1、Designation: A 975 97 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Specification forDoubleTwisted Hexagonal Mesh Gabions and RevetMattresses (MetallicCoated Steel Wire or Metallic-CoatedSteel Wire With Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Coating)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 975; the number immediately
2、 following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This speci
3、fication covers gabions and revet mattressesproduced from double-twisted metallic-coated wire mesh, andmetallic-coated wire for lacing wire, stiffeners, and fastenersused for manufacturing, assembling, and installation of theproduct. This specification also covers gabions and revetmattresses in whic
4、h the wire mesh, lacing wire, and stiffenersare poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) coated after the metallic coat-ing.1.2 Double-twisted wire mesh for gabions and revet mat-tresses is produced in different styles, based on type of coating,as described in Section 4.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be
5、 regarded as thestandard. The values given in brackets are for information only.1.4 This specification references notes and footnotes whichprovide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (ex-cluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered asrequirements of this specification.1.5
6、 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 13, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to consult and establish appropr
7、iate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:A 90/A 90M Test Method for Weight (Mass) of Coating onIron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy Coating2A 313 Specification for Chromium-Nickel Stainl
8、ess andHeat-Resisting Steel Spring Wire3A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel Products3A 428 Test Method for Weight of Coating on AluminumCoated Iron and Steel Articles2A 641 Specification for Zinc Coated (Galvanized) CarbonSteel Wire2A 764 Specification for Steel Wire, C
9、arbon, Drawn Galva-nized and Galvanized at Size for Mechanical Springs3A 809 Specification for Aluminum-Coated (Aluminized)Carbon Steel Wire2A 856/A 856M Specification for Zinc-5% Aluminum-Mischmetal Alloy-Coated Carbon Steel Wire2A 902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel Prod-ucts2B 117 T
10、est Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing4D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers-Tension5D 746 Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plasticsand Elastomers by Impact6D 792 Test Methods for Specific Gravity (Relative density)and Density of P
11、lastics by Displacement6D 1242 Test Methods for Resistance of Plastic Materials toAbrasion6D 1499 Practice for Operating Light-and Water-ExposureApparatus (Carbon-Arc Type) for Exposure of Plastics6D 2240 Test Method for Rubber Property-Durometer Hard-ness5G 23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure
12、Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials73. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Refer to Terminology A 902 for general terminologyrelating to metallic-coated steel products.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 gabion, na double-twisted w
13、ire mesh container ofvariable sizes, uniformly partitioned into internal cells, inter-connected with other similar units, and filled with stone at the1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 onMetallic Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the direct responsibility ofSubco
14、mmittee A05.12 on Wire Specifications.Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as A 975 - 97.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.06.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 0
15、3.02.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.7Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.project site to form flexible, permeable, monolithic s
16、tructuressuch as retaining walls, sea wall, channel linings, revetments,and weirs for erosion control projects (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).3.2.2 revet mattress, na double-twisted wire mesh con-tainer uniformly partitioned into internal cells with relativelysmall height in relation to other dimensions, h
17、aving smallermesh openings than the mesh used for gabions; revet mat-tresses are generally used for riverbank protection and channellinings (see Fig. 3).3.2.3 double-twisted wire mesh, na nonraveling meshmade by twisting continuous pairs of wires through threeone-half turns (commonly called double-t
18、wisted) to formhexagonal-shaped openings which are then interconnected toadjacent wires to form hexagonal openings.3.2.4 selvedge wire, na terminal wire used to edge thewire mesh perpendicular to the double twist by mechanicallywrapping the mesh wires around it at least 2.5 times or byinserting it t
19、hroughout the twists and folding one mesh length.3.2.5 edge wire, na terminal wire used to edge the wiremesh parallel to the double twist by continuously weaving itinto the wire mesh.3.2.6 lacing wire, nfor gabions and revet mattresses,ametallic-coated steel wire or metallic-coated steel wire withPV
20、C coating used to assemble and interconnect empty units, toclose and secure stone-filled units, and for internal stiffeners.3.2.7 fastener, nan alternate method to lacing wire usedfor binding operations for gabions and revet mattresses.3.2.8 stiffener, nfor gabions, a length of metallic-coatedsteel
21、wire or metallic-coated steel wire with PVC coating usedfor support of facing by connecting the front panel to the backpanel of a gabion (stiffener formed at the project site using wirehaving the same diameter as for the lacing wire (see Table 1)or across the corners of a gabion cell (preformed stif
22、fenerhaving a diameter as specified in Table 1).3.3 Abbreviations: Abbreviations:3.3.1 PVCpoly(vinyl chloride).3.3.2 Zn-5A1-MMzinc-5 % aluminum-mischmetal alloy.4. Classification4.1 Double-twisted wire gabions and revet mattresses areclassified according to coating, as follows:4.1.1 Style 1, consist
23、s of double-twisted wire mesh madefrom wire which is zinc coated before being double-twistedinto mesh. Fasteners, lacing wire, and stiffeners are producedfrom zinc-coated wire.4.1.2 Style 2, consists of double-twisted wire mesh madefrom wire which is coated with Zn-5A1-MM before beingdouble-twisted
24、into mesh. Fasteners, lacing wire, and stiffenersare also produced from Zn-5A1-MM coated wire.4.1.3 Style 3, consists of double-twisted mesh, lacing wire,and stiffeners as Style 1 and overcoated with PVC. Fastenersshall be of stainless steel wire.4.1.4 Style 4, consists of double-twisted mesh made f
25、romwire which is aluminum-coated before being double-twistedinto mesh. Fasteners, lacing wire, and stiffeners are alsoproduced from aluminum-coated wire.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include thefollowing information:5.1.1 Quantity (number of units) as sho
26、wn on plan,5.1.2 Product type (gabions or revet mattresses),5.1.3 Size (length by width by height),5.1.4 Style of coating (Section 4), including the specificstyle to be furnished, or all acceptable styles,5.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue,5.1.6 Any special requirements (see 8.2.5), and5.1.7 C
27、ertification, if required (see Section 15).NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 100 gabions, 2 by1by1mor6by3by3ft, 100 revet mattresses 4 by 2 by 0.23 m or 12by 6 by 0.75 ft and 100 lids 4 by2mor12by6ftasshown on plans;Style 1, 2, 3, or 4 with required fasteners or lacing wire and sti
28、ffeners;conforming to ASTM A-975.6. Material and Manufacture6.1 The wire used in the manufacture of double-twistedmesh for use in gabions and revet mattresses shall conform tothe specifications shown in 6.1.1, 6.1.2, 6.1.3, or 6.1.4 asappropriate for the style ordered, except that the tensilestrengt
29、h shall conform to 7.1.6.1.1 Style 1 double-twisted mesh shall be manufacturedfrom zinc-coated steel wire conforming to Specification A 641,Class 3 coating, soft temper.6.1.2 Style 2 double-twisted mesh shall be manufacturedfrom Zn-5A1-MM-coated steel wire conforming to Specifica-tion A 856/A 856M,
30、Class 3 coating, soft temper.6.1.3 Style 3 double-twised mesh shall be manufacturedfrom the same type of metallic-coated steel wire as Style 1 withan additional PVC coating extruded onto the metallic-coatedsteel wire. The PVC coating shall conform to the properties in8.2.6.1.3.1 Original or modified
31、 thermoplastic polymers alongwith their application methods can be permitted as a substitutefor PVC coatings, as long as their performance is equivalent tothe performance requirements of the PVC coating.FIG. 1 GabionA 975 97 (2003)26.1.4 Style 4 double-twisted mesh shall be manufacturedfrom aluminum
32、-coated steel wire conforming to SpecificationA 809, soft temper.6.2 Lacing wire and stiffeners shall be made of wire havingthe same coating material as the double-twisted wire meshfurnished on the order and conforming to Specification A 641,A 856/A 856M, or A 809, with a tensile strength in accorda
33、ncewith 7.16.3 Fasteners made from zinc-coated steel wire, zinc-5 %aluminum mischmetal alloy-coated steel wire and aluminum-coated steel wire shall conform to Specification A 764, Type A,B, or C, Class 3, with a tensile strength in accordance with 7.2.Fasteners made from stainless steel wire shall c
34、onform toSpecification A 313, Type 302, with a tensile strength inaccordance with 7.2.6.4 Gabions and revet mattresses shall be manufacturedwith all components mechanically connected at the productionfacility with the exception of the mattress lid which is producedseparately from the base (see Fig.
35、1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3). Allgabions (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) and revet mattresses (Fig. 3) shallbe supplied in the collapsed form, either folded and bundled orrolled, for shipping.FIG. 2 Mechanically Manufactured GabionFIG. 3 Revet MattressA 975 97 (2003)37. Mechanical Properties7.1 Tensile Strength The t
36、ensile strength of wire used fordouble-twisted mesh, lacing wire, and stiffener, when tested inaccordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370, shall bein accordance with the requirements of Specification A 641,A 809, and A 856/A 856M for soft temper wire.7.2 FastenersThe tensile strength of zinc
37、-coated steelwire, zinc-5 % aluminum mischmetal alloy-coated steel wireand aluminum-coated steel wire used for fasteners shall be inaccordance with the requirements of Specification A 764, TypeA, B, or C, Table 2 or Table 3. The tensile strength of stainlesssteel wire used for fasteners shall be in
38、accordance with therequirements of Specification A 313, Type 302, Table 2. Anyfastener system shall give the number of fasteners required tocomply with Table 2 in accordance with the pull-part resistancetest (see 13.1.2). The manufacturer or supplier shall state thenumber of fasteners required for a
39、ll vertical and horizontalconnections for single- and multiple-basket joinings and shallinclude a description of a properly installed fastener includingdrawings or photographs.7.3 Mesh and Panel to Panel Joint StrengthThe minimumstrength requirements of the mesh, selvedge wire to meshconnection, pan
40、el to panel connection, and punch test, whentested in accordance with 13.1, shall be as shown in Table 2.8. Physical Properties8.1 Metallic Coating The coating weights shall conformto the requirements of Specification A 641, Class 3, for zinccoating or Specification A 856/A 856M, Class 3, for Zn-5A1
41、-MM coating, or Specification A 809 for aluminum coat-ing.8.2 PVC for Coating The initial properties of PVCcoating material shall have a demonstrated ability to conformto the following requirements:8.2.1 Specific Gravity In the range from 1.30 to 1.35when tested in accordance with Test Method D 792.
42、8.2.2 Tensile Strength Not less than 20.6 MPa 2985 psiwhen tested in accordance with Test Methods D 412.8.2.3 Modulus of ElasticityNot less than 18.6 MPa 2700psi when tested in accordance with Test Methods D 412.8.2.4 HardnessShore“ D” between 50 and 60, whentested in accordance with Test Method D 2
43、240.8.2.5 Brittleness TemperatureNot higher than 9C15F, or lower temperature when specified by the purchaser,when tested in accordance with Test Method D 746 (see Note2).NOTE 2The maximum brittleness temperature should be at least 8C15F below the minimum temperature at which the gabions will befille
44、d.8.2.6 Resistance to AbrasionThe percentage of the weightloss shall be less than 12 %, when tested in accordance withTest Method D 1242.8.2.7 Salt Spray Exposure and Ultraviolet Light Exposure:8.2.7.1 The PVC shall show no effect after 3000 h of saltspray exposure in accordance with Test Method B 1
45、17.8.2.7.2 The PVC shall show no effect of exposure toultraviolet light with test exposure of 3000 h, using apparatusType E and 63C 145F, when tested in accordance withPractice D 1499 and G 23.8.2.7.3 Evaluation of Coating After Salt Spray and Ultra-violet Exposure TestAfter the salt spray test and
46、exposure toultraviolet light as specified in 8.2.7.1 and 8.2.7.2, the PVCcoating shall not show cracks nor noticeable change of color, orblisters or splits. In addition, the specific gravity, tensilestrength, hardness, and resistance to abrasion shall not changemore than 6 %, 25 %, 10 %, and 10 %, r
47、espectively, from theirinitial values.8.2.8 The PVC coating shall not show cracks or breaks afterthe wires are twisted in the fabrication of the mesh.8.3 Salt Spray Resistance for FastenerAfter testing inaccordance with 13.1.3, the fasteners, the selvedge, or meshwire confined by the fasteners shall
48、 show no rusty spots on anypart of the surface excluding the cut ends.TABLE 1 Mesh CharacteristicsAGabion Revet MattressesCharacteristicsMetallicCoatedPVC CoatedMetallicCoatedPVC CoatedMesh Type 8 by 10 6 by 8Mesh Opening 83 by 114 mm 83 by 114 mm 64 by 83 mm 64 by 83 mm3.25 by 4.5in.3.25 by 4.5in.2
49、.5 by 3.25in.2.5 by 3.25in.Mesh wire 3.05 mm 2.7 mm 2.2 mm 2.2 mm0.120 in. 0.106 in. 0.087 in. 0.087 in.Selvedge wire 3.8 mm 3.4 mm 2.7 mm 2.7 mm0.150 in. 0.134 in. 0.105 in. 0.105 in.Lacing wire 2.2 mm 2.2 mm 2.2 mm 2.2 mm0.087 in. 0.087 in. 0.087 in. 0.087 in.Fasteners 3.0 mm 3.0 mm 3.0 mm 3.0 mm0.118 in. 0.118 in. 0.118 in. 0.118 in.Stiffeners:Using lacingwire2.2 mm 2.2 mm 2.2 mm 2.2 mm0.087 in. 0.087 in. 0.087 in. 0.087 in.Preformed 3.8 mm 3.4 mm N/A N/A0.150 in. 0.134 in.PVC coatin
