1、Designation: A 989/A 989M 07Standard Specification forHot Isostatically-Pressed Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings,Valves, and Parts for High Temperature Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 989/A 989M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers hot isostatically-pressed, pow-der meta
3、llurgy, alloy steel piping components for use inpressure systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, andsimilar parts made to specified dimensions or to dimensionalstandards, such as in ASME Specification B16.5.1.2 Several grades of alloy steels are included in thisspecification.1.3 Supplementa
4、ry requirements are provided for use whenadditional testing or inspection is desired. These shall applyonly when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units. Unless the order specifies the applicable “M”specificatio
5、n designation (SI units), however, the material shallbe furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,the SI units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equiva
6、lents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to testmethods portions, 8.1, 8.2, and 9.5-9.7 of this specification:This standard doe
7、s not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and to determine the applicability of regula-tory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Sta
8、ndards:2A 275/A 275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examinationof Steel ForgingsA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsB311 Test Method for Density Determination for PowderMetallur
9、gy (P/M) Materials Containing Less Than TwoPercent PorosityE 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant ExaminationE 340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and AlloysE 606 Practice for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing2.2 MSS Standard:SP 25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,Flanges, and Unions
10、32.3 ASME Specifications and Boiler and Pressure VesselCodes:B16.5 Dimensional Standards for Steel Pipe Flanges andFlanged Fittings42.4 ASME Section IX Welding Qualifications:SFA-5.5 Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to T
11、his Standard:3.1.1 can, nthe container used to encapsulate the powderduring the pressure consolidation process that is removedpartially or fully from the final part.3.1.2 compact, nthe consolidated powder from one canthat may be used to make one or more parts.3.1.3 consolidation, nthe bonding of adj
12、acent powderparticles in a compact under pressure by heating to a tempera-ture below the melting point of the powder.3.1.4 fill stem, nthe part of the compact used to fill the canthat is not usually integral to the part produced.3.1.5 hot isostatic-pressing, na process for simulta-neously heating an
13、d forming a compact in which the powder iscontained in a sealed formable enclosure, usually made frommetal, and the so-contained powder is subjected to equal1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibilit
14、y of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A 989/A 989M 0
15、5.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of th
16、e Valve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end
17、of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.pressure from all directions at a temperature high enough topermit plastic deformation and consolidation of the powderparticles to take place.3.1.6 lot, na number of par
18、ts produced from a singlepowder blend following the same manufacturing conditions.3.1.7 part, na single item coming from a compact, eitherprior to or after machining.3.1.8 powder blend, na homogeneous mixture of powderfrom one or more heats of the same grade.3.1.9 rough part, nthe part prior to fina
19、l machining.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify in thepurchase order all requirements that are necessary for materialordered under this specification. Such requirements may in-clude, but are not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of
20、 parts).4.1.2 Name of material or UNS number.4.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue.4.1.4 Dimensions (tolerances and surface finishes).4.1.5 Microstructure examination, if required (5.1.4).4.1.6 Inspection (14.1).4.1.7 Whether rough part or finished machined part (8.2.2).4.1.8 Supplementary requir
21、ements, if any.4.1.9 Additional requirements (see 7.2.1 and 16.1).4.1.10 Requirement, if any, that the manufacturer shallsubmit drawings for approval showing the shape of the roughpart before machining and the exact location of test specimenmaterial (see 9.3.1).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Manufa
22、cturing Practice:5.1.1 Compacts shall be manufactured by placing a singlepowder blend into a can, evacuating the can, and sealing it. Thecan material shall be selected to ensure that it has no deleteri-ous effect on the final product. The entire assembly shall beheated and placed under sufficient pr
23、essure for a sufficientperiod of time to ensure that the final consolidated part meetsthe density requirements of 8.1.2.1. One or more parts shall bemachined from a single compact.5.1.2 The powder shall be prealloyed and made by a meltingmethod capable of producing the specified chemical composi-tio
24、n, such as but not limited to air or vacuum induction melting,followed by gas atomization.5.1.3 When powder from more than one heat is used tomake a blend, the heats shall be mixed thoroughly to ensurehomogeneity.5.1.4 The compact shall be sectioned and the microstructureexamined to check for porosi
25、ty and other internal imperfec-tions and shall meet the requirements of 8.1.3. The sample shallbe taken from the fill stem or from a location in a part as agreedupon by the manufacturer and purchaser.5.1.5 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, themanufacturer shall remove the can materia
26、l from the surfacesof the consolidated compacts by chemical or mechanicalmethods, such as by pickling or machining. This removal shallbe done before or after heat treatment at the option of themanufacturer (see Note 1).NOTE 1Often, it is advantageous to leave the can material in placeuntil after hea
27、t treatment or further thermal processing of the consolidatedcompact.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel both as a blend and as a part shall conform tothe requirements for chemical composition prescribed in Table1. Test Methods, Practices, and TerminologyA 751 shall apply.6.1.1 A representative sam
28、ple of each blend of powder shallbe analyzed by the manufacturer to determine the percentage ofelements prescribed in Table 1. The blend shall conform to thechemical composition requirements prescribed in Table 1.6.1.2 When required by the purchaser, the chemical com-position of a sample from one pa
29、rt from each lot of parts shallbe determined by the manufacturer. The composition of thesample shall conform to the chemical composition require-ments prescribed in Table 1.6.2 Addition of lead, selenium, or other unspecified ele-ments for the purpose of improving the machinability of thecompact sha
30、ll not be permitted.6.3 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element, forthe ordered grade, to the extent that the steel conforms to theTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsUNSDesignationGradeComposition, %ACarbon ManganesePhosphorus,maxSulfur,maxSilicon Nickel Chromium MolybdenumColumbiumplusTantalum
31、Tantalum,maxTitaniumAlloy SteelsK90941 9 % chromium 0.15 max 0.300.60 0.030 0.030 0.501.00 . . . 8.010.0 0.901.10 . . . . . . . . .K91560 9 % chromium, 1 % 0.08-0.12 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.200.50 0.40 max 8.09.5 0.851.05 Other Elementsmolybdenum, 0.2 % Cb 0.060.10vanadium plus N 0.030.07columbium an
32、d Al 0.04 maxnitrogen V 0.180.25K31545 chromium-molybdenum 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max . . . 2.73.3 0.801.06 . . . . . . . . .K21590 chromium-molybdenum 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max . . . 2.002.50 0.871.13 . . . . . . . . .Class 1K21590 chromium-molybdenum 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.04
33、0 0.040 0.50 max . . . 2.002.50 0.871.13 . . . . . . . . .Class 3AMaximum, unless otherwise specified.A 989/A 989M 072requirements of another grade for which that element is aspecified element having a required minimum content.7. Heat Treatment7.1 After hot isostatic-pressing, the compacts shall be
34、an-nealed prior to heat treating in accordance with the require-ments of Table 2. At the option of the producer, this annealshall be a separate operation following powder consolidation orshall be a part of the consolidation process.7.2 The alloy steels shall be heat treated in accordance withthe req
35、uirements of 7.1 and Table 2.7.2.1 Liquid QuenchingWhen agreed to by the purchaser,liquid quenching followed by tempering shall be permittedprovided the temperatures in Table 2 for each grade areutilized.7.2.1.1 MarkingParts that are liquid quenched and tem-pered shall be marked “QT”.7.3 See Supplem
36、entary Requirement S10 if a particular heattreatment method is specified by the purchaser in the purchaseorder.7.4 Time of Heat TreatmentHeat treatment of the hotisostatically-pressed parts shall be performed before or aftermachining at the option of the manufacturer.8. Structural Integrity Requirem
37、ents8.1 Microporosity:8.1.1 The parts shall be free of microporosity as demon-strated by measurement of density as provided in 8.1.2 or bymicrostructural examination as provided in 8.1.3.8.1.2 Density Measurement:8.1.2.1 The density measurement shall be used for accep-tance of material but not for r
38、ejection of material. Themeasured density for each production lot shall exceed 99 % ofthe density typical of that grade when wrought and in the sameheat treated condition as the sample. A production lot that failsto meet this acceptance criterion is permitted, at the option ofthe producer, to be tes
39、ted for microporosity in accordance withthe microstructural examination as provided in 8.1.3.8.1.2.2 Density shall be determined for one sample fromeach production lot by measuring the difference in weight ofthe sample when weighed in air and when weighed in waterand multiplying this difference by t
40、he density of water(Archimedes principle). The equipment used shall be capableof determining density within 60.004 lb/in.3(0.10 g/cm3).Alternatively, at the option of the producer, it is permitted touse Test Method B311to determine the density.8.1.2.3 At the option of the producer, the density shall
41、 becompared to the room temperature density typical of wroughtalloy steels or to the density of a wrought reference sample ofthe same grade heat treated in accordance with the require-ments of Table 2 (see Note 2). The typical density for alloysteel in the annealed condition at room temperature is 0
42、.28lb/in.3(7.8 g/cm3).NOTE 2The actual density of alloy steel varies slightly with compo-sition and heat treatment. For this reason, small differences in themeasured density from the typical density for a given grade of steel maybe the result of differences in alloy content, heat treatment, or micro
43、poros-ity. When density values are measured that are less than the density typicalof a given grade of steel, it is appropriate to examine the sample formicroporosity by the more specific metallographic examination proce-dures.8.1.3 Microstructural Examination:8.1.3.1 The microstructure when examined
44、 at 20-503, 100-2003, and 1000-20003 shall be reasonably uniform and shallbe free of voids, laps, cracks, and porosity.8.1.3.2 One sample from each production lot shall beexamined. The sample shall be taken, at the option of theproducer, after hot isostatic-pressing or after final heat treat-ment. T
45、he microstructure shall meet the requirements of8.1.3.1.8.1.3.3 If the sample fails to meet the requirements foracceptance, it is permitted to retest each part in the lot. Eachpart that passes the requirements of 8.1.3.1 shall be accepted.8.2 Hydrostatic TestsAfter they have been machined,pressure-c
46、ontaining parts shall be tested to the hydrostatic shelltest pressures prescribed in ASME B16.5 for the applicablesteel rating for which the part is designed, and shall show noleaks. Parts ordered under these specifications for workingpressures other than those listed in the ASME B16.5 ratingsshall
47、be tested to such pressures as may be agreed uponbetween the manufacturer and purchaser.8.2.1 No hydrostatic test is required for welding neck orother flanges. check terminology8.2.2 The compact manufacturer is not required to performpressure tests on rough parts that are to be finish machined byoth
48、ers. The fabricator of the finished part is not required topressure test parts that are designed to be pressure-containingonly after assembly by welding into a larger structure. TheTABLE 2 Heat Treating RequirementsUNS No. Heat Treat TypeAustenitizing/SolutioningTemperature, F CACooling MediaQuenchi
49、ng, Coolto Below F CTempering Temperature,min F CAlloy SteelsK90941 anneal 1750 955 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1750 955 air coolB1250 675K91560 normalize and temper 1900-2000 1040-1095 air coolB1350 730K31545 anneal 1750 955 furnace coolBBK21590 Class 1,3 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1250 675AMinimum unless temperature range is listed.BNot applicable.A 989/A 989M 073manufacturer of the compacts, however, shall be responsible asrequired in 15.1 for the sat
