1、Designation: A985/A985M 14A985/A985M 16Standard Specification forSteel Investment Castings General Requirements, forPressure-Containing Parts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A985/A985M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that are mandatory for st
3、eel castings produced by the investmentcasting process for pressure-containing parts under each of the following ASTM Specifications:Title of Specification ASTM DesignationSteel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, A216/A216Mfor High-Temperature ServiceSteel Castings, Martensitic Stainless
4、 and Alloy, for A217/A217MPressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature ServiceCastings, Austenitic, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex), A351/A351Mfor Pressure-Containing PartsSteel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure- A352/A352MContaining Parts, Suitable for Low-TemperatureService
5、Steel Castings, Alloy, Specially Heat-Treated, for A389/A389MPressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature ServiceSteel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service A487/A487MCastings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, SpeciallyControlled for Pressure Retaining Parts forCorrosive ServiceA
6、990Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, Spe-cially Controlled for Pressure Retaining Parts forCorrosive ServiceA990/A990MCastings, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Stainless Steel, forPressure-Containing PartsA995/A995MCastings, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Stainless Steel, forPressure-Cont
7、aining PartsA995/A995M1.2 This specification also covers a group of supplementary requirements, which may be applied to the above specifications asindicated therein. These requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired and apply only whenspecified individually by
8、the purchaser in the order.1.3 When investment casting is ordered, the requirements of this specification shall take precedence over the individual materialspecification requirements.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values st
9、ated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
10、 use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is
11、 the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18on Castings.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014Dec. 1, 2016. Published October 2014December 2016. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20132014as A985/A985M 13.A985/A985M 14. DOI: 10.1520/A0985_A0985M-14.10.1520/A0985_A0985
12、M-16.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prio
13、r editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942
14、8-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature ServiceA217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable forHigh
15、-Temperature ServiceA351/A351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing PartsA352/A352M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for Low-Temperature ServiceA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of St
16、eel ProductsA380 Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and SystemsA389/A389M Specification for Steel Castings, Alloy, Specially Heat-Treated, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable forHigh-Temperature ServiceA487/A487M Specification for Steel Casting
17、s Suitable for Pressure ServiceA488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and PersonnelA609/A609M Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examination ThereofA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Ana
18、lysis of Steel ProductsA800/A800M Practice for Steel Casting, Austenitic Alloy, Estimating Ferrite Content ThereofA903/A903M Specification for Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Magnetic Particle and Liquid PenetrantInspectionA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Al
19、loys, and FerroalloysA967 Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel PartsA990A990/A990M Specification for Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, Specially Controlled for PressureRetaining Parts for Corrosive ServiceA991/A991M Test Method for Conducting Temperat
20、ure Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat Steel ProductsA995/A995M Specification for Castings, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Pressure-Containing PartsA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsMetricA1067 Specification for Test Coupons for Steel Castin
21、gsA1080 Practice for Hot Isostatic Pressing of Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloy CastingsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indications on Fe
22、rrous CastingsE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryE186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412 in. (50.8 to 114 mm) Steel CastingsE192 Reference Radiographs of Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace ApplicationsE208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test
23、 to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic SteelsE280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to 12 in. (114 to 305 mm) Steel CastingsE340 Practice for Macroetching Metals and AlloysE353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Simi
24、lar Chromium-Nickel-IronAlloysE354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron, Nickel, andCobalt AlloysE446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in ThicknessE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE2660 Digital Refer
25、ence Images for Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace Applications2.2 ANSI Standard:3B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings2.3 ASME Standard:4ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, NB-25462.4 Standards of the Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fitting Industry:5MSS
26、 SP 53 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components(Magnetic Particle Exam Method)2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standard
27、svolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International
28、Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5 Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.A985/A985M 162MSS SP 54 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Fl
29、anges and Fittings and Other Piping Components (RadiographicExamination Method)2.5 SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice:6ARP 1341 Determining Decarburization and Carburization in Finished Parts of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions in Test Methods and Definitions A
30、370, Terminology A941, and Test Methods A1058 areapplicable to this specification and those listed in 1.1.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heat, nall the molten metal poured from a single furnace or all of the molten metal from two or more furnaces pouredinto a single ladle o
31、r casting prior to the replenishing of the furnace(s).3.2.2 investment casting, na metal casting that is produced in a mold obtained by investing (surrounding) an expendablepattern with a ceramic slurry, which is allowed to solidify. The expendable pattern may consist of wax, plastic, or other mater
32、ialand is removed prior to filling the mold with liquid metal.3.2.3 master heat, na single furnace charge of alloy that may be either poured directly into castings or into remelt alloy forindividual melts.3.2.4 subheat, na portion of master heat remelted with only minor additions for deoxidation for
33、 pouring into castings. Syn.melt, production heat.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 When the purchaser imposes the requirements of this specification, the manufacturer is responsible for compliance with thespecification requirements during the production and processing of the casting by themselves and
34、 any of their subcontractors.4.2 Melting ProcessMaster heats shall be made by the electric furnace process with or without separate refining such asargon-oxygen-decarburization (AOD), vacuum-oxygen-degassing (VOD), vacuum-induction-melting (VIM), and so forth, unlessotherwise specified in the indivi
35、dual specification or agreed upon between the customer and producer. Master heats may be useddirectly for producing castings or converted into ingot, bar, shot, or other suitable form, not including gates and risers from castingproduction, for later remelting as a subheat.4.3 Re-Melting ProcessSubhe
36、ats shall be produced from master heat metal in suitable batch sizes by electric inductionfurnace, with or without atmosphere protection, such as vacuum or inert gas unless otherwise agreed upon between the customerand producer. Revert (gates, sprues, risers, and rejected castings) shall not be reme
37、lted except in master heats.4.4 Heat Treatment:4.4.1 Ferritic and martensitic steel shall be cooled after pouring to provide substantially complete transformation of austeniteprior to heat treatment to enhance mechanical properties.4.4.2 Castings shall be heat treated in the working zone of a furnac
38、e that has been surveyed in accordance with Test MethodA991/A991M.4.4.2.1 When castings are heat treated at temperatures above 2000F 1100C,2000 F 1100 C, then the working zone shallhave been established by a survey performed at not more than 25F 15C25 F 15 C below nor more than 200F110C200 F 110 C a
39、bove the minimum heat treatment temperature specified for the grade. If a minimum heat treatmenttemperature is not specified for the grade, then the survey temperature shall be not more than 50F 30C50 F 30 C below normore than 175F 100C175 F 100 C above the furnace set point used.4.4.2.2 The maximum
40、 variation in measured temperature, as determined by the difference between the highest temperature andthe lowest temperature, shall be as agreed between the purchaser and producer except that during production heat treatment noportion of the furnace shall be below the minimum specified temperature
41、nor above the maximum specified temperature for thegrade being processed.4.5 Sampling:4.5.1 If castings are poured directly from one or more master heats, then the samples for chemical and other required testingalso shall be poured directly from each of the master heats.4.5.2 If castings are poured
42、from a subheat, then the samples for chemical and other required testing also shall be poured froma subheat of that same master heat, but not necessarily from the same subheat as the castings. The subheat used for the test samplesshall be produced using the same melting practices and additions as us
43、ed to produce the castings.4.5.3 Test specimens may be taken from castings or from coupons cast either integrally with the castings, in the same moldsas the castings, or in separate molds.6 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/w
44、ww.sae.org.A985/A985M 1634.5.4 Separately cast coupons for other than chemical analysis shall be cast in molds of the same material as those used for thecastings, as shown in Specification A1067, Figs. 14, except when Supplementary Requirement S26 is specified. The test couponin Specification A1067,
45、 Fig. 4 shall be employed only for austenitic alloy castings with cross sections less than 212 in. 65 mm.74.5.5 Coupons for chemical analysis may be chill cast.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Chemical AnalysisChemical analysis of materials covered by this specification shall be in accordance with Test Me
46、thods,Practices, and Terminology A751.5.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of samples obtained in accordance with 4.5 or Supplementary Requirement S29, as appropriate,shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements specified for the grade being poured. Whendrillings are used,
47、they shall be taken not less than 116 in. 1.6 mm beneath the surface. The chemical composition thus determinedshall be reported to the purchaser, or his representative, and shall conform to the requirements in the individual specification forthe grade being poured.5.3 Product AnalysisA product analy
48、sis may be made by the purchaser from material representing each master heat, subheat,lot, or casting. The analysis shall be made on representative material. Samples for carbon analysis shall be taken no closer than116 in. 1.6 mm to a cast surface, except that castings too thin for this shall be ana
49、lyzed on representative material. The chemicalcomposition thus determined shall meet the requirements specified in the applicable specification for the grade involved, or shallbe subject to rejection by the purchaser, except that the chemical composition determined for carbon and low-alloy steel castingsmay vary from the specified limits by the amounts shown in Table 1. The product analysis tolerances of Table 1 are not applicable7 Information on the relationship of mechanical properties determined on
