1、Designation: A990/A990M 111A990/A990M 14Standard Specification forCastings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, SpeciallyControlled for Pressure Retaining Parts for CorrosiveService1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A990/A990M; the number immediately following the designation i
2、ndicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEThis standard was converted to a dual designa
3、tion in February 2013.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers iron-nickel-chromium and nickel alloy castings specially processed with restricted melt practices,weldability testing, and nondestructive examination (NDE) requirements.1.2 A number of grades of iron-nickel-chromium and nickel alloy castin
4、gs are included in this specification. Since these gradespossess varying degrees of suitability for service in corrosive environments, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to determinewhich grade shall be furnished. Selection will depend on design and service conditions, mechanical properties,
5、andcorrosion-resistant characteristics.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo s
6、ystems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contractspecifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. Within the text, the
7、 SI units areshown in brackets or parentheses.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regula
8、torylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A351/A351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing PartsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedu
9、res and PersonnelA494/A494M Specification for Castings, Nickel and Nickel AlloyA703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing PartsA743/A743M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for GeneralApplicationA744/A
10、744M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe ServiceA802/A802M Practice for Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Visual ExaminationA903/A903M Specification for Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Magnetic Particle and Liquid PenetrantInspe
11、ctionA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and FerroalloysA985/A985M Specification for Steel Investment Castings General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing PartsE94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
12、1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18on Castings.Current edition approved May 1, 2011May 1, 2014. Published June 2011June 2014. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous
13、 edition approved in 20102011 asA990 10a.A990 11. DOI: 10.1520/A0990_A0990M-11E01.10.1520/A0990_A0990M-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standar
14、ds Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,
15、 ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
16、 PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-in. (50.8 to 114-mm) Steel CastingsE272 Reference Radiographs for High-Strength Copper-Base and Nickel-Copper Alloy CastingsE280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to 12-in. (
17、114 to 305-mm) Steel CastingsE446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in Thickness2.2 AWS Standards:3AWS A5.4, Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc WeldingAWS A5.9, Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and RodsAWS A5.11/A
18、5.11M, Specification for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc WeldingAWS A5.14/A5.14M, Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and Rods2.3 ASME/ANSI Standard:4ASME/ANSI B16.34, Valves-Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End3. Terminology3.1 Definitio
19、nsThe definitions in Test Methods and Definitions A370 and Terminology A941 are applicable to thisspecification.3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 accessible surface, nsurface that can be welded on without cutting access holes in the casting.3.1.2 refined ingot, nmetal processe
20、d by argon-oxygen-decarburization (AOD) or vacuum-oxygen-decarburization (VOD)and cast to a size and shape suitable for remelting.3.1.3 revert, ngates, risers, and castings. Also includes scrapped machinery and fabricated items, chips, and turnings.4. General Conditions for Delivery4.1 Other than in
21、vestment castings, material furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of SpecificationA703/A703M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with thegeneral requirements of Specification A703/A703M constitutes nonconfo
22、rmance with this specification. In case of conflict betweenthe requirements of this specification and Specification A703/A703M, this specification shall prevail.4.2 Investment Castings Material furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of SpecificationA985/A985M, including an
23、y supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with thegeneral requirements of Specification A985/A985M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of conflict betweenthe requirements of this specification and Specification A985/A985M, Specif
24、ication A985/A985M shall prevail.5. Ordering Information5.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for material ordered to thisspecification. Such requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following:5.1.1 Quantity.5.1.2 Grade designation
25、(Table 1).5.1.3 Description of the casting by pattern number or drawing. Dimensional tolerances should be included on the castingdrawing.5.1.4 Nondestructive inspection class required (Table 2). Class D will be supplied unless otherwise specified.5.1.5 Wetted surfaces (Table 2).5.2 The purchaser sha
26、ll specify any supplementary requirements desired, including standards of acceptance, required to describeadequately the desired material.6. Process and Manufacture6.1 Alloys, except for nickel base, 25 to 35 % Cu alloys, shall be made by one of the two following processes:6.1.1 Electric arc or indu
27、ction furnace melting followed by AOD or VOD refining, or6.1.2 Electric induction furnace melting of refined ingot.6.2 Nickel base alloys with 25 to 35 % Cu shall be made by 6.1.1 or 6.1.2 or by electric furnace.6.3 Additions of up to 5 % are permitted for compositional adjustments and deoxidation.6
28、.4 Revert shall not be used.3 Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd., 8669 NW 36 Street, #130, Miami, FL 33126,33166-6672, http:/www.aws.org.4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, ThreeTwo Park Ave., New York, NY
29、10016-5990,http:/www.asme.org.A990/A990M 1427. Chemical Composition7.1 These alloys shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed in Table 1. An analysis of every heat isrequired.8. Tensile Properties8.1 One tension test shall be made from each heat. Test results shall conform to
30、 the tensile requirements specified in Table 3.The bar shall be solution heat treated per the requirements of Table 4 in production furnaces to the same procedure as the castingsit represents. If the casting grade does not require heat treatment, the bar used for the test specimen shall not be heat
31、treated.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElement, %(max, except where range is given) GradeCK3MCuN CW-2M CN3MCu M35-1 CW2MC N2MC 0.025 0.020 0.030 0.35 0.020 0.020C 0.025 0.020 0.030 0.35 0.020 0.020Mn 1.20 1.00 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00Mn 1.20 1.00 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00Si 0.75 0.80 1.00 1.25 0.45 0.80Si 0.75 0
32、.80 1.00 1.25 0.45 0.80P 0.020 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.015 0.030P 0.020 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.015 0.030S 0.010 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015S 0.010 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015Mo 6.0-7.0 15.0-17.5 2.0-3.0 . . . 8.0-10.0 30.0-33.0Fe balance 2.00 balance 3.5 5.0 3.00Fe balance 2.00 balance 3.5 5.0 3.00Ni 1
33、7.5-19.5 balance 27.5-30.5 Balance Balance BalanceCr 19.5-20.5 15.0-17.5 19.0-22.0 . . . 20.0-23.0 1.00N 0.18-0.24Cu 0.50-1.00 . . . 3.0-3.5 26.0-33.0 0.50 0.20W 1.00 . . . . . . 0.50 0.20W 1.00 . . . . . . 0.50 0.20V . . . . . . . 0.20 0.20V . . . . . . . . . 0.20 0.20Cb . . . . . . . 3.1-4.5 . . .
34、Cb . . . . . . . . . 3.1-4.5 . . .TABLE 2 Nondestructive Examination RequirementsMaximum Casting Thickness Class Visual Examination, PracticeA802/A802M Minimum Ac-ceptance LevelRadiographic Examination,Guide E94Number of CastingsSeverity Level per Table 6Liquid Penetrant Examination, Test Method E16
35、5Coverage Minimum Acceptance Levelper SpecificationA903/A903Mless than 58 in. (15.9 mm) A Level I 100 % All accessible surfaces Level IIB Level II 100 % All accessible wetted sur-facesLevel IIC Level II Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs Level IID Level II Initial casting off pattern NA NA58 t
36、o 1 in. (15.9 to 25.4 mm) A Level I 100 % All accessible surfaces Level IIIB Level II 100 % All accessible wetted sur-facesLevel IIIC Level II Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs Level IIID Level II Initial casting off pattern NA NAOver 1 to 2 in. (25.4 to 50.8 mm) A Level I 100 % All accessibl
37、e surfaces Level IVB Level II 100 % All accessible wetted sur-facesLevel IVC Level II Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs Level IVD Level II Initial casting off pattern NA NAOver 2 to 4 12 in. (50.8 to 114 mm) A Level II 100 % All accessible surfaces Level IVB Level II 100 % All accessible wett
38、ed sur-facesLevel IVC Level III Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs Level VD Level III Initial casting off pattern NA NAOver 4 12 in. (114 mm) A Level III 100 % All accessible surfaces Level VB Level III 100 % All accessible wetted sur-facesLevel VC Level IV Initial casting off pattern Weld rep
39、airs Level VD Level IV Initial casting off pattern NA NAA990/A990M 1439. Weldability Qualification9.1 Each heat shall be qualified by weldability testing.9.2 Sampling:9.2.1 The weldability test plate shall be cast in accordance with Fig. 1.9.2.2 For heats produced under 6.1.1, at least one weldabili
40、ty test plate shall be cast from each heat.9.2.3 For heats produced under 6.1.2, at least one weldability test plate shall be cast from the first heat in an uninterrupted seriesof heats, made in the same furnace from the same heat of refined ingot using the same melting procedure, and shall qualify
41、all ofthe subsequent heats in that series made in the same shift.9.3 Procedure:9.3.1 The test plates required under 9.2 shall be processed and tested as follows:9.3.1.1 Prior to welding, the test plate shall be solution heat treated according to the requirements of Table 4 in productionfurnaces to t
42、he same procedure as the castings it represents.9.3.1.2 All forms of cold working, mechanical deformation, hammering, or peening, in excess of that required for normalcleaning is prohibited.9.3.1.3 Fill the groove in the plate with weld deposit according to the procedure used in Section 11 and the f
43、iller material gradespecified in Table 5.9.3.1.4 For the purposes of the weldability test only, post weld heat treatment of the test plate is prohibited even if part of theprocedure. Remove one 38-in. (10-mm) min thick bend coupon longitudinally from the center of the welded plate by machining,sawin
44、g, or abrasive cutting. Make a transverse side bend test of the welded joint in accordance with Practice A488/A488M.9.4 Acceptance:9.4.1 On the bent specimen, cracks or other open defects exceeding 18 in. (3.2 mm), measured in any direction on the convexsurface shall be cause for rejection, except t
45、hat cracks occurring on and limited to the corners while testing shall not be considered.10. Nondestructive Examination10.1 One of four different classes of nondestructive examination shall be imposed on castings ordered to this specification.Classes A, B, C, and D are defined in Table 2. Each class
46、 imposes specific requirements for three different NDE methods. ClassD will be supplied unless otherwise specified.TABLE 3 Tensile RequirementsGradeCK3MCuN CW-2M CN3MCu M35-1 CW2MC N2MTensile strength, min,psi MPa80,00055072 00049562 00042565 00045070 00048576 000525Tensile strength, min,ksi MPa8055
47、072495624256545070485765250.2 % offset yieldstrength, min, psiMPa38,00026040 00027525 00017025 00017040 00027540 0002750.2 % offset yieldstrength, min, ksiMPa382604027525170251704027540275Elongation in 2 in. 50mm, min, %A35.0 20.0 35.0 25.0 25.0 20.0A When ICI test bars are used in tensile testing a
48、s provided for in Specification A985/A985M, the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4 to 1.TABLE 4 Heat Treat RequirementsGrade Heat TreatmentCK3MCuN Heat to 2200 to 2265F (1205 to 1240C) for one hour attemperature/1 in. (25 mm) of thickness with a minimum of 4hours. Quench in wat
49、er.ACW-2M Heat to 2225 to 2300F 1220 to 1260C for a minimum of 1 h attemperature/1 in. 25 mm of thickness. Quench in water.ACN3MCu Heat to 2050F 1120C min for a min of 1 h at temperature/1 in.25 mm of thickness. Quench in water.AM35-1 As-castCW2MC Heat to 2175F 1190C min for a min of 2 h at temperature or amin of 1 h/1 in. 25 mm of thickness whichever is greater.Quench in water.AN2M Heat to 2080F 1140C min for a min of 2 h at temperature + 1h/ 1 in. 25 mm of thickness. Quen
