1、Designation: A989/A989M 15A989/A989M 18Standard Specification forHot Isostatically-Pressed Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings,Valves, and Parts for High Temperature Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A989/A989M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearo
2、f original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers hot isostatically-pressed, pow
3、der metallurgy, alloy steel piping components for use in pressuresystems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts made to specified dimensions or to dimensional standards, suchas in ASME Specification B16.5.1.2 Several grades of alloy steels are included in this specification.1.3 S
4、upplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply onlywhen specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. Unless the order specifies the applicable “M”
5、specification designation (SI units), however, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not
6、exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to test methods portions, 8.1, 8.2, and 9.5 9.7 of this specification: Thi
7、sstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and to determine the applicabilityof regulatory limitations prior
8、to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barrier
9、s to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel ForgingsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged
10、 Fittings, Valves, and Parts for PipingApplicationsB311 Test Method for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent PorosityE165E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryE340 Practice for Macroetching Metals and AlloysE606E606/E606M Tes
11、t Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing2.2 MSS Standard:SP 25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges, and Unions31 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.
12、22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved March 1, 2015March 1, 2018. Published April 2015March 2018. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20132015 asA989/A989M
13、A989/A989M 15.13. DOI: 10.1520/A0989_A0989M-15.10.1520/A0989_A0989M-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the AST
14、M website.3 Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have bee
15、n made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document
16、.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 ASME Specifications and Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes:B16.5 Dimensional Standards for Steel Pipe Flanges and Flan
17、ged Fittings42.4 ASME Section IX Welding Qualifications:SFA-5.5 Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 can, nthe container used to encapsulate the powder during the pressure consolidation process that is
18、 removed partiallyor fully from the final part.3.1.2 compact, nthe consolidated powder from one can that may be used to make one or more parts.3.1.3 consolidation, nthe bonding of adjacent powder particles in a compact under pressure by heating to a temperature belowthe melting point of the powder.3
19、.1.4 fill stem, nthe part of the compact used to fill the can that is not usually integral to the part produced.3.1.5 hot isostatic-pressing, na process for simultaneously heating and forming a compact in which the powder is containedin a sealed formable enclosure, usually made from metal, and the s
20、o-contained powder is subjected to equal pressure from alldirections at a temperature high enough to permit plastic deformation and consolidation of the powder particles to take place.3.1.6 lot, na number of parts produced from a single powder blend following the same manufacturing conditions.3.1.7
21、part, na single item coming from a compact, either prior to or after machining.3.1.8 powder blend, na homogeneous mixture of powder from one or more heats of the same grade.3.1.9 rough part, nthe part prior to final machining.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to sp
22、ecify in the purchase order all requirements that are necessary for materialordered under this specification. Such requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of parts).4.1.2 Name of material or UNS number.4.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue.
23、4.1.4 Dimensions (tolerances and surface finishes).4.1.5 Microstructure examination, if required (5.1.45.1.5).4.1.6 Inspection (14.1).4.1.7 Whether rough part or finished machined part (8.2.2).4.1.8 Supplementary requirements, if any.4.1.9 Additional requirements (see 7.2.1 and 16.1).4.1.10 Requirem
24、ent, if any, that the manufacturer shall submit drawings for approval showing the shape of the rough part beforemachining and the exact location of test specimen material (see 9.3.1).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Manufacturing Practice:5.1.1 Powder should be protected during storage to prevent the
25、 detrimental pick-up of oxygen and other contaminants.5.1.2 Compacts shall be manufactured by placing a single powder blend into a can, evacuating the can, and sealing it. The canmaterial shall be selected to ensure that it has no deleterious effect on the final product. The entire assembly shall be
26、 heated andplaced under sufficient pressure for a sufficient period of time to ensure that the final consolidated part meets the densityrequirements of 8.1.2.1. One or more parts shall be machined from a single compact.5.1.3 The powder shall be prealloyed and made by a melting method capable of prod
27、ucing the specified chemical composition,such as but not limited to air or vacuum induction melting, followed by gas atomization.5.1.4 When powder from more than one heat is used to make a blend, the heats shall be mixed thoroughly to ensurehomogeneity.5.1.5 The compact shall be sectioned and the mi
28、crostructure examined to check for porosity and other internal imperfectionsand shall meet the requirements of 8.1.3. The sample shall be taken from the fill stem or from a location in a part as agreed uponby the manufacturer and purchaser.5.1.6 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the
29、manufacturer shall remove the can material from the surfaces of theconsolidated compacts by chemical or mechanical methods, such as by pickling or machining. This removal shall be done beforeor after heat treatment at the option of the manufacturer (see Note 1).4 Available from American Society of M
30、echanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.A989/A989M 182NOTE 1Often, it is advantageous to leave the can material in place until after heat treatment or further thermal processing of the consolidated compact.6. Chemical Co
31、mposition6.1 The steel both as a blend and as a part shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751 shall apply.6.1.1 A representative sample of each blend of powder shall be analyzed by the manufacturer to determine the
32、 percentage ofelements prescribed in Table 1. The blend shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed in Table 1.6.1.2 When required by the purchaser, the chemical composition of a sample from one part from each lot of parts shall bedetermined by the manufacturer. The composition
33、 of the sample shall conform to the chemical composition requirementsprescribed in Table 1.6.2 Addition of lead, selenium, or other unspecified elements for the purpose of improving the machinability of the compactshall not be permitted.6.3 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element, for the
34、 ordered grade, to the extent that the steel conforms to therequirements of another grade for which that element is a specified element having a required minimum content.7. Heat Treatment7.1 After hot isostatic-pressing, the compacts shall be annealed prior to heat treating in accordance with the re
35、quirements ofTable 2. At the option of the producer, this anneal shall be a separate operation following powder consolidation or shall be a partof the consolidation process.7.2 The alloy steels shall be heat treated in accordance with the requirements of 7.1 and Table 2.7.2.1 Liquid QuenchingWhen ag
36、reed to by the purchaser, liquid quenching followed by tempering shall be permitted providedthe temperatures in Table 2 for each grade are utilized.7.2.1.1 MarkingParts that are liquid quenched and tempered shall be marked “QT”.7.3 See Supplementary Requirement S10S12 if a particular heat treatment
37、method is specified by the purchaser in the purchaseorder.7.4 Time of Heat TreatmentHeat treatment of the hot isostatically-pressed parts shall be performed before or after machiningat the option of the manufacturer.8. Structural Integrity Requirements8.1 Microporosity:8.1.1 The parts shall be free
38、of microporosity as demonstrated by measurement of density as provided in 8.1.2 or bymicrostructural examination as provided in 8.1.3.8.1.2 Density Measurement:TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsUNSDesignation GradeComposition, %ACarbon Manganese Phosphorus,max Sulfur,max Silicon Nickel Chromium Molybdenu
39、mColumbiumplusTantalumTantalum,max TitaniumCarbon Manganese Phosphorus,max Sulfur,max Silicon Nickel Chromium MolybdenumNiobiumBplusTantalumTantalum,max TitaniumAlloy SteelsK90941 9 % chromium 0.15 max 0.300.60 0.030 0.030 0.501.00 . . . 8.010.0 0.901.10 . . . . . . . . .K90901 9 % chromium, 1 % 0.0
40、8-0.12 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.200.50 0.40 max 8.09.5 0.851.05 Other ElementsK90901 9 % chromium, 1 % 0.080.12 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.200.50 0.40 max 8.09.5 0.851.05 Other Elementsmolybdenum, 0.2 % Cb 0.060.10molybdenum, 0.2 % NbB 0.060.10vanadium plus N 0.030.07columbium and Al 0.04 maxniobiumB and
41、Al 0.04 maxnitrogen V 0.180.25K31545 chromium-molybdenum 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max . . . 2.73.3 0.801.06 . . . . . . . . .K21590 chromium-molybdenum 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max . . . 2.002.50 0.871.13 . . . . . . . . .Class 1K21590 chromium-molybdenum 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040
42、0.040 0.50 max . . . 2.002.50 0.871.13 . . . . . . . . .Class 3A Maximum, unless otherwise specified.BNiobium and columbium are interchangeable names for the same element and both names are acceptable for use in A01.22 specifications.A989/A989M 1838.1.2.1 The density measurement shall be used for ac
43、ceptance of material but not for rejection of material.The measured densityfor each production lot shall exceed 99 % of the density typical of that grade when wrought and in the same heat treated conditionas the sample. A production lot that fails to meet this acceptance criterion is permitted, at t
44、he option of the producer, to be testedfor microporosity in accordance with the microstructural examination as provided in 8.1.3.8.1.2.2 Density shall be determined for one sample from each production lot by measuring the difference in weight of the samplewhen weighed in air and when weighed in wate
45、r and multiplying this difference by the density of water (Archimedes principle).The equipment used shall be capable of determining density within 60.004 lb/in.3 0.10 g/cm3. Alternatively, at the option of theproducer, it is permitted to use Test Method B311 to determine the density.8.1.2.3 At the o
46、ption of the producer, the density shall be compared to the room temperature density typical of wrought alloysteels or to the density of a wrought reference sample of the same grade heat treated in accordance with the requirements of Table2 (see Note 2). The typical density for alloy steel in the an
47、nealed condition at room temperature is 0.28 lb/in.3 7.8 g/cm3.NOTE 2The actual density of alloy steel varies slightly with composition and heat treatment. For this reason, small differences in the measured densityfrom the typical density for a given grade of steel may be the result of differences i
48、n alloy content, heat treatment, or microporosity. When density valuesare measured that are less than the density typical of a given grade of steel, it is appropriate to examine the sample for microporosity by the more specificmetallographic examination procedures.8.1.3 Microstructural Examination:8
49、.1.3.1 The microstructure when shall be examined at 20-50, 100-200, and 1000-2000 and shall be reasonably uniform andshall be free of voids, laps, cracks, and porosity.8.1.3.2 One sample from each production lot shall be examined. The sample shall be taken, at the option of the producer, takenfrom the component, stem, protrusion, or test part made from a single powder blend consolidated in the same hot isostatic pressusing the same pressure, temperature, and time parameters and heat-treated in the same final heat trea
