1、Designation: A 985/A 985M 08Standard Specification forSteel Investment Castings General Requirements, forPressure-Containing Parts1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 985/A 985M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of common require-ments that are mandatory for steel casti
3、ngs produced by theinvestment casting process for pressure-containing parts undereach of the following ASTM Specifications:Title of Specification ASTM DesignationSteel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, A 216/A 216Mfor High-Temperature ServiceSteel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and All
4、oy, for A 217/A 217MPressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature ServiceCastings, Austenitic, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex), A 351/A 351Mfor Pressure-Containing PartsSteel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure- A 352/A 352MContaining Parts, Suitable for Low-TemperatureServiceSt
5、eel Castings, Alloy, Specially Heat-Treated, for A 389/A 389MPressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature ServiceSteel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service A 487/A 487M1.2 This specification also covers a group of supplementaryrequirements, which may be applied to the above specificati
6、onsas indicated therein. These requirements are provided for usewhen additional testing or inspection is desired and apply onlywhen specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.3 When investment casting is ordered, the requirements ofthis specification shall take precedence over the indivi
7、dualmaterial specification requirements.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two sy
8、stems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility o
9、f regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 216/A 216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon,Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Ser-viceA 217/A 217M Specification for Steel Castings, MartensiticStainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Part
10、s, Suit-able for High-Temperature ServiceA 351/A 351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, forPressure-Containing PartsA 352/A 352M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic andMartensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable forLow-Temperature ServiceA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for M
11、echanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 380 Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation ofStainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and SystemsA 389/A 389M Specification for Steel Castings, Alloy, Spe-cially Heat-Treated, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-able for High-Temperature ServiceA 487/A 487M Sp
12、ecification for Steel Castings Suitable forPressure ServiceA 488/A 488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Quali-fications of Procedures and PersonnelA 609/A 609M Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy,and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic ExaminationThereofA 751 Test Methods, Practices,
13、and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA 800/A 800M Practice for Steel Casting, Austenitic Alloy,Estimating Ferrite Content ThereofA 903/A 903M Specification for Steel Castings, SurfaceAcceptance Standards, Magnetic Particle and Liquid Pen-etrant InspectionA 941 Terminology Relating t
14、o Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysA 967 Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current editi
15、on approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A 985/A 985M 04a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume
16、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.for Stainless Steel PartsA 991/A 991M Test
17、 Method for Conducting TemperatureUniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat SteelProductsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE 125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indica-tions on F
18、errous CastingsE 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant ExaminationE 186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-in. 51 to 114-mm) Steel CastingsE 192 Reference Radiographs of Investment Steel Castingsfor Aerospace ApplicationsE 208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test toDetermine Nil-
19、Ductility Transition Temperature of FerriticSteelsE 280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to12-in. 114 to 305-mm) Steel CastingsE 340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and AlloysE 353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless,Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nic
20、kel-Iron AlloysE 354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron,Nickel, and Cobalt AlloysE 446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.51 mm in ThicknessE 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing2.2 ANSI Standard:3B16.5 Steel Pipe
21、Flanges and Flanged Fittings2.3 ASME Standard:4ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III,NB-25462.4 Standards of the Manufacturers Standardization Soci-ety of the Valve and Fitting Industry:5MSS SP 53 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Compo
22、nents (DryMagnetic Particle Inspection Method)MSS SP 54 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Ra-diographic Inspection Method)2.5 SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice:6ARP 1341 Determining Decarburization and Carburizationin Finished Parts of
23、 Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions in Test Methods and Defi-nitions A 370 and Terminology A 941 are applicable to thisspecification and those listed in 1.1.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heat, nall the molten metal poured from a singlefu
24、rnace or all of the molten metal from two or more furnacespoured into a single ladle or casting prior to the replenishing ofthe furnace(s).3.2.2 investment casting, na metal casting that is pro-duced in a mold obtained by investing (surrounding) anexpendable pattern with a ceramic slurry, which is a
25、llowed tosolidify. The expendable pattern may consist of wax, plastic, orother material and is removed prior to filling the mold withliquid metal.3.2.3 master heat, na single furnace charge of alloy thatmay be either poured directly into castings or into remelt alloyfor individual melts.3.2.4 subhea
26、t, na portion of master heat remelted withonly minor additions for deoxidation for pouring into castings.Syn. melt, production heat.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Melting ProcessMaster heats shall be made by theelectric furnace process with or without separate refining suchas argon-oxygen-decarburi
27、zation (AOD), vacuum-oxygen-degassing (VOD), vacuum-induction-melting (VIM), and soforth, unless otherwise specified in the individual specificationor agreed upon between the customer and producer. Masterheats may be used directly for producing castings or convertedinto ingot, bar, shot, or other su
28、itable form, not including gatesand risers from casting production, for later remelting as asubheat.4.2 Re-Melting ProcessSubheats shall be produced frommaster heat metal in suitable batch sizes by electric inductionfurnace, with or without atmosphere protection, such asvacuum or inert gas unless ot
29、herwise agreed upon between thecustomer and producer. Revert (gates, sprues, risers, andrejected castings) shall not be remelted except in master heats.4.3 Heat Treatment:4.3.1 Ferritic and martensitic steel shall be cooled afterpouring to provide substantially complete transformation ofaustenite pr
30、ior to heat treatment to enhance mechanical prop-erties.4.3.2 Castings shall be heat treated in the working zone of afurnace that has been surveyed in accordance with Test MethodA 991/A 991M.4.3.2.1 When castings are heat treated at temperaturesabove 2000F 1100C, then the working zone shall have bee
31、nestablished by a survey performed at not more than 25F15C below nor more than 200F 110C above the mini-mum heat treatment temperature specified for the grade. If aminimum heat treatment temperature is not specified for thegrade, then the survey temperature shall be not more than 50F30C below nor mo
32、re than 175F 100C above the furnaceset point used.4.3.2.2 The maximum variation in measured temperature asdetermined by the difference between the highest temperature3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Availa
33、ble from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss
34、-.6Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.A 985/A 985M 082and the lowest temperature shall be as agreed between thepurchaser and producer except that during production heattreatment no portion of the furnace shall be be
35、low theminimum specified temperature nor above the maximumspecified temperature for the grade being processed.4.4 Sampling:4.4.1 If castings are poured directly from one or moremaster heats, then the samples for chemical and other requiredtesting also shall be poured directly from each of the master
36、heats.4.4.2 If castings are poured from a subheat, then the samplesfor chemical and other required testing also shall be pouredfrom a subheat of that same master heat, but not necessarilyfrom the same subheat as the castings. The subheat used for thetest samples shall be produced using the same prac
37、tices andadditions as used for the castings.4.4.3 Test specimens may be taken from castings or fromcoupons cast either integrally with the castings, in the samemolds as the castings, or in separate molds.4.4.4 Separately cast specimens for tension testing shall becast in molds of the same type and m
38、aterial as those used forthe castings, as shown in Figs. 1-4 and Table 2, except whenSupplementary Requirement S26 is specified. The test couponin Fig. 4 shall be employed only for austenitic alloy castingswith cross sections less than 212 in.75. Chemical Composition5.1 Chemical AnalysisChemical ana
39、lysis of materialscovered by this specification shall be in accordance with TestMethods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.5.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of samples obtained inaccordance with 4.4 or Supplementary Requirement S27 asappropriate, shall be made by the manufacturer to determinethe percentag
40、es of the elements specified for the grade beingpoured. When drillings are used, they shall be taken not lessthan116 in. 1.6 mm beneath the surface. The chemicalcomposition thus determined shall be reported to the purchaser,or his representative, and shall conform to the requirements inthe individua
41、l specification for the grade being poured.5.3 Product AnalysisA product analysis may be made bythe purchaser from material representing each master heat,subheat, lot, or casting. The analysis shall be made onrepresentative material. Samples for carbon analysis shall be7Information on the relationsh
42、ip of mechanical properties determined on testcoupons obtained as specified in 4.4.4 with those obtained from the casting may befound in “The Steel Castings Handbook,” Fifth Edition, Steel Founders Society ofAmerica, 1980, pp. 15-35 through 15-43.Metric Equivalentsin. 0.00518 0.252 0.375 0.385916 1
43、3mm 0.15 3 6.40 9.50 9.75 15 30 75FIG. 1 Design and Dimensions of the ICI Test BarTABLE 1 Product Analysis Tolerances for Carbon and Low-AlloySteelsElement RangeATolerancesB,Cover maxor under min, Limit, %Carbon (C) up to 0.65 % 0.03 3 %CL+ 0.02above 0.65 % 0.04 %Manganese (Mn) up to 1 % 0.08 3 %MnL
44、+ 0.01above 1 % 0.09Silicon (Si) up to 0.60 % 0.22 3 %SiL- 0.01above 0.60 % 0.15 %Phosphorus (P) all 0.13 3 %PL+ 0.005Sulfur (S) all 0.36 3 %SL+ 0.001Nickel (Ni) up to 2 % 0.10 3 %NiL+ 0.003above 2 % 0.25 %Chromium (Cr) up to 2 % 0.07 3 %CrL+ 0.04above 2 % 0.18 %Molybdenum (Mo) up to 0.6 % 0.04 3 %M
45、oL+ 0.03above 0.6 % 0.06 %Vanadium (V) up to 0.25 % 0.23 3 %VL+ 0.004above 0.25 % 0.06 %Tungsten (W) up to 0.10 % 0.08 3 %WL+ 0.02above 0.10 % 0.02 %Copper (Cu) up to 0.15 % 0.18 3 %CuL+ 0.02above 0.15 % 0.05 %Aluminum (Al) up to 0.10 % 0.08 3 %AlL+ 0.02above 0.10 % 0.03 %AThe range denotes the comp
46、osition limits up to which the tolerances arecomputed by the equation, and above which the tolerances are given by aconstant.BThe subscriptLfor the elements in each equation indicates that the limits ofthe element specified by the applicable specification are to be inserted into theequation to calcu
47、late the tolerance for the upper limit and the lower limit, ifapplicable, respectively. Examples of computing tolerances are presented in thefootnote C.CTo compute the tolerances, consider the manganese limits 0.50 - 80 % ofGrade WC4 of Specification A 217/A 217M. According to Table 1, the maximumpe
48、rmissible deviation of a product analysis below the lower limit 0.50 is 0.05 % =(0.08 3 0.50 + 0.01). The lowest acceptable product analysis of Grade WC4,therefore, is 0.45 %. Similarly, the maximum permissible deviation above the upperlimitof0.80%is0.074%=(0.083 0.08 + 0.01). The highest acceptable
49、 productanalysis of Grade WC4, therefore is 0.874. For Grade WCC of Specification A216/A 216M, the maximum manganese content is 1.40 % if the carbon content is0.20 %. In this case, the highest acceptable product analysis is 1.49 = (1.40 +0.09).A 985/A 985M 083taken no closer than116 in. 1.6 mm to a cast surface exceptMetric EquivalentsIn.31612 114 134 2212 378 5818mm 4.8 13 32 45 51 57 98 127 213FIG. 2 Test Coupons for Castings (see Table 2 for Details of Design)NOTEPour through head; cover molte
