1、Designation: A989/A989M 11A989/A989M 13Standard Specification forHot Isostatically-Pressed Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings,Valves, and Parts for High Temperature Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A989/A989M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearo
2、f original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers hot isostatically-pressed, pow
3、der metallurgy, alloy steel piping components for use in pressuresystems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts made to specified dimensions or to dimensional standards, suchas in ASME Specification B16.5.1.2 Several grades of alloy steels are included in this specification.1.3 S
4、upplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply onlywhen specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. Unless the order specifies the applicable “M”
5、specification designation (SI units), however, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are n
6、ot exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to test methods portions, 8.1, 8.2, and 9.5 9.7 of this specification:
7、Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitationsprior to use.2. Referenced Docum
8、ents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel ForgingsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for PipingApplica
9、tionsB311 Test Method for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent PorosityE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryE340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and AlloysE606 Practice for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing2.2 MSS Standard:SP
10、25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges, and Unions32.3 ASME Specifications and Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes:B16.5 Dimensional Standards for Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings 41 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and
11、 RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved May 1, 2011Oct. 1, 2013. Published June 2011October 2013. Originally approve
12、d in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2007 asA989/A989M07.11. DOI: 10.1520/A0989_A0989M-11.10.1520/A0989_A0989M-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refe
13、r to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International H
14、eadquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately d
15、epict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Internat
16、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.4 ASME Section IX Welding Qualifications:SFA-5.5 Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 can, nthe container us
17、ed to encapsulate the powder during the pressure consolidation process that is removed partiallyor fully from the final part.3.1.2 compact, nthe consolidated powder from one can that may be used to make one or more parts.3.1.3 consolidation, nthe bonding of adjacent powder particles in a compact und
18、er pressure by heating to a temperature belowthe melting point of the powder.3.1.4 fill stem, nthe part of the compact used to fill the can that is not usually integral to the part produced.3.1.5 hot isostatic-pressing, na process for simultaneously heating and forming a compact in which the powder
19、is containedin a sealed formable enclosure, usually made from metal, and the so-contained powder is subjected to equal pressure from alldirections at a temperature high enough to permit plastic deformation and consolidation of the powder particles to take place.3.1.6 lot, na number of parts produced
20、 from a single powder blend following the same manufacturing conditions.3.1.7 part, na single item coming from a compact, either prior to or after machining.3.1.8 powder blend, na homogeneous mixture of powder from one or more heats of the same grade.3.1.9 rough part, nthe part prior to final machin
21、ing.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify in the purchase order all requirements that are necessary for materialordered under this specification. Such requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of parts).
22、4.1.2 Name of material or UNS number.4.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue.4.1.4 Dimensions (tolerances and surface finishes).4.1.5 Microstructure examination, if required (5.1.4).4.1.6 Inspection (14.1).4.1.7 Whether rough part or finished machined part (8.2.2).4.1.8 Supplementary requirements,
23、if any.4.1.9 Additional requirements (see 7.2.1 and 16.1).4.1.10 Requirement, if any, that the manufacturer shall submit drawings for approval showing the shape of the rough part beforemachining and the exact location of test specimen material (see 9.3.1).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Manufacturin
24、g Practice:5.1.1 Compacts shall be manufactured by placing a single powder blend into a can, evacuating the can, and sealing it. The canmaterial shall be selected to ensure that it has no deleterious effect on the final product. The entire assembly shall be heated andplaced under sufficient pressure
25、 for a sufficient period of time to ensure that the final consolidated part meets the densityrequirements of 8.1.2.1. One or more parts shall be machined from a single compact.5.1.2 The powder shall be prealloyed and made by a melting method capable of producing the specified chemical composition,su
26、ch as but not limited to air or vacuum induction melting, followed by gas atomization.5.1.3 When powder from more than one heat is used to make a blend, the heats shall be mixed thoroughly to ensurehomogeneity.5.1.4 The compact shall be sectioned and the microstructure examined to check for porosity
27、 and other internal imperfectionsand shall meet the requirements of 8.1.3. The sample shall be taken from the fill stem or from a location in a part as agreed uponby the manufacturer and purchaser.5.1.5 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the manufacturer shall remove the can material
28、from the surfaces of theconsolidated compacts by chemical or mechanical methods, such as by pickling or machining. This removal shall be done beforeor after heat treatment at the option of the manufacturer (see Note 1).NOTE 1Often, it is advantageous to leave the can material in place until after he
29、at treatment or further thermal processing of the consolidated compact.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel both as a blend and as a part shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751 shall apply.A989/A989M 1326.1.1 A r
30、epresentative sample of each blend of powder shall be analyzed by the manufacturer to determine the percentage ofelements prescribed in Table 1. The blend shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed in Table 1.6.1.2 When required by the purchaser, the chemical composition of a
31、sample from one part from each lot of parts shall bedetermined by the manufacturer. The composition of the sample shall conform to the chemical composition requirementsprescribed in Table 1.6.2 Addition of lead, selenium, or other unspecified elements for the purpose of improving the machinability o
32、f the compactshall not be permitted.6.3 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element, for the ordered grade, to the extent that the steel conforms to therequirements of another grade for which that element is a specified element having a required minimum content.7. Heat Treatment7.1 After hot
33、isostatic-pressing, the compacts shall be annealed prior to heat treating in accordance with the requirements ofTable 2. At the option of the producer, this anneal shall be a separate operation following powder consolidation or shall be a partof the consolidation process.7.2 The alloy steels shall b
34、e heat treated in accordance with the requirements of 7.1 and Table 2.7.2.1 Liquid QuenchingWhen agreed to by the purchaser, liquid quenching followed by tempering shall be permitted providedthe temperatures in Table 2 for each grade are utilized.7.2.1.1 MarkingParts that are liquid quenched and tem
35、pered shall be marked “QT”.7.3 See Supplementary Requirement S10 if a particular heat treatment method is specified by the purchaser in the purchaseorder.7.4 Time of Heat TreatmentHeat treatment of the hot isostatically-pressed parts shall be performed before or after machiningat the option of the m
36、anufacturer.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsUNSDesignation GradeComposition, %ACarbon Manganese Phosphorus,max Sulfur,max Silicon Nickel Chromium MolybdenumColumbiumplusTantalumTantalum,max TitaniumAlloy SteelsK90941 9 % chromium 0.15 max 0.300.60 0.030 0.030 0.501.00 . . . 8.010.0 0.901.10 . . . . . .
37、 . . .K91560 9 % chromium, 1 % 0.08-0.12 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.200.50 0.40 max 8.09.5 0.851.05 Other Elementsmolybdenum, 0.2 % Cb 0.060.10vanadium plus N 0.030.07columbium and Al 0.04 maxnitrogen V 0.180.25K31545 chromium-molybdenum 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max . . . 2.73.3 0.801.06 . . .
38、 . . . . . .K21590 chromium-molybdenum 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max . . . 2.002.50 0.871.13 . . . . . . . . .Class 1K21590 chromium-molybdenum 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max . . . 2.002.50 0.871.13 . . . . . . . . .Class 3TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsUNSDesignation GradeComposition
39、, %ACarbon Manganese Phosphorus,max Sulfur,max Silicon Nickel Chromium MolybdenumColumbiumplusTantalumTantalum,max TitaniumAlloy SteelsK90941 9 % chromium 0.15 max 0.300.60 0.030 0.030 0.501.00 . . . 8.010.0 0.901.10 . . . . . . . . .K90901 9 % chromium, 1 % 0.08-0.12 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.200.50 0
40、.40 max 8.09.5 0.851.05 Other Elementsmolybdenum, 0.2 % Cb 0.060.10vanadium plus N 0.030.07columbium and Al 0.04 maxnitrogen V 0.180.25K31545 chromium-molybdenum 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max . . . 2.73.3 0.801.06 . . . . . . . . .K21590 chromium-molybdenum 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.5
41、0 max . . . 2.002.50 0.871.13 . . . . . . . . .Class 1K21590 chromium-molybdenum 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max . . . 2.002.50 0.871.13 . . . . . . . . .Class 3A Maximum, unless otherwise specified.A989/A989M 1338. Structural Integrity Requirements8.1 Microporosity:8.1.1 The parts shall be f
42、ree of microporosity as demonstrated by measurement of density as provided in 8.1.2 or bymicrostructural examination as provided in 8.1.3.8.1.2 Density Measurement:8.1.2.1 The density measurement shall be used for acceptance of material but not for rejection of material.The measured densityfor each
43、production lot shall exceed 99 % of the density typical of that grade when wrought and in the same heat treated conditionas the sample. A production lot that fails to meet this acceptance criterion is permitted, at the option of the producer, to be testedfor microporosity in accordance with the micr
44、ostructural examination as provided in 8.1.3.8.1.2.2 Density shall be determined for one sample from each production lot by measuring the difference in weight of the samplewhen weighed in air and when weighed in water and multiplying this difference by the density of water (Archimedes principle).The
45、 equipment used shall be capable of determining density within 60.004 lb/in.3 (0.10 g/cm3). Alternatively, at the option of theproducer, it is permitted to use Test Method B311 to determine the density.8.1.2.3 At the option of the producer, the density shall be compared to the room temperature densi
46、ty typical of wrought alloysteels or to the density of a wrought reference sample of the same grade heat treated in accordance with the requirements of Table2 (see Note 2). The typical density for alloy steel in the annealed condition at room temperature is 0.28 lb/in.3 (7.8 g/cm3).NOTE 2The actual
47、density of alloy steel varies slightly with composition and heat treatment. For this reason, small differences in the measured densityfrom the typical density for a given grade of steel may be the result of differences in alloy content, heat treatment, or microporosity. When density valuesare measur
48、ed that are less than the density typical of a given grade of steel, it is appropriate to examine the sample for microporosity by the more specificmetallographic examination procedures.8.1.3 Microstructural Examination : Examination:8.1.3.1 The microstructure when examined at 20-50, 100-200, and 100
49、0-2000 shall be reasonably uniform and shall be freeof voids, laps, cracks, and porosity.8.1.3.2 One sample from each production lot shall be examined. The sample shall be taken, at the option of the producer, afterhot isostatic-pressing or after final heat treatment. The microstructure shall meet the requirements of 8.1.3.1.8.1.3.3 If the sample fails to meet the requirements for acceptance, it is permitted to retest each part in the lot. Each part thatpasses the requirements of 8.1.3.1 shall be accepted.
