1、Designation: A989/A989M 11Standard Specification forHot Isostatically-Pressed Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings,Valves, and Parts for High Temperature Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A989/A989M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original ad
2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers hot isostatically-pressed, pow-der metallur
3、gy, alloy steel piping components for use inpressure systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, andsimilar parts made to specified dimensions or to dimensionalstandards, such as in ASME Specification B16.5.1.2 Several grades of alloy steels are included in thisspecification.1.3 Supplementary r
4、equirements are provided for use whenadditional testing or inspection is desired. These shall applyonly when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units. Unless the order specifies the applicable “M”specification de
5、signation (SI units), however, the material shallbe furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,the SI units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalent
6、s; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to testmethods portions, 8.1, 8.2, and 9.5-9.7 of this specification:This standard does no
7、t purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and to determine the applicability of regula-tory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standar
8、ds:2A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examinationof Steel ForgingsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements forSteel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for PipingApplicationsB311 Test Method
9、 for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM)Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent PorosityE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryE340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and AlloysE606 Practice for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing2.2 MSS Standard:SP 25 Standard Marking Sys
10、tem for Valves, Fittings,Flanges, and Unions32.3 ASME Specifications and Boiler and Pressure VesselCodes:B16.5 Dimensional Standards for Steel Pipe Flanges andFlanged Fittings42.4 ASME Section IX Welding Qualifications:SFA-5.5 Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes43. Termi
11、nology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 can, nthe container used to encapsulate the powderduring the pressure consolidation process that is removedpartially or fully from the final part.3.1.2 compact, nthe consolidated powder from one canthat may be used to make one or more pa
12、rts.3.1.3 consolidation, nthe bonding of adjacent powderparticles in a compact under pressure by heating to a tempera-ture below the melting point of the powder.3.1.4 fill stem, nthe part of the compact used to fill the canthat is not usually integral to the part produced.1This specification is unde
13、r the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved May 1,
14、2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A989/A989M07.DOI: 10.1520/A0989_A0989M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume
15、 information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEIn
16、ternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.5 hot isostatic-pressing, na
17、 process for simultane-ously heating and forming a compact in which the powder iscontained in a sealed formable enclosure, usually made frommetal, and the so-contained powder is subjected to equalpressure from all directions at a temperature high enough topermit plastic deformation and consolidation
18、 of the powderparticles to take place.3.1.6 lot, na number of parts produced from a singlepowder blend following the same manufacturing conditions.3.1.7 part, na single item coming from a compact, eitherprior to or after machining.3.1.8 powder blend, na homogeneous mixture of powderfrom one or more
19、heats of the same grade.3.1.9 rough part, nthe part prior to final machining.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify in thepurchase order all requirements that are necessary for materialordered under this specification. Such requirements may in-clude, but are
20、not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of parts).4.1.2 Name of material or UNS number.4.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue.4.1.4 Dimensions (tolerances and surface finishes).4.1.5 Microstructure examination, if required (5.1.4).4.1.6 Inspection (14.1).4.1.7 Whether rough
21、part or finished machined part (8.2.2).4.1.8 Supplementary requirements, if any.4.1.9 Additional requirements (see 7.2.1 and 16.1).4.1.10 Requirement, if any, that the manufacturer shallsubmit drawings for approval showing the shape of the roughpart before machining and the exact location of test sp
22、ecimenmaterial (see 9.3.1).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Manufacturing Practice:5.1.1 Compacts shall be manufactured by placing a singlepowder blend into a can, evacuating the can, and sealing it. Thecan material shall be selected to ensure that it has no deleteri-ous effect on the final product.
23、The entire assembly shall beheated and placed under sufficient pressure for a sufficientperiod of time to ensure that the final consolidated part meetsthe density requirements of 8.1.2.1. One or more parts shall bemachined from a single compact.5.1.2 The powder shall be prealloyed and made by a melt
24、ingmethod capable of producing the specified chemical composi-tion, such as but not limited to air or vacuum induction melting,followed by gas atomization.5.1.3 When powder from more than one heat is used tomake a blend, the heats shall be mixed thoroughly to ensurehomogeneity.5.1.4 The compact shal
25、l be sectioned and the microstructureexamined to check for porosity and other internal imperfec-tions and shall meet the requirements of 8.1.3. The sample shallbe taken from the fill stem or from a location in a part as agreedupon by the manufacturer and purchaser.5.1.5 Unless otherwise specified in
26、 the purchase order, themanufacturer shall remove the can material from the surfacesof the consolidated compacts by chemical or mechanicalmethods, such as by pickling or machining. This removal shallbe done before or after heat treatment at the option of themanufacturer (see Note 1).NOTE 1Often, it
27、is advantageous to leave the can material in placeuntil after heat treatment or further thermal processing of the consolidatedcompact.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel both as a blend and as a part shall conform tothe requirements for chemical composition prescribed in Table1. Test Methods, Pract
28、ices, and Terminology A751 shall apply.6.1.1 A representative sample of each blend of powder shallbe analyzed by the manufacturer to determine the percentage ofelements prescribed in Table 1. The blend shall conform to thechemical composition requirements prescribed in Table 1.6.1.2 When required by
29、 the purchaser, the chemical com-position of a sample from one part from each lot of parts shallbe determined by the manufacturer. The composition of thesample shall conform to the chemical composition require-ments prescribed in Table 1.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsUNSDesignationGradeComposition, %
30、ACarbon ManganesePhosphorus,maxSulfur,maxSilicon Nickel Chromium MolybdenumColumbiumplusTantalumTantalum,maxTitaniumAlloy SteelsK90941 9 % chromium 0.15 max 0.300.60 0.030 0.030 0.501.00 . . . 8.010.0 0.901.10 . . . . . . . . .K91560 9 % chromium, 1 % 0.08-0.12 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.200.50 0.40 max
31、 8.09.5 0.851.05 Other Elementsmolybdenum, 0.2 % Cb 0.060.10vanadium plus N 0.030.07columbium and Al 0.04 maxnitrogen V 0.180.25K31545 chromium-molybdenum 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max . . . 2.73.3 0.801.06 . . . . . . . . .K21590 chromium-molybdenum 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max .
32、 . . 2.002.50 0.871.13 . . . . . . . . .Class 1K21590 chromium-molybdenum 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max . . . 2.002.50 0.871.13 . . . . . . . . .Class 3AMaximum, unless otherwise specified.A989/A989M 1126.2 Addition of lead, selenium, or other unspecified ele-ments for the purpose of improv
33、ing the machinability of thecompact shall not be permitted.6.3 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element, forthe ordered grade, to the extent that the steel conforms to therequirements of another grade for which that element is aspecified element having a required minimum content.7. Heat Tr
34、eatment7.1 After hot isostatic-pressing, the compacts shall be an-nealed prior to heat treating in accordance with the require-ments of Table 2. At the option of the producer, this annealshall be a separate operation following powder consolidation orshall be a part of the consolidation process.7.2 T
35、he alloy steels shall be heat treated in accordance withthe requirements of 7.1 and Table 2.7.2.1 Liquid QuenchingWhen agreed to by the purchaser,liquid quenching followed by tempering shall be permittedprovided the temperatures in Table 2 for each grade areutilized.7.2.1.1 MarkingParts that are liq
36、uid quenched and tem-pered shall be marked “QT”.7.3 See Supplementary Requirement S10 if a particular heattreatment method is specified by the purchaser in the purchaseorder.7.4 Time of Heat TreatmentHeat treatment of the hotisostatically-pressed parts shall be performed before or aftermachining at
37、the option of the manufacturer.8. Structural Integrity Requirements8.1 Microporosity:8.1.1 The parts shall be free of microporosity as demon-strated by measurement of density as provided in 8.1.2 or bymicrostructural examination as provided in 8.1.3.8.1.2 Density Measurement:8.1.2.1 The density meas
38、urement shall be used for accep-tance of material but not for rejection of material. Themeasured density for each production lot shall exceed 99 % ofthe density typical of that grade when wrought and in the sameheat treated condition as the sample. A production lot that failsto meet this acceptance
39、criterion is permitted, at the option ofthe producer, to be tested for microporosity in accordance withthe microstructural examination as provided in 8.1.3.8.1.2.2 Density shall be determined for one sample fromeach production lot by measuring the difference in weight ofthe sample when weighed in ai
40、r and when weighed in waterand multiplying this difference by the density of water (Archi-medes principle). The equipment used shall be capable ofdetermining density within 60.004 lb/in.3(0.10 g/cm3). Alter-natively, at the option of the producer, it is permitted to use TestMethod B311 to determine
41、the density.8.1.2.3 At the option of the producer, the density shall becompared to the room temperature density typical of wroughtalloy steels or to the density of a wrought reference sample ofthe same grade heat treated in accordance with the require-ments of Table 2 (see Note 2). The typical densi
42、ty for alloysteel in the annealed condition at room temperature is 0.28lb/in.3(7.8 g/cm3).NOTE 2The actual density of alloy steel varies slightly with compo-sition and heat treatment. For this reason, small differences in themeasured density from the typical density for a given grade of steel maybe
43、the result of differences in alloy content, heat treatment, or micropo-rosity. When density values are measured that are less than the densitytypical of a given grade of steel, it is appropriate to examine the samplefor microporosity by the more specific metallographic examinationprocedures.8.1.3 Mi
44、crostructural Examination:8.1.3.1 The microstructure when examined at 20-503, 100-2003, and 1000-20003 shall be reasonably uniform and shallbe free of voids, laps, cracks, and porosity.8.1.3.2 One sample from each production lot shall beexamined. The sample shall be taken, at the option of theproduc
45、er, after hot isostatic-pressing or after final heat treat-ment. The microstructure shall meet the requirements of8.1.3.1.8.1.3.3 If the sample fails to meet the requirements foracceptance, it is permitted to retest each part in the lot. Eachpart that passes the requirements of 8.1.3.1 shall be acce
46、pted.8.2 Hydrostatic TestsAfter they have been machined,pressure-containing parts shall be tested to the hydrostatic shelltest pressures prescribed in ASME B16.5 for the applicablesteel rating for which the part is designed, and shall show noleaks. Parts ordered under these specifications for workin
47、gpressures other than those listed in the ASME B16.5 ratingsshall be tested to such pressures as may be agreed uponbetween the manufacturer and purchaser.8.2.1 No hydrostatic test is required for welding neck orother flanges. check terminology8.2.2 The compact manufacturer is not required to perform
48、pressure tests on rough parts that are to be finish machined byTABLE 2 Heat Treating RequirementsUNS No. Heat Treat TypeAustenitizing/SolutioningTemperature, F CACooling MediaQuenching, Coolto Below F CTempering Temperature,min F CAlloy SteelsK90941 anneal 1750 955 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper
49、 1750 955 air coolB1250 675K91560 normalize and temper 1900-2000 1040-1095 air coolB1350 730K31545 anneal 1750 955 furnace coolBBK21590 Class 1,3 anneal 1650 900 furnace coolBBnormalize and temper 1650 900 air coolB1250 675AMinimum unless temperature range is listed.BNot applicable.A989/A989M 113others. The fabricator of the finished part is not required topressure test parts that are designed to be pressure-containingonly after assembly by welding into a larger structure. Themanufacturer of the compac
