1、Designation: A985/A985M 12aA985/A985M 13Standard Specification forSteel Investment Castings General Requirements, forPressure-Containing Parts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A985/A985M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that are mandatory for s
3、teel castings produced by the investmentcasting process for pressure-containing parts under each of the following ASTM Specifications:Title of Specification ASTM DesignationSteel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, A216/A216Mfor High-Temperature ServiceSteel Castings, Martensitic Stainles
4、s and Alloy, for A217/A217MPressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature ServiceCastings, Austenitic, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex), A351/A351Mfor Pressure-Containing PartsSteel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure- A352/A352MContaining Parts, Suitable for Low-TemperatureServic
5、eSteel Castings, Alloy, Specially Heat-Treated, for A389/A389MPressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature ServiceSteel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service A487/A487MCastings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, Specially Controlled for PressureRetaining Parts for Corrosive Servic
6、eA990Castings, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Pressure-Containing Parts A995/A995M1.2 This specification also covers a group of supplementary requirements, which may be applied to the above specifications asindicated therein. These requirements are provided for use when additional
7、 testing or inspection is desired and apply only whenspecified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.3 When investment casting is ordered, the requirements of this specification shall take precedence over the individual materialspecification requirements.1.4 The values stated in either SI uni
8、ts or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does
9、 not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standar
10、ds:2A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature ServiceA217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable forHigh-Temperature ServiceA351/A351M Specification for Castings, Au
11、stenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18on Castings.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012May 1, 2013. Published October 2012June 2013
12、. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2012 asA985/A985M 12.A985/A985M 12a. DOI: 10.1520/A0985_A0985M-12A.10.1520/A0985_A0985M-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
13、 Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically pos
14、sible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCo
15、pyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1A352/A352M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for Low-Temperature ServiceA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical T
16、esting of Steel ProductsA380 Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and SystemsA389/A389M Specification for Steel Castings, Alloy, Specially Heat-Treated, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable forHigh-Temperature ServiceA487/A487M Specification for S
17、teel Castings Suitable for Pressure ServiceA488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and PersonnelA609/A609M Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examination ThereofA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
18、Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA800/A800M Practice for Steel Casting, Austenitic Alloy, Estimating Ferrite Content ThereofA903/A903M Specification for Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Magnetic Particle and Liquid PenetrantInspectionA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel
19、, Related Alloys, and FerroalloysA967 Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel PartsA990 Specification for Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, Specially Controlled for Pressure Retaining Partsfor Corrosive ServiceA991/A991M Test Method for Conducting Temper
20、ature Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat Steel ProductsA995/A995M Specification for Castings, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Pressure-Containing PartsA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsMetricA1067 Specification for Test Coupons for Steel Cast
21、ingsA1080 Practice for Hot Isostatic Pressing of Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloy CastingsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indications on
22、Ferrous CastingsE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryE186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-in. (50.8 to 114-mm) Steel CastingsE192 Reference Radiographs of Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace ApplicationsE208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Te
23、st to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic SteelsE280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to 12-in. (114 to 305-mm) Steel CastingsE340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and AlloysE353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other
24、 Similar Chromium-Nickel-IronAlloysE354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron, Nickel, andCobalt AlloysE446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in ThicknessE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE2660 Digital
25、Reference Images for Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace Applications2.2 ANSI Standard:3B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings2.3 ASME Standard:4ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, NB-25462.4 Standards of the Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fitting Industry
26、:5MSS SP 53 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components(Magnetic Particle Exam Method)MSS SP 54 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components (RadiographicExamination Method)2.5 SAE A
27、erospace Recommended Practice:6ARP 1341 Determining Decarburization and Carburization in Finished Parts of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions in Test Methods and Definitions A370, Terminology A941, and Test Methods A1058 areapplicable to this specification and th
28、ose listed in 1.1.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.as
29、me.org.5 Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.6 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.A985/A985M 1323.2
30、 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heat, nall the molten metal poured from a single furnace or all of the molten metal from two or more furnaces pouredinto a single ladle or casting prior to the replenishing of the furnace(s).3.2.2 investment casting, na metal casting that is prod
31、uced in a mold obtained by investing (surrounding) an expendablepattern with a ceramic slurry, which is allowed to solidify. The expendable pattern may consist of wax, plastic, or other materialand is removed prior to filling the mold with liquid metal.3.2.3 master heat, na single furnace charge of
32、alloy that may be either poured directly into castings or into remelt alloy forindividual melts.3.2.4 subheat, na portion of master heat remelted with only minor additions for deoxidation for pouring into castings. Syn.melt, production heat.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Melting ProcessMaster heats
33、 shall be made by the electric furnace process with or without separate refining such asargon-oxygen-decarburization (AOD), vacuum-oxygen-degassing (VOD), vacuum-induction-melting (VIM), and so forth, unlessotherwise specified in the individual specification or agreed upon between the customer and p
34、roducer. Master heats may be useddirectly for producing castings or converted into ingot, bar, shot, or other suitable form, not including gates and risers from castingproduction, for later remelting as a subheat.4.2 Re-Melting ProcessSubheats shall be produced from master heat metal in suitable bat
35、ch sizes by electric inductionfurnace, with or without atmosphere protection, such as vacuum or inert gas unless otherwise agreed upon between the customerand producer. Revert (gates, sprues, risers, and rejected castings) shall not be remelted except in master heats.4.3 Heat Treatment:TABLE 1 Produ
36、ct Analysis Tolerances for Carbon and Low-AlloySteelsElement RangeA TolerancesB ,C over maxor under min, Limit, %Carbon (C) up to 0.65 % 0.03 % CL + 0.02above 0.65 % 0.04 %Manganese (Mn) up to 1 % 0.08 % MnL + 0.01above 1 % 0.09Silicon (Si) up to 0.60 % 0.22 % SiL - 0.01above 0.60 % 0.15 %Phosphorus
37、 (P) all 0.13 % PL + 0.005Sulfur (S) all 0.36 % SL + 0.001Nickel (Ni) up to 2 % 0.10 % NiL + 0.003above 2 % 0.25 %Chromium (Cr) up to 2 % 0.07 % CrL + 0.04above 2 % 0.18 %Molybdenum (Mo) up to 0.6 % 0.04 % MoL + 0.03above 0.6 % 0.06 %Vanadium (V) up to 0.25 % 0.23 % VL + 0.004above 0.25 % 0.06 %Tung
38、sten (W) up to 0.10 % 0.08 % WL + 0.02above 0.10 % 0.02 %Copper (Cu) up to 0.15 % 0.18 % CuL + 0.02above 0.15 % 0.05 %Aluminum (Al) up to 0.10 % 0.08 % AlL + 0.02above 0.10 % 0.03 %A The range denotes the composition limits up to which the tolerances arecomputed by the equation, and above which the
39、tolerances are given by aconstant.B The subscriptL for the elements in each equation indicates that the limits of theelement specified by the applicable specification are to be inserted into theequation to calculate the tolerance for the upper limit and the lower limit, ifapplicable, respectively. E
40、xamples of computing tolerances are presented in thefootnote C.C To compute the tolerances, consider the manganese limits 0.50 - 80 % of GradeWC4 of Specification A217/A217M. According to Table 1, the maximum permis-sible deviation of a product analysis below the lower limit 0.50 is 0.05 % = (0.08 0
41、.50 + 0.01). The lowest acceptable product analysis of Grade WC4, therefore, is0.45 %. Similarly, the maximum permissible deviation above the upper limit of 0.80% is 0.074 % = (0.08 0.08 + 0.01). The highest acceptable product analysis ofGrade WC4, therefore is 0.874. For Grade WCC of Specification
42、A216/A216M, themaximum manganese content is 1.40 % if the carbon content is 0.20 %. In thiscase, the highest acceptable product analysis is 1.49 = (1.40 + 0.09).A985/A985M 1334.3.1 Ferritic and martensitic steel shall be cooled after pouring to provide substantially complete transformation of austen
43、iteprior to heat treatment to enhance mechanical properties.4.3.2 Castings shall be heat treated in the working zone of a furnace that has been surveyed in accordance with Test MethodA991/A991M.4.3.2.1 When castings are heat treated at temperatures above 2000F 1100C, then the working zone shall have
44、 beenestablished by a survey performed at not more than 25F 15C below nor more than 200F 110C above the minimum heattreatment temperature specified for the grade. If a minimum heat treatment temperature is not specified for the grade, then thesurvey temperature shall be not more than 50F 30C below n
45、or more than 175F 100C above the furnace set point used.4.3.2.2 The maximum variation in measured temperature as determined by the difference between the highest temperature andthe lowest temperature shall be as agreed between the purchaser and producer except that during production heat treatment n
46、oportion of the furnace shall be below the minimum specified temperature nor above the maximum specified temperature for thegrade being processed.4.4 Sampling:4.4.1 If castings are poured directly from one or more master heats, then the samples for chemical and other required testingalso shall be po
47、ured directly from each of the master heats.4.4.2 If castings are poured from a subheat, then the samples for chemical and other required testing also shall be poured froma subheat of that same master heat, but not necessarily from the same subheat as the castings. The subheat used for the test samp
48、lesshall be produced using the same practices and additions as used for the castings.4.4.3 Test specimens may be taken from castings or from coupons cast either integrally with the castings, in the same moldsas the castings, or in separate molds.4.4.4 Separately cast specimens for tension testing sh
49、all be cast in molds of the same type and material as those used for thecastings, as shown in Specification A1067, Figs. 14, except when Supplementary Requirement S26 is specified. The test couponin Specification A1067, Fig. 4 shall be employed only for austenitic alloy castings with cross sections less than 212 in.75. Chemical Composition5.1 Chemical AnalysisChemical analysis of materials covered by this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods,Practices, and Terminology A751.5.2 Heat Analy
