pressure class or dimensions, (tolerances andsurface finishes should be included
26、),4.1.3 Specification number with grade or class, or both, asapplicable, and year/date,4.1.4 Choice of testing track from the options listed in TestMethods A1058 when material is ordered to an M suffix (SIunits) product standard. If the choice of test track is notspecified in the order, then the def
27、ault ASTM track shall beused as noted in Test Methods A1058,4.1.5 Supplementary requirements, and4.1.6 Additional requirements.5. Melting Process5.1 Unless otherwise specified in the individual ProductSpecification, the steel shall be fully killed.5.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the
28、 purchaser,it shall be stated on the purchase order.5.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-sing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting,such as electroslag remelting or vacuum remelting. If second-ary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all of theingot reme
29、lted from a single primary heat.5.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. Whensteel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identifica-tion of the resultant transition material is required. The steelproducer shall remove the transition material by an establishedprocedure that p
30、ositively separates the grades.5.5 A sufficient discard shall be made from the sourcematerial to secure freedom from injurious porosity and shrink-age, and undue segregation.6. Manufacture6.1 The finished part shall be manufactured from a forgingthat is as close as practicable to the finished size o
31、r shape.Alternative starting materials may be used, but with thefollowing exceptions and requirements.6.1.1 BarFlanges, elbows, return bends, tees, and headertees shall not be machined directly from bar. Other hollowcylindrical shaped parts up to, and including, NPS 4 can bemachined from bar provide
32、d that the axial length of the part isapproximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the startingstock.6.1.2 Wrought Seamless Pipe and TubingFlanges shallnot be machined directly from seamless pipe or tubing. Otherhollow cylindrical shaped parts can be machined from seam-less pipe and tubing prov
33、ided that the axial length of the partis approximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the startingstock.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.4Available from Manufacturers Sta
34、ndardization Society of the Valve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.A961/A961M 1127. Heat Treatment7.1 Material requiring heat treatment shall be treated asspecified in the individual product specification using thefollowing procedures that are defin
35、ed in more detail in Termi-nology A941.7.1.1 Full AnnealingMaterial shall be uniformly reheatedto a temperature above the transformation range and, afterholding for a sufficient time at this temperature, cooled slowlyto a temperature below the transformation range.7.1.2 Solution AnnealingMaterial sh
36、all be heated to atemperature that causes the chrome carbides to go into solu-tion, and then, quenched in water or rapidly cooled by othermeans to prevent reprecipitation.7.1.3 Isothermal AnnealingIsothermal annealing shallconsist of austenitizing a ferrous alloy, and then, cooling to andholding wit
37、hin the range of temperature at which the austenitetransforms to a relatively soft ferrite-carbide aggregate.7.1.4 Normalizing Material shall be uniformly reheated toa temperature above the transformation range, and subse-quently, cooled in air at room temperature.7.1.5 Tempering and Post-Weld Heat
38、TreatmentMaterialshall be reheated to the prescribed temperature below thetransformation range, held at temperature for the greater of 30min or 1 h/in. 25.4 mm of thickness at the thickest section andcooled in still air.7.1.6 Stress Relieving Material shall be uniformly heatedto the selected stress
39、relieving temperature. The temperatureshall not vary from the selected temperature by more than 625F 614 C.7.1.7 Quench and TemperMaterial shall be fully austen-itized and quenched immediately in a suitable liquid medium.The quenched fittings shall be reheated to a minimum tempera-ture of 1100 F 590
40、 C and cooled in still air.8. Chemical Requirements8.1 Chemical AnalysisSamples for chemical analysis andmethods of analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods,Practices, and Terminology A751.8.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat of steel shallbe made by the steel manufacturer to determine
41、 the percentagesof those elements specified in the individual product specifi-cation. If secondary melting processes are employed, the heatanalysis shall be obtained from one remelted ingot, or theproduct of one remelted ingot, from each primary melt. Thechemical analysis thus determined shall confo
42、rm to the require-ments of the individual product specification. Note that theproduct analysis (check analysis) tolerances are not to beapplied to the Heat Analysis requirements.8.3 Product AnalysisIf a product analysis is performed itshall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, andTerminolo
43、gy A751. Samples for analysis shall be taken frommidway between center and surface of solid parts, midwaybetween inner and outer surfaces of hollow parts, midwaybetween center and surface of full-size prolongations or frombroken mechanical test specimens. The chemical compositionthus determined shal
44、l conform to the limits of the productspecification, within the permissible variations of Table 1 orTable 2 of this specification, as appropriate for the grade beingsupplied.9. Mechanical Requirements9.1 Method of Mechanical TestsAll tests shall be con-ducted in accordance with Test Methods and Defi
45、nitions A370if the inch-pound units are specified or Test Methods A1058 ifthe M suffix (SI units) is specified.TABLE 1 Product Analysis Tolerances for Higher Alloy andStainless SteelsA,BElement Limit or Maximum ofSpecified Range, Wt %Tolerance Over theMaximum Limit orUnder the MinimumLimitCarbon to
46、0.010, incl. 0.002over 0.010 to 0.030, incl. 0.005over 0.030 to 0.20 incl. 0.01over 0.20 to 0.80, incl. 0.02Manganese to 1.00 incl. 0.03over 1.00 to 3.00 incl. 0.04over 3.00 to 6.00, incl. 0.05over 6.00 to 10.00, incl. 0.06Phosphorous to 0.040, incl. 0.005over 0.040 to 0.20, incl. 0.010Sulfur to 0.0
47、40 incl. 0.005over 0.040 to 0.20, incl. 0.010over 0.20 to 0.50, incl. 0.020Silicon to 1.00, incl. 0.05over 1.00 to 3.00 incl. 0.10over 3.00 to 7.00, incl. 0.15Chromium over 4.00 to 10.00 incl. 0.10over 10.00 to 15.00 incl. 0.15over 15.00 to 20.00 incl. 0.20over 20.00 to 30.00 incl. 0.25Nickel to 1.0
48、0 incl. 0.03over 1.00 to 5.00 incl. 0.07over 5.00 to 10.00 incl. 0.10over 10.00 to 20.00 incl. 0.15over 20.00 to 30.00 incl. 0.20over 30.00 to 40.00, incl. 0.25Molybdenum to 0.20 incl. 0.01over 0.20 to 0.60 incl. 0.03over 0.60 to 2.00 incl. 0.05over 2.00 to 7.00 incl. 0.10Titanium to 1.00, incl. 0.0
49、5Columbium (Niobium) to 1.50, incl. 0.05Tantalum to 0.10 incl. 0.02Copper to 0.50, incl. 0.03over 0.50 to 1.00, incl. 0.05over 1.00 to 3.00, incl. 0.10Cobalt 0.05 to 0.20 incl. 0.01CNitrogen to 0.02, incl. 0.005over 0.02 to 0.19 incl. 0.01over 0.19 to 0.25 0.02over 0.25 to 0.35 0.03over 0.35 to 0.45 0.04over 0.45 0.05Aluminum to 0.15, incl. 0.005+0.01over 0.15 to 0.50, incl. 0.05Vanadium to 0.10 incl. 0.01over 0.10 to 0.25 incl. 0.02Cerium to 0.20, incl. 0.01Tungsten to 0.50, incl. 0.02over 0.50 to 1.00, incl. 0.03over 1.00 to 2.00, incl.
