1、Designation: A 962/A 962M 07aStandard Specification forCommon Requirements for Steel Fasteners or FastenerMaterials, or Both, Intended for Use at Any Temperaturefrom Cryogenic to the Creep Range1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 962/A 962M; the number immediately following the des
2、ignation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a
3、 group of common require-ments that shall apply to carbon, alloy and stainless steelfasteners or fastener materials, or both, under any of thefollowing ASTM Specifications (or under any other ASTMSpecifications that invoke this specification or portionsthereof):Title of Specifications ASTM Designati
4、onAlloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materialsfor High-Temperature ServiceA 193/A 193MCarbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for HighPressure and High-Temperature ServiceA 194/A 194MAlloy Steel Bolting Materials for Low-TemperatureServiceA 320/A 320MAlloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting MaterialSpeci
5、ally Heat Treated for High-TemperatureServiceA 437/A 437MHigh-Temperature Bolting Materials With ExpansionCoefficients Comparable to Austenitic StainlessSteelsA 453/A 453MAlloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications A 540/A 540MPrecipitation-Hardening Bolting Material (UNSN07718) for High
6、Temperature ServiceA 1014/A 1014M1.2 In case of conflict the requirements of the individualproduct specification shall prevail over those of this specifica-tion.1.3 Additional requirements may be specified by mutualagreement between the purchaser and supplier.1.4 Values stated in either inch-pound o
7、r SI units (metric)are to be regarded separately. The SI units are shown inbrackets within the text and tables. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system shallbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance
8、 with the specifi-cation. Inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designa-tion of the product specification is specified in the order.2. Referenced DocumentsThe following documents shall form a part of this specifi-cation to the extent specified. The latest issue shall apply unlessotherwise spec
9、ified.2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon andAlloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA 193/A 193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting Materials for High Temperature or HighPressure Service and Other Special Purpose ApplicationsA 194/A 194M Spec
10、ification for Carbon and Alloy SteelNuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High TemperatureService, or BothA 320/A 320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature ServiceA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 437/A 437M Sp
11、ecification for Alloy-Steel Turbine-TypeBolting Material Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature ServiceA 453/A 453M Specification for High-Temperature BoltingMaterials, with Expansion Coefficients Comparable toAustenitic Stainless SteelsA 484/A 484M Specification for General Requirements forSta
12、inless Steel Bars, Billets, and ForgingsA 540/A 540M Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting Mate-rials for Special ApplicationsA 574 Specification for Alloy Steel Socket-Head CapScrewsA 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for ShipmentA 751 Test Methods, Practic
13、es, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, GeneralRequirements1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel
14、Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approvedin 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A 962/A 962M 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, vis
15、it the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International,
16、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.A 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysA 1014/A 1014M Specification for Precipitation-HardeningBolting Material (UNS N07718) for High TemperatureServiceE3 Guide for Pre
17、paration of Metallographic SpecimensE 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,Blooms, and ForgingsE 384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Ma-terialsE 1417 Practice for Liquid Penetrant TestingE 1444 Practice for Magnetic Particle TestingE 1916 Guide for Identification and/or S
18、egregation ofMixed Lots of MetalsF 788/F 788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities ofBolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric Series2.2 ANSI Standards:B1.1 Screw Threads3B1.13M Metric Screw Threads M Profile3B1.2 Gages and Gaging for Unified Screw Threads3B1.3M Screw Thread Gaging Systems for
19、DimensionalAcceptability of Metric Screw Threads3B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws3B18.2.3.6M Metric Heavy BoltsB18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Screws32.3 Other Documents:ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bara
20、solid rolled or forged section that is long inrelationship to its cross-sectional dimensions with a relativelyconstant cross section throughout its length. See SpecificationA 29/A 29M for definitions relating to the production of hotwrought and cold finished bars.3.1.2 bolting materialrolled or forg
21、ed bars or blanks,wire, rod, threaded bar, rotary pierced or extruded seamlesstubes, bored bars, or forged hollows from forged or rolled barsegments to be manufactured into bolts, screws, studs, washers,and nuts.3.1.3 certifying organizationthe company or associationresponsible for the conformance a
22、nd marking of the product tothe specification requirements.3.1.4 classa term used to differentiate between differentheat treatment conditions or strength levels, or both, oftenwithin the same grade but sometimes within the same family ofmaterials. May also apply to work hardened condition orstrength
23、 level, or both.3.1.5 gradean alloy described individually and identifiedby its own designation in a table of chemical requirementswithin any specification.3.1.6 killed steelsteel deoxidized, by addition of strongdeoxidizing agents or by vacuum treatment, to reduce theoxygen content to such a level
24、that no reaction occurs betweencarbon and oxygen during solidification.3.1.7 length, fasteners subject to full size testingthatportion of the fastener whose body diameter is approximatelythe same as the nominal thread size.3.1.8 lotunless otherwise specified, a lot shall consist of:3.1.8.1 bolting m
25、aterial, heat treated in batch typefurnacesall material of the same heat or cast of material,condition, finish, and size subjected to the same heat treatmentin one tempering charge and submitted for inspection at thesame time.3.1.8.2 bolting material, heat treated in continuous typefurnacesall mater
26、ial of the same heat or cast of material,condition, finish, and size heat treated without interruption in acontinuous type furnace during an eight hour period.3.1.8.3 bolting material, non heat treated (strainhardened)all material of the same heat or cast of material,condition, reduction (cold work)
27、, finish and size.3.1.8.4 fasteners, machined from bolting materialall fas-teners machined from the same lot of material defined asoutlined in either 3.1.8.1 or 3.1.8.2, above without any subse-quent heat treatment or hot or cold forming.3.1.8.5 fasteners, heat treated in batch type furnacesallitems
28、 produced by any technique (forming, machining, etc.)from the same heat or cast of material, of the same priorcondition, the same size, and subjected to the same heattreatment in one tempering charge.3.1.8.6 fasteners, heat treated in continuous type furnacesall items produced by any technique (form
29、ing, machining, etc.)from the same heat or cast of material, of the same priorcondition, of the same size, subjected to the same heattreatment in a four hour period and in one tempering charge.3.1.8.7 fasteners, non heat treated (strain hardened)allfasteners of the same heat or cast of material, con
30、dition,reduction (cold work), finish and size.3.1.8.8 strain hardened materialaustenitic stainless steelmaterial which has been subjected to cold working sufficient tocause a significant increase in strength.3.2 DefinitionsFor definitions of other terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminolog
31、y A 941.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order all information necessary to purchase theneeded material. Examples of such information include, but arenot limited, to the following:4.1.1 Quantity and size,4.1.2 Product specification number with
32、grade, class, type,as applicable, and including the product specification year date,4.1.3 Any additional information required by the individualproduct specification,4.1.4 Supplementary requirements,4.1.5 Additional requirements (see 5.2, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 7.4,13.1, 13.3.1, 13.3.3, 13.5.2, 13.6, 15.8, a
33、nd 19.1).4.1.6 Additional ordering options provided in the individualproduct specification, and4.1.7 Dimensions (diameter, length of point, overall length,finish, shape, threads, etc.).3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/w
34、ww.ansi.org.4Available fromAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.A 962/A 962M 07a25. Melting Process5.1 Unless otherwise specified in the individual productspecification, the steel shall be fully killed. Use
35、 of the basicoxygen process shall be limited to grades containing less than6 % chromium.5.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser,it shall be stated on the purchase order.5.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-sing or refining and may be followed by secondary mel
36、tingsuch as electroslag remelting or vacuum remelting. If second-ary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all of theingot remelted from a single primary heat.5.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be continuously cast.When steel of different grades is continuously cast identifica-tion o
37、f the resultant transition material is required. The steelproducer shall remove the transition material by an establishedprocedure that positively separates the grades. Should thepurchaser deem it necessary to have the transition zone of twoheats of the same grade which are continuously cast discard
38、ed,the purchaser shall invoke Supplementary Requirement S53.5.5 QualityThe steel producer quality control proceduresshall provide sufficient testing of carbon and alloy steels inaccordance with Method E 381 or other suitable method asagreed upon between the purchaser and the producer to assurethe in
39、ternal quality of the product.5.5.1 Ingot Cast ProductVisual examination of transversesections shall show no imperfections worse than the macro-graphs of Method E 381 S2-R2-C3 or equivalent as agreedupon.5.5.2 Strand Cast ProductVisual examination of traversesections in accordance with Method E 381
40、shall reveal none ofthe conditions shown in macrographs 1-5, 7,12-18 of Plate III.Conditions 6, 8-11 shall not be present to a degree greater thanthe macrographs of Plates I and II, S2-R2-C3.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Bars shall be produced in accordance with Specifica-tions A 29/A 29M or A 484
41、/A 484M as applicable. Finish (hotor cold, ground, rough turned, drawn, etc.) shall be at theoption of the manufacturer unless otherwise specified.6.2 Fasteners shall be produced in accordance with theproduct specification.7. Chemical Composition7.1 Chemical AnalysisHeat or product chemical analysis
42、shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A 751.7.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat of steel shallbe made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentagesof those elements specified in the individual product specifi-cation. If secondary melting processes are emp
43、loyed, the heatanalysis shall be obtained from one remelted ingot or theproduct of one remelted ingot of each primary melt. Thechemical analysis thus determined shall conform to the require-ments of the individual product specification. Product analysis(check analysis) tolerances shall not be applie
44、d to heat analysisrequirements.7.3 Product AnalysisWhen performed, by manufacturer,purchaser, end user, and so forth, samples for analysis shall betaken from midway between center and surface of solid parts,midway between inner and outer surfaces of hollow parts,midway between center and surface of
45、full-size prolongationsor from broken mechanical test specimens. The chemicalcomposition thus determined shall conform to the limits of theproduct specification, within the permissible tolerances foundin Tables 5 and 6 of Specification A 29/A 29M and Table 1 ofSpecificationA 484/A 484M as appropriat
46、e for the grade beingsupplied. When multiple samples are taken from the same lotfor product analysis individual elements shall not vary bothabove and below the specified range.7.4 For continuous cast materials the requirements of 8.2 or8.3, as appropriate, of Specification A 788/A 788M shall bemet.7
47、.5 Steels with intentional additions of lead, bismuth, ortellurium shall not be supplied or used. Steels with intentionaladditions of selenium may only be supplied or used whenspecifically called out in the product specification.7.6 The starting material shall not contain any unspecifiedelements, ot
48、her than nitrogen in austenitic stainless steels, forthe ordered grade(s) to the extent that it then conforms to therequirements of another grade for which that element is aspecified element having a required minimum content.8. Mechanical Properties8.1 Method of Mechanical TestsAll tests shall be co
49、n-ducted in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370unless otherwise specified.8.2 For the purpose of determining conformance to theproduct specification requirements, specimens shall be ob-tained from the production material, or, in the case of forgings,from separately forged test blanks prepared from the stock usedto make the finished product. Heat treatment shall be com-pleted prior to removal of material for mechanical testing.8.3 If separately forged test blanks are used, they shall be ofthe same heat of steel, be subjected to substantially
