1、Designation: A961/A961M 12aA961/A961M 13Standard Specification forCommon Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings,Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A961/A961M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof ori
2、ginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that
3、 shall apply to steel flanges, forged fittings, valves, and partsfor piping applications under any of the following individual product specifications:Title of Specification ASTM DesignationForgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components A105/A105MForgings, Carbon Steel, for General-Purpose Piping A181
4、/A181MForged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged A182/A182MFittings, and Valves and Parts for High TemperatureServiceForgings, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel, Requiring Notch A350/A350MToughness Testing for Piping ComponentsForged or Rolled 8 and 9 % Nickel Alloy A522/A522MSteel Flanges, Fittings
5、, Valves, and Partsfor Low-Temperature ServiceForgings, Carbon and Alloy Steel, for Pipe Flanges, A694/A694MFittings, Valves, and Parts for High-PressureTransmission ServiceFlanges, Forged, Carbon and Alloy Steel for Low A707/A707MTemperature ServiceForgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components with
6、 A727/A727MInherent Notch ToughnessForgings, Titanium-Stabilized Carbon Steel, for A836/A836MGlass-Lined Piping and Pressure Vessel Service1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the individual product specification and a requirement of this generalrequirement specification, the requirement
7、s of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification.1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, additional requirements may be specified (see Section 4.1.2).The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations
8、with the supplier and must be included inthe order as agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and thetables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each sy
9、stem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.The inch-pound units shall apply, unless the “M” designation (SI) of the product specification is specified in the
10、order.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A105/A105M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping ApplicationsA181/A181M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose PipingA182/A182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittin
11、gs, and Valves and Partsfor High-Temperature ServiceA275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel F
12、orgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012Oct. 1, 2013. Published December 2012October 2013. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2012 asA961/A961M12.12a. DOI:
13、10.1520/A0961_A0961M-12a.10.1520/A0961_A0961M-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This documen
14、t is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as app
15、ropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United St
16、ates1A350/A350M Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for PipingComponentsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA522/A522M Specification for Forged or Rolled 8 and 9% Nickel Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves,
17、and Parts forLow-Temperature ServiceA694/A694M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-PressureTransmission ServiceA700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for ShipmentA707/A707M Specification for F
18、orged Carbon and Alloy Steel Flanges for Low-Temperature ServiceA727/A727M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Components with Inherent Notch ToughnessA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA836/A836M Specification for Titanium-Stabilized
19、Carbon Steel Forgings for Glass-Lined Piping and Pressure Vessel ServiceA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and FerroalloysA967 Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel PartsA991/A991M Test Method for Conducting Temperature Uniformity Sur
20、veys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat Steel ProductsA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsMetricB880 Specification for General Requirements for Chemical Check Analysis Limits for Nickel, Nickel Alloys and Cobalt AlloysE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Indu
21、stryE381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and ForgingsE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE1916 Guide for Identification of Mixed Lots of Metals2.2 ASME Standard:3ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel CodeSection IX2.3 Manufacturers Standardization Society Standard:4SP 25 Stand
22、ard Marking System of Valves, Fittings, Flanges and Unions3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of other terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology A941.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bar, na solid rolled or forged section that is long in relationship to
23、its cross sectional dimensions, with a relativelyconstant cross section throughout its length and a wrought microstructure.3.2.2 certifying organization, nthe company or association responsible for the conformance of, andthe marking of, the and thecertification of the product to the specification re
24、quirements.3.2.3 fitting, na component for non-bolted joints in piping systems.3.2.4 flange, na component for bolted joints used in piping systems.3.2.5 forging, nthe product of a substantially compressive hot or cold plastic working operation that consolidates the materialand produces the required
25、shape.3.2.5.1 DiscussionThe plastic working must be performed by a forging machine, such as a hammer, press, or ring rolling machine, and must deformthe material to produce a wrought structure throughout the material cross section.3.2.6 seamless tubing, na tubular product made without a welded seam.
26、3.2.6.1 DiscussionIt is manufactured usually by hot working the material, and if necessary, by subsequently cold finishing the hot worked tubularproduct to produce the desired shape, dimensions and properties.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in the purchase o
27、rder all ordering information necessary to purchase the neededmaterial. Examples of such information include, but are not limited to, the following:3 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.a
28、sme.org.4 Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.A961/A961M 1324.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Size and pressure class or dimensions, (tolerances and surface finishes should be included),4.1.3 Specif
29、ication number with grade or class, or both, as applicable, and year/date,4.1.4 Choice of testing track from the options listed in Test Methods A1058 when material is ordered to an M suffix (SI units)product standard. If the choice of test track is not specified in the order, then the defaultASTM tr
30、ack shall be used as noted in TestMethods A1058,4.1.5 Supplementary requirements, and4.1.6 Additional requirements.5. Melting Process5.1 Unless otherwise specified in the individual Product Specification, the steel shall be fully killed.5.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser,
31、 it shall be stated on the purchase order.5.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting, such aselectroslag remelting or vacuum remelting. If secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all of the ingot remeltedfrom a
32、single primary heat.5.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. When steel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identificationof the resultant transition material is required. The steel producer shall remove the transition material by an established procedurethat positively se
33、parates the grades.5.5 A sufficient discard shall be made from the source material to secure freedom from injurious porosity and shrinkage, andundue segregation.6. Manufacture6.1 The finished part shall be manufactured from a forging that is as close as practicable to the finished size or shape.Alte
34、rnativestarting materials may be used, but with the following exceptions and requirements.6.1.1 BarFlanges, elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directly from bar. Other hollowcylindrical shaped parts up to, and including, NPS 4 can be machined from bar provided that the
35、 axial length of the part isapproximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the starting stock.6.1.2 Wrought Seamless Pipe and TubingFlanges shall not be machined directly from seamless pipe or tubing. Other hollowcylindrical shaped parts can be machined from seamless pipe and tubing provided that
36、 the axial length of the part is approximatelyparallel to the metal flow lines of the starting stock.7. Heat Treatment7.1 Material requiring heat treatment shall be treated as specified in the individual product specification using the followingprocedures that are defined in more detail in Terminolo
37、gy A941.7.1.1 Full AnnealingMaterial shall be uniformly reheated to a temperature above the transformation range and, after holdingfor a sufficient time at this temperature, cooled slowly to a temperature below the transformation range.7.1.2 Solution AnnealingMaterial shall be heated to a temperatur
38、e that causes the chrome carbides to go into solution, andthen, quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means to prevent reprecipitation.7.1.3 Isothermal AnnealingIsothermal annealing shall consist of austenitizing a ferrous alloy, and then, cooling to and holdingwithin the range of temperature
39、 at which the austenite transforms to a relatively soft ferrite-carbide aggregate.7.1.4 Normalizing Material shall be uniformly reheated to a temperature above the transformation range, and subsequently,cooled in air at room temperature.7.1.5 Tempering and Post-Weld Heat TreatmentMaterial shall be r
40、eheated to the prescribed temperature below thetransformation range, held at temperature for the greater of 30 min or 1 h/in. 25.4 mm of thickness at the thickest section andcooled in still air.7.1.6 Stress RelievingMaterial shall be uniformly heated to the selected stress relieving temperature. The
41、 temperature shall notvary from the selected temperature by more than 625 F 614 C.7.1.7 Quench and TemperMaterial shall be fully austenitized and quenched immediately in a suitable liquid medium. Thequenched fittings shall be reheated to a minimum temperature of 1100 F 590 C and cooled in still air.
42、7.1.8 Same Heat Treat CycleHeat treat loads at the same temperature, equivalent soak times as appropriate for the maximumsection size on the respective load and equivalent cooling methods.8. Chemical Requirements8.1 Chemical AnalysisSamples for chemical analysis and methods of analysis shall be in a
43、ccordance with Test Methods,Practices, and Terminology A751.8.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentages ofthose elements specified in the individual product specification. If secondary melting processes are employed, the hea
44、t analysisA961/A961M 133shall be obtained from one remelted ingot, or the product of one remelted ingot, from each primary melt. The chemical analysisthus determined shall conform to the requirements of the individual product specification. Note that the product analysis (checkanalysis) tolerances a
45、re not to be applied to the Heat Analysis requirements.8.3 Product AnalysisIf a product analysis is performed it shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A751. Samples for analysis shall be taken from midway between center and surface of solid parts, midway betweeninner an
46、d outer surfaces of hollow parts, midway between center and surface of full-size prolongations or from broken mechanicaltest specimens. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the limits of the product specification, within thepermissible variations of Table 1 or Table 2 of this sp
47、ecification, as appropriate for the grade being supplied.TABLE 1 Product Analysis Tolerances for Higher Alloy andStainless SteelsA,BElement Limit or Maximum ofSpecified Range, Wt %Tolerance Over theMaximum Limit orUnder the MinimumLimitCarbon to 0.010, incl. 0.002over 0.010 to 0.030, incl. 0.005over
48、 0.030 to 0.20 incl. 0.01over 0.20 to 0.80, incl. 0.02Manganese to 1.00 incl. 0.03over 1.00 to 3.00 incl. 0.04over 3.00 to 6.00, incl. 0.05over 6.00 to 10.00, incl. 0.06Phosphorous to 0.040, incl. 0.005over 0.040 to 0.20, incl. 0.010Sulfur to 0.040 incl. 0.005over 0.040 to 0.20, incl. 0.010over 0.20
49、 to 0.50, incl. 0.020Silicon to 1.00, incl. 0.05over 1.00 to 3.00 incl. 0.10over 3.00 to 7.00, incl. 0.15Chromium over 4.00 to 10.00 incl. 0.10over 10.00 to 15.00 incl. 0.15over 15.00 to 20.00 incl. 0.20over 20.00 to 30.00 incl. 0.25Nickel to 1.00 incl. 0.03over 1.00 to 5.00 incl. 0.07over 5.00 to 10.00 incl. 0.10over 10.00 to 20.00 incl. 0.15over 20.00 to 30.00 incl. 0.20over 30.00 to 40.00, incl. 0.25Molybdenum to 0.20 incl. 0.01over 0.20 to 0.60 incl. 0.03over 0.60 to 2.00 incl. 0.05over 2.00 to 7.00 incl. 0.10Titanium to 1.00, incl
