1、Designation: A965/A965M 12Standard Specification forSteel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and HighTemperature Parts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A965/A965M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers austenitic stainless steel forg-ings for boilers, pressure vessels, high temper
3、ature parts, andassociated equipment.1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use whenadditional testing, inspection, or processing is required. Inaddition, supplementary requirements from SpecificationA788/A788M may be specified when appropriate.1.3 This specification includes the austenitic
4、 steel forgingsthat were a part of Specification A336/A336M.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningva
5、lues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-tion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated w
6、ith its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A336/A336M Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings forPressure and
7、 High-Temperature PartsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA745/A745M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Aus-tenitic Steel ForgingsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size2.2 Other
8、Standards:ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, including SectionVIII Pressure Vessels and Section IX Welding Qualifica-tions33. Ordering Information and General Requirements3.1 In addition to the ordering information required bySpecification A788/A788M, the intended use should be statedif 5.1 is to
9、 be applicable.3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-lines additional ordering information, manufacturing require-ments, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking,certification, product analysis variations, and
10、 additional supple-mentary requirements.3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, therequirements of this specification shall prevail.3.4 If the forgings are intended for use under the ASMEBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code at temper
11、atures exceeding1000F 540C, then use Supplementary Requirement S7.Grain size requirements for service exceeding 1000F 540Cshould be specified unless the required grade has the suffix“H.”4. Melting and Forging4.1 In addition to the melting and forging requirements ofSpecification A788/A788M, which ma
12、y include Supplemen-tary Requirement S8, the following condition applies:4.1.1 A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedomfrom injurious pipe and undue segregation.5. Machining5.1 Forged pressure vessels for steam power service shallhave the inner surface machined or ground. Unfired pressur
13、evessels shall have the inner surfaces sufficiently free of scale topermit inspection.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition a
14、pproved March 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A965/A965M 10.DOI: 10.1520/A0965_A0965M-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of A
15、STMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standar
16、d.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 When rough machining is performed, it may be doneeither before or after heat treatment.6. Heat Treatment6.1 Forgings shall be furnished in the solution treatedcondition. On complet
17、ion of forging operations, the forgingsshall be solution annealed and quenched in water, oil, or apolymer water solution. Direct quenching after completion offorging without subsequent reheating to the temperaturesprescribed in 6.2-6.5 is not permissible.6.2 For Grades F304H, F309H, F310H, F316H, F3
18、21H,F347H, and F 348H, the minimum solution annealing tempera-ture shall be 1925F 1050C.6.3 Grades FXM-11 and FXM-19 shall be solution annealedat 1950F 1065C.6.4 Grade F46 shall be solution annealed in the temperaturerange of 20102140F 11001170C.6.5 The remaining grades in Table 1 shall be solutiona
19、nnealed at a minimum temperature of 1900F 1040C.7. Chemical Composition7.1 Heat AnalysisThe heat analysis obtained from sam-pling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shallcomply with Table 1.7.2 Product AnalysisThe manufacturer shall use the prod-uct analysis provision of Specification A788/
20、A788M to obtaina product analysis from a forging representing each heat ormultiple heat. The product analysis tolerances for carbon shallnot apply, and the carbon requirements shall conform to Table1.7.3 Types (common names) and UNS designations follow:Grade Type UNS DesignationF304 304 S30400F304H
21、304H S30409F304L 304L S30403F304N 304N S30451F304LN 304LN S30453F309H 309H S30909F310 310 S31000F310H 310H S31009F316 316 S31600F316H 316H S31609F316L 316L S31603F316N 316N S31651F316LN 316LN S31653F321 321 S32100F321H 321H S32109F347 347 S34700F347H 347H S34709F348 348 S34800F348H 348H S34809FXM-19
22、 XM19 S20910FXM-11 XM11 S21904F46 S306008. Mechanical Properties8.1 RequirementsThe material shall conform to the re-quirements for mechanical properties prescribed in Table 2 or,if applicable, Supplementary Requirement S2. The largestobtainable tension test specimen as specified in Test Methodsand
23、Definitions A370 shall be used.8.2 Number of TestsThe number and location of tests arebased on the heat-treated weight of the forging(s) from thesame heat, solution annealed in the same furnace charge.8.2.1 For forgings weighing less than 5000 lb 2250 kg asheat treated, one tension test shall be req
24、uired on the basis ofone test per heat in each heat treatment load. This test shall betaken from a prolongation of one of the forgings. Use of aseparately forged test bar for the mechanical test specimens,instead of an integral prolongation, is acceptable for forgingsweighing less than 5000 lb 2250
25、kg, provided that theheat-treated cross section of the test bar is not less than themaximum heat-treated cross section of the forgings it repre-sents. The separately forged test bar shall be from the sameheat as the forgings it represents and shall accompany theforgings during heat treatment.8.2.2 W
26、hen heat treatment is performed in continuous typefurnaces equipped with recording pyrometers, such that com-plete heating records are available, a solution annealing chargemay be considered as any continuous run not exceeding an 8 hperiod.8.2.3 For forgings weighing over 5000 lb 2250 kg, as heattre
27、ated, one tension test shall be taken from a prolongation oneach forging.8.3 The longitudinal axis of the tension test specimen shallbe parallel to the direction of major working of the forging,except when Supplementary Requirement S2 is specified. Forupset disk forgings the longitudinal axis of the
28、 specimen shallbe in either the tangential or radial direction.8.3.1 The location of the longitudinal axis of the tension testspecimen shall be located midway between the parallel sur-faces of the test extension, if added to the periphery of disks,or midway between the center and surface of solid fo
29、rgings.For hollow forgings, or those heat treated after boring, thespecimen shall be located at midwall. For the special case offorgings that are heat treated solid, but are subsequently bored,the tension test specimen may be taken at the location of theminimum inside diameter after boring instead o
30、f the mid-radiusposition.9. Grain Size9.1 For Grades F304H, F316H, F309H, F310H, F321H,F347H, and F348H, the grain size of the forgings shall beascertained according to Test Methods E112, after solutiontreatment. One sample shall be examined for each tensilespecimen required in 8.2 and shall be take
31、n from the tensiontest location. The grain size shall be number 6, or coarser, overat least 75 % of the surveyed area.10. Repair Welding10.1 Repair welding of forgings may be permitted but onlyat the option of the purchaser. Such repair welds shall be madein accordance with Section IX of the ASME Bo
32、iler andPressure Vessel Code.11. Marking11.1 The marking requirements of Specification A788/A788M apply.A965/A965M 122TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAustenitic SteelsGradeElementF304F304HF304LF304NF304LNF309HF310F310HF316F316HF316LF316NF316LNF321F321HF347F347HF348F348HFXM-19FXM-11F46ACarbon 0.08max0.0
33、40.100.030max0.08max0.030max0.040.100.15 max0.040.100.08max0.040.100.035max0.08max0.030 0.08max0.040.100.08 max0.040.100.08max0.040.100.06max0.04max0.018 maxManganese 2.00max2.00max2.00 max2.00max2.00 max 2.00 max2.00 max2.00 max 2.00max2.00max2.00max2.00max2.00max2.00max2.00max2.00 max2.00 max2.00m
34、ax2.00max4.06.08.010.02.00 maxPhosphorus,max0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.040 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.020Sulfur, max 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030
35、 0.030 0.030 0.020Silicon 1.00max1.00max1.00 max1.00max1.00 max 1.00 max1.00 max1.00 max 1.00max1.00max1.00max1.00max1.00max1.00max1.00max1.00 max1.00 max1.00max1.00max1.00max1.00max3.74.3Nickel 8.011.08.011.08.012.08.011.08.011.012.015.019.022.019.022.010.014.010.014.010.015.010.013.010.013.09.0-12
36、.0 9.012.09.012.09.012.09.012.09.012.011.513.55.57.514.015.5Chromium 18.020.018.020.018.020.018.020.018.020.022.024.024.026.024.026.016.018.016.018.016.018.016.018.016.018.017.0-19.017.019.017.019.017.019.017.019.017.019.020.523.519.021.517.018.5Molybdenum . . . . . . . . 2.003.002.003.002.003.002.0
37、03.002.003.00. . . . . . 1.503.00. 0.20 maxNitrogen . . . 0.100.160.100.16. . . . . . 0.100.160.100.160.10max. . . . . 0.200.400.150.40.Columbiumand tan-talum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B83Cmin to1.10 max103Cmin to1.10max83Cmin to1.10max0.100.30. .Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . .CD. . . . . . .Ta
38、ntalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.10max0.10max. . .Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.100.30. .Cobalt, max . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.020 0.020 . . .UNSDesignationS30400 S30409 S30403 S30451 S30453 S30909 S31000 S31009 S31600 S31609 S31603S31651S31653 S32100 S32109 S3
39、4700 S34709 S34800 S34809 S20910S21904 S30600AF46 shall have a maximum copper content of 0.50.BF347 shall have a columbium content of not less than ten times the carbon content and not more than 1.10 %. (Alternatively, tantalum may be substituted for part of the columbium as approved by the purchase
40、r.)CF321 shall have a titanium content of not less than 5x (C+N) and not more than 0.70 %.DF321H shall have a titanium content of not less than 4x (C+N) and not more than 0.70 %.A965/A965M123TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsAustenitic SteelsGradeF304 F304H F304L F304N F304LN F309H F310 F310H F316 F316H F
41、316L F316N F316LN F321 F321H F347 F347H F348 F348H FXM-19 FXM-11 F46Tensile strengthmin, ksi MPa704857048565450805507048570485755157048570485704856545080550704857048570485704857048570485704851006909062078100540690Yield strength(0.2 % offset),min, ksi MPa3020530205251703524030205302053020530205302053
42、0205251703524030205302053020530205302053020530205553805034532220Elongation in2 in. or 50mm, min,%30 30 30 25 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 25 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 40 40Reduction ofarea, min,%45 45 45 45 45 45 35 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 50 50 50A965/A965M12412. Test Reports12.1 The certificatio
43、n requirements of Specification A788/A788M shall apply.13. Keywords13.1 austenitic stainless steel forgings; high temperatureservice; pressure containing parts; pressure vessel serviceSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by
44、 thepurchaser in the inquiry, contract, and order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall beagreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.S1. Rough Turning and BoringS1.1 The position of the rough turning and boring in thesequence of manufacturing operations shall be specified.S2
45、. Transverse Tension TestS2.1 Instead of the test specimen orientation requirementsin 8.3, the longitudinal axis of the test specimens shall betransverse to the direction of major working of the forging. Theresults shall conform with requirements of Table 2, with theexception of the ductility limits
46、 which shall be as prescribed inTable S2.1.S3. Hydrostatic TestS3.1 Ahydrostatic pressure test shall be applied. The detailsof the test, including its position in the sequence of manufac-turing operations, shall be specified.S4. Stabilization Heat TreatmentS4.1 When specified, Grades F347 and F321 s
47、hall receivestabilization treatment, which shall consist of holding theforging at 1500 to 1600F 815 to 870C, for not less than2 h/in. of thickness and then cooling in the furnace or in stillair.S5. MarkingS5.1 Forgings shall be marked at a location indicated by thepurchaser in the purchase order or
48、drawing.S6. Individual ForgingS6.1 Forgings, whether identical or not identical, shall beproduced individually. They shall not be forged in multiple andseparated prior to or after heat treatment.S6.2 The shape and size of individual forgings shall beagreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser
49、by meansof a forging drawing or the purchase order.S7. Grain Size Requirements for Service Exceeding1000F 540CS7.1 For design metal temperatures above 1000F 540C,the forgings shall have a grain size of 7 or coarser asdetermined in accordance with Test Methods E112. The actualgrain size shall be reported on the certificate of test.S8. Ultrasonic InspectionS8.1 An ultrasonic ins
