1、Designation: A985/A985M 12aStandard Specification forSteel Investment Castings General Requirements, forPressure-Containing Parts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A985/A985M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of common require-ments that are mandatory for steel casting
3、s produced by theinvestment casting process for pressure-containing parts undereach of the following ASTM Specifications:Title of Specification ASTM DesignationSteel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, A216/A216Mfor High-Temperature ServiceSteel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy,
4、for A217/A217MPressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature ServiceCastings, Austenitic, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex), A351/A351Mfor Pressure-Containing PartsSteel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure- A352/A352MContaining Parts, Suitable for Low-TemperatureServiceSteel Castin
5、gs, Alloy, Specially Heat-Treated, for A389/A389MPressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature ServiceSteel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service A487/A487MCastings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, Spe-cially Controlled for Pressure Retaining Parts for Corro-sive ServiceA990Casti
6、ngs, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Stainless Steel, forPressure-Containing PartsA995/A995M1.2 This specification also covers a group of supplementaryrequirements, which may be applied to the above specificationsas indicated therein. These requirements are provided for usewhen additional testing or in
7、spection is desired and apply onlywhen specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.3 When investment casting is ordered, the requirements ofthis specification shall take precedence over the individualmaterial specification requirements.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-poun
8、d unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to ad
9、dress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A216/A216M S
10、pecification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suit-able for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature ServiceA217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, MartensiticStainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-able for High-Temperature ServiceA351/A351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, forP
11、ressure-Containing PartsA352/A352M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic andMartensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable forLow-Temperature ServiceA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA380 Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation ofStainless
12、Steel Parts, Equipment, and SystemsA389/A389M Specification for Steel Castings, Alloy, Spe-cially Heat-Treated, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-able for High-Temperature ServiceA487/A487M Specification for Steel Castings Suitable forPressure ServiceA488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding
13、, Qualifi-cations of Procedures and PersonnelA609/A609M Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy,and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic ExaminationThereofA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA800/A800M Practice for Steel Casting, Austenitic Alloy
14、,Estimating Ferrite Content Thereof1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012. Published October 2012. Originallyapproved in
15、1998. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A985/A985M 12.DOI: 10.1520/A0985_A0985M-12A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document S
16、ummary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1A903/A903M Specification for Steel Castings, Surface Ac-ceptance Standards, Magnetic Parti
17、cle and Liquid Pen-etrant InspectionA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, RelatedAlloys, and FerroalloysA967 Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments forStainless Steel PartsA990 Specification for Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium andNickelAlloys, Specially Controlled for Pressu
18、re RetainingParts for Corrosive ServiceA991/A991M Test Method for Conducting TemperatureUniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat SteelProductsA995/A995M Specification for Castings, Austenitic-Ferritic(Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Pressure-Containing PartsA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Te
19、sting of SteelProductsMetricA1067 Specification for Test Coupons for Steel CastingsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indica-tions on Ferrous Castings
20、E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryE186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-in.(50.8 to 114-mm) Steel CastingsE192 Reference Radiographs of Investment Steel Castingsfor Aerospace ApplicationsE208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test toDetermine Nil-
21、Ductility Transition Temperature of Fer-ritic SteelsE280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to 12-in. (114 to 305-mm) Steel CastingsE340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and AlloysE353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless,Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Ni
22、ckel-Iron AlloysE354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron,Nickel, and Cobalt AlloysE446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.(50.8 mm) in ThicknessE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE2660 Digital Reference Images for
23、 Investment Steel Cast-ings for Aerospace Applications2.2 ANSI Standard:3B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings2.3 ASME Standard:4ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, NB-25462.4 Standards of the Manufacturers Standardization Soci-ety of the Valve and Fitting Industry:5MSS SP53 Quality
24、 Standard for Steel Castings and Forgingsfor Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Com-ponents (Magnetic Particle Exam Method)MSS SP 54 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components (Ra-diographic Examination Method)2.5 SAE Aerospace Recommen
25、ded Practice:6ARP 1341 Determining Decarburization and Carburizationin Finished Parts of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions in Test Methods and Defi-nitions A370, Terminology A941, and Test Methods A1058 areapplicable to this specification and those listed in 1.1
26、.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heat, nall the molten metal poured from a singlefurnace or all of the molten metal from two or more furnacespoured into a single ladle or casting prior to the replenishing ofthe furnace(s).3.2.2 investment casting, na metal casting that is pr
27、oducedin a mold obtained by investing (surrounding) an expendablepattern with a ceramic slurry, which is allowed to solidify. Theexpendable pattern may consist of wax, plastic, or othermaterial and is removed prior to filling the mold with liquidmetal.3.2.3 master heat, na single furnace charge of a
28、lloy thatmay be either poured directly into castings or into remelt alloyfor individual melts.3.2.4 subheat, na portion of master heat remelted withonly minor additions for deoxidation for pouring into castings.Syn. melt, production heat.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Melting ProcessMaster heats sh
29、all be made by theelectric furnace process with or without separate refining suchas argon-oxygen-decarburization (AOD), vacuum-oxygen-degassing (VOD), vacuum-induction-melting (VIM), and soforth, unless otherwise specified in the individual specificationor agreed upon between the customer and produc
30、er. Masterheats may be used directly for producing castings or convertedinto ingot, bar, shot, or other suitable form, not including gatesand risers from casting production, for later remelting as asubheat.4.2 Re-Melting ProcessSubheats shall be produced frommaster heat metal in suitable batch sizes
31、 by electric inductionfurnace, with or without atmosphere protection, such asvacuum or inert gas unless otherwise agreed upon between thecustomer and producer. Revert (gates, sprues, risers, andrejected castings) shall not be remelted except in master heats.3Available from American National Standard
32、s Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of
33、the Valve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.6Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.A985/A985M 12a24.3 Heat Treatment:4.3.1 Ferritic and martensitic steel shall be coole
34、d afterpouring to provide substantially complete transformation ofaustenite prior to heat treatment to enhance mechanical prop-erties.4.3.2 Castings shall be heat treated in the working zone of afurnace that has been surveyed in accordance with Test MethodA991/A991M.4.3.2.1 When castings are heat tr
35、eated at temperaturesabove 2000F 1100C, then the working zone shall have beenestablished by a survey performed at not more than 25F15C below nor more than 200F 110C above the mini-mum heat treatment temperature specified for the grade. If aminimum heat treatment temperature is not specified for theg
36、rade, then the survey temperature shall be not more than 50F30C below nor more than 175F 100C above the furnaceset point used.4.3.2.2 The maximum variation in measured temperature asdetermined by the difference between the highest temperatureand the lowest temperature shall be as agreed between thep
37、urchaser and producer except that during production heattreatment no portion of the furnace shall be below theminimum specified temperature nor above the maximumspecified temperature for the grade being processed.4.4 Sampling:4.4.1 If castings are poured directly from one or moremaster heats, then t
38、he samples for chemical and other requiredtesting also shall be poured directly from each of the masterheats.4.4.2 If castings are poured from a subheat, then the samplesfor chemical and other required testing also shall be pouredfrom a subheat of that same master heat, but not necessarilyfrom the s
39、ame subheat as the castings. The subheat used for thetest samples shall be produced using the same practices andadditions as used for the castings.4.4.3 Test specimens may be taken from castings or fromcoupons cast either integrally with the castings, in the samemolds as the castings, or in separate
40、 molds.4.4.4 Separately cast specimens for tension testing shall becast in molds of the same type and material as those used forthe castings, as shown in Specification A1067, Figs. 14,except when Supplementary Requirement S26 is specified. Thetest coupon in Specification A1067, Fig. 4 shall be emplo
41、yedonly for austenitic alloy castings with cross sections less than212 in.75. Chemical Composition5.1 Chemical AnalysisChemical analysis of materialscovered by this specification shall be in accordance with TestMethods, Practices, and Terminology A751.5.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of samples obtained
42、 inaccordance with 4.4 or Supplementary Requirement S29 asappropriate, shall be made by the manufacturer to determinethe percentages of the elements specified for the grade beingpoured. When drillings are used, they shall be taken not lessthan116 in. 1.6 mm beneath the surface. The chemicalcompositi
43、on thus determined shall be reported to the purchaser,or his representative, and shall conform to the requirements inthe individual specification for the grade being poured.5.3 Product AnalysisA product analysis may be made bythe purchaser from material representing each master heat,subheat, lot, or
44、 casting. The analysis shall be made onrepresentative material. Samples for carbon analysis shall betaken no closer than116 in. 1.6 mm to a cast surface exceptthat castings too thin for this shall be analyzed on representa-tive material. The chemical composition thus determined shallmeet the require
45、ments specified in the applicable specificationfor the grade involved, or shall be subject to rejection by thepurchaser, except that the chemical composition determined forcarbon and low-alloy steel castings may vary from the speci-fied limits by the amounts shown in Table 1. The productanalysis tol
46、erances of Table 1 are not applicable as acceptancecriteria for heat analysis by the casting manufacturer. Whencomparing product and heat analysis for other than carbon andlow alloy steels, the reproducibility data R2, in Test MethodsE353 or E354, as applicable, shall be taken into consideration.7In
47、formation on the relationship of mechanical properties determined on testcoupons obtained as specified in 4.4.4 with those obtained from the casting may befound in The Steel Castings Handbook, Fifth Edition, Steel Founders Society ofAmerica, 1980, pp. 15-35 through 15-43.TABLE 1 Product Analysis Tol
48、erances for Carbon and Low-AlloySteelsElement RangeATolerancesB ,Cover maxor under min, Limit, %Carbon(C) upto0.65% 0.03%CL+ 0.02above 0.65 % 0.04 %Manganese (Mn) up to 1 % 0.08%MnL+ 0.01above 1 % 0.09Silicon(Si) upto0.60% 0.22%SiL- 0.01above 0.60 % 0.15 %Phosphorus (P) all 0.13%PL+ 0.005Sulfur(S) a
49、ll 0.36%SL+ 0.001Nickel (Ni) up to 2 % 0.10%NiL+ 0.003above 2 % 0.25 %Chromium(Cr) upto2% 0.07%CrL+ 0.04above 2 % 0.18 %Molybdenum (Mo) up to 0.6 % 0.04%MoL+ 0.03above 0.6 % 0.06 %Vanadium (V) up to 0.25 % 0.23%VL+ 0.004above 0.25 % 0.06 %Tungsten (W) up to 0.10 % 0.08%WL+ 0.02above 0.10 % 0.02 %Copper (Cu) up to 0.15 % 0.18%CuL+ 0.02above 0.15 % 0.05 %Aluminum (Al) up to 0.10 % 0.08 % AlL+ 0.02above 0.10 % 0.03 %AThe range denotes the composition limits up to which the tolerances arecomputed by the equation, and ab
