1、Designation: B 100 03aStandard Specification forWrought Copper-Alloy Bearing and Expansion Plates andSheets for Bridge and Other Structural Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 100; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification establishes the requirements forwrought copper-alloy bearing plat
3、e and bearing sheets forapplication in bridges and other structures. Specifically, theplates and sheets are to be used for fixed or expansion bearingswhere the motion is slow and intermittent with pressures notexceeding 3 ksi (20 MPa).1.2 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded
4、as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:B 248 Specification for General Requirements for WroughtCopper and Copper-Alloy Plate, Sheet Strip, and
5、 RolledBar2B 846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys2E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials3E 9 Compression Testing of Metallic Materials at RoomTemperature3E 10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-als3E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and RockwellSuper
6、ficial Hardness of Metallic Materials3E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications4E 54 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of SpecialBrasses and Bronzes5E 62 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper andCopper Alloys (Photometric)6E 255 Pract
7、ice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys forthe Determination of Chemical Composition6E 478 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of CopperAlloys63. General Requirements3.1 The following sections of Specification B 248 constitutea part of this specification:3.1.1 Terminology,3.1.2 Workmanship, Finish,
8、 and Appearance,3.1.3 Sampling,3.1.4 Number of Tests and Retests,3.1.5 Specimen Preparation,3.1.6 Test Methods,3.1.7 Significance of Numerical Limits,3.1.8 Inspection,3.1.9 Rejection and Rehearing,3.1.10 Certification,3.1.11 Test Reports,3.1.12 Packaging and Package Marking, and3.1.13 Supplementary
9、Requirements.3.2 In addition, when a section with a title identical to oneof those referenced in 3.1 appears in this specification, itcontains additional requirements that supplement those appear-ing in Specification B 248.4. Terminology4.1 For definitions of terms related to copper and copperalloys
10、, refer to Terminology B 846.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for product to this specification should includethe following information:5.1.1 ASTM specification designation and year of issue,5.1.2 Copper Alloy UNS No. designation (for example,C51000),5.1.3 Dimensions: length, width, thickness (Sect
11、ion 11 andTable 1),5.1.4 Quantity or weight for each size,5.1.5 Temper (Section 8),5.1.6 When product produced of Copper Alloy UNS No.C61300 is to be used in applications requiring welding (Table2, footnote A), and1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copperand Coppe
12、r Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.01 on Plate,Sheet, and Strip.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published November 2003. Originallypublished in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as B 100 03.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01.3Annual Book of ASTM St
13、andards, Vol 03.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.5Discontinued; See 2001 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
14、 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.7 When product is purchased for agencies of the U.S.government (Section 10).5.2 The following options are available under this specifi-cation and should be specified in the contract or purchase orderwhen required:5.2.1 Heat identification or trace
15、ability (Section 6.1.2),5.2.2 Certification (Specification B 248), and5.2.3 Test Report (Specification B 248).6. Material and Manufacture6.1 Material:6.1.1 The material of manufacture shall be cast bar, slab,cake, billets, and so forth of Copper Alloy UNS No. C51000,C51100, C61300, C61400, or C65500
16、 of such purity andsoundness as to be suitable for processing into the productsprescribed herein.6.1.2 When heat identification or traceability is required, thepurchaser shall specify the details desired in the contract orpurchase order.6.2 Manufacture:6.2.1 The product shall be manufactured by hot
17、or coldworking and annealing processes as deemed necessary in orderto produce a uniform wrought structure in the finished product.6.2.2 The product shall be hot or cold worked to the finishedsize and subsequently annealed, when required, to meet theproperties specified.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The
18、 material shall conform to the chemical requirementsprescribed in Table 2 for the Copper Alloy UNS No. designa-tion specified in the contract or purchase order.7.2 These specification limits do not preclude the presenceof other elements. Limits for unnamed elements may beestablished and determinatio
19、n required by agreement betweenthe manufacturer or supplier and the purchaser.7.3 Copper, given as the remainder, may be taken as thedifference between the sum of results of all elements analyzedand 100 %.TABLE 1 Thickness and Weight TolerancesOrdered Weight lb/ft2(kg/m2)AWeight Tolerance,%Ordered T
20、hickness, in. (mm)Thickness Tolerance, %Over Under Over UnderPlates and Sheets 20 in. (508 mm) and Under in Width5.0 to 7.5 (24.4 to 36.6), excl 4.5 3.5 Under18 (3.18) 9 07.5 to 10.0 (36.6 to 48.8), excl 4 318 to316 (3.18 to 4.76), excl 8 010.0 to 12.5 (48.8 to 61.0), excl 4 2.5316 to14 (4.76 to 6.3
21、5), excl 7 012.5 to 15.0 (61.0 to 73.2), excl 3.5 2.514 to516 (6.35 to 7.94), excl 6 015.0 to 17.5 (73.2 to 85.4), excl 2.5 2.5516 to38 (7.94 to 9.52), excl 5 017.5 to 20.0 (85.4 to 97.6), excl 2.5 2.038 to716 (9.52 to 11.1), excl 4.5 020 (97.6) or over 2.5 2.0716 to12 (11.1 to 12.7), excl 4B012 to5
22、8 (12.7 to 15.9), excl 3.5B058 to34 (15.9 to 19.0), excl 3B034 to 1 (19.0 to 25.4), excl 2.5B01 (25.4) or over 2.5B0Plates and Sheets Over 20 in. (508 mm) in WidthAll weights 5.0 5.0 All thicknesses 10.0 0AFor purposes of calculating weights, cross section, etc., the density of rolled phosphor bronz
23、e (Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C51000 and C51100) shall be taken as 0.320lb/in.3(8.86 g/cm3) and the density of rolled copper silicon alloy (Copper Alloy UNS No. C65500) as 0.308 lb/in.3(8.53 g/cm3).BThese “Over” thickness tolerances apply to plates and sheets 10 in. (254 mm) and under in width. For plate
24、s and sheets over 10 to 20 in. (254 to 508 mm), incl. inwidth the “Over” thickness tolerances shall be as follows:Ordered Thickness, in. (mm)Thickness Tolerance, Over, %716 to58 (11.1 to 15.9), excl4.558 to34 (15.9 to 19.0), excl.4.034 (19.0) or over.3.5TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsElementCompositio
25、n %C51000 C51100 C61300 C61400 C65500Copper (incl Silver) remainder remainder remainder remainder remainderPhosphorus 0.030.35 0.030.35 0.015 max. 0.015 max. .Tin 4.25.8 3.54.9 0.200.50 . .Silicon . . 0.10 max. . 2.83.8Aluminum . . 6.07.5 6.08.0 .Iron 0.10 max. 0.10 max. 2.03.0 1.53.5 0.8 max.Mangan
26、ese . . 0.20 max. 1.0 max. 0.51.3Zinc, max. 0.30 0.30 0.10 0.20 1.5 max.Lead, max. 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.05Nickel, max. . . 0.15A. 0.6AOther named elements . .B. .ANi value includes Co.BWhen the product is for subsequent welding applications and is so specified by the purchaser, chromium, cadmium, z
27、irconium, and zinc shall each be 0.05 % max.B 100 03a27.4 When all elements listed in Table 2 for the specifiedCopper Alloy UNS No. designation are determined, the sum ofresults shall be 99.5 % min except for C61300 which shall be99.8 %.8. Temper8.1 The temper of product furnished to this specificat
28、ion,and as defined in Practice B 601, shall be as follows:UNS Alloy No. TemperC51000 H03 (34 hard)C51100 H03 (34 hard)C65500 H01 (14 hard)C61300 M20 (as hot rolled) or 061 (annealed)C61400 M20 (as hot rolled) or 061 (annealed)9. Mechanical Property Requirements9.1 Product in final form shall conform
29、 to the requirementsof Table 3.9.1.1 Product in plate form less than34 in. (20 mm) inthickness and product in sheet form shall conform to the tensilerequirements when tested in accordance with Test Method E 8.9.1.2 Product in plate form34 in. (20 mm) or over inthickness shall conform to either tensi
30、le or compressionrequirements when tested in accordance with Test Method E 8or Test Method E 9 respectively.9.1.2.1 In case of dispute, Test Method E 8 shall govern.9.1.3 The properties of product over 18 in. (460 mm) inwidth and over34 in. (20 mm) in thickness shall be subject toagreement between t
31、he manufacturer and the purchaser.10. Purchases for U.S. Governmental Agencies10.1 When identified in the contract or purchase order,product purchased for agencies of the U.S. government shallconform to the requirements stipulated in the SupplementalRequirements section of Specification B 248.11. Di
32、mensions, Mass and Permissible Variations11.1 For the purpose of determining conformance with thedimensional requirements prescribed in this specification, anymeasured value outside the specified limiting values for anydimensions may be cause for rejection.11.2 The thickness of the plates and sheets
33、 may be specifiedby weight per square foot (metre) or in common or decimalfractions of an inch (millimetre). The plates and sheets shallconform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1 as totolerances in weight and thickness.11.3 Length tolerances for square sheared metal in allwidths 120 in. (3048
34、 mm) and under shall be 6116 in. (1.56mm). When tolerances are specified as all plus or all minus,double the values given.11.4 Length tolerances for sawed metal for all widths up toand including 120 in. (3048 mm) shall be 614 in. (6.35 mm).When tolerances are specified as all plus or all minus, doub
35、lethe values given.11.5 Width tolerances for square sheared metal or sawedmetal for widths up to and including 120 in. (3048 mm) for allthicknesses shall be 6116 in. (1.56 mm). When tolerances arespecified as all plus or all minus, double the values given.12. Sampling12.1 Other Tests:12.1.1 Samples
36、used for the preparation of tensile testspecimen shall be taken so that the longitudinal axis of suchspecimen is parallel to the direction of rolling.13. Number of Tests and Retests13.1 Tests:13.1.1 Chemical AnalysisChemical composition shall bedetermined as the average of at least two replicate det
37、ermina-tions of each specified element.13.1.2 Other TestsTensile, compression and hardness testresults shall be reported as the average of results obtained fromat least two sample portions selected and each specimen mustmeet the requirements of this specification.13.2 Retests:13.2.1 When requested b
38、y the manufacturer or supplier, aretest shall be permitted should test results obtained by thepurchaser fail to conform with specification requirements.13.2.2 Retesting shall be as directed in the product specifi-cation for the initial test(s), except that the number of testspecimens shall be twice
39、that normally required for the test.13.2.3 Test results for all specimens shall conform to theproduct specification requirements in retest and failure toconform shall be cause for lot rejection.14. Specimen Preparation14.1 Chemical Composition:14.1.1 Preparation of the test specimen for chemical ana
40、ly-sis shall be the responsibility of the reporting laboratory.14.1.2 In case of dispute, the sample preparation shall be inaccordance with Practice E 255.14.2 Tensile:14.2.1 The test specimens shall be prepared in accordancewith Test Method E 8, Figs. 7 or 8. The longitudinal axis of thespecimen sh
41、all be parallel to the direction of rolling.14.3 Compression:14.3.1 The specimen shall be 1 in.2(645 mm2) in cross-sectional area and the height shall be the thickness of the platefrom which the sample is taken.14.4 Hardness:14.4.1 The test specimen shall be of a size and shape topermit testing by a
42、vailable test equipment and shall be taken topermit testing in a plane parallel or perpendicular to thedirection of deformation given to the product.TABLE 3 Mechanical RequirementsTensionTensile strength, min, ksiA(MPaB) 60 (415)Elongation in 2 in. (50.8 mm), min, % 10CompressionYield strength (0.1
43、% offset) min, ksiA(MPaB) 25 (170)Permanent set under 100 ksiA(690) MPaB)% 620HardnessPlates14 in. (6.35 mm) and over in thickness,Brinell, min130 HBPlates under14 in. (6.35 mm) in thickness,Rockwell, min75 HRBAksi = 1000 psi.BSee Appendix.B 100 03a314.4.2 The surface of the test specimen shall be s
44、ufficientlysmooth and even to permit the accurate determination ofhardness.14.4.3 The test specimen shall be free from scale andforeign matter and care shall be taken to avoid any change incondition, for example, heating or cold working.15. Test Methods15.1 Chemical Analysis:15.1.1 Chemical composit
45、ion shall be determined, in case ofdisagreement, by the following appropriate method:Element Test MethodAluminum E 478Copper E 478Iron (0.003 to 1.25 %) E 478Iron (1.0 to 5.0 %) E 54Lead E 478 (AA)Manganese E 62Nickel E 478 (Photometric)Phosphorus E 62Silicon E 54 (Sulfuric acid)Tin E 478Zinc E 478
46、(AA)15.1.2 Test method(s) for the determination of element(s)required by contractual or purchase order agreement shall be asagreed upon between the manufacturer or supplier and thepurchaser.15.2 The product furnished shall conform to the mechanicalproperty requirements enumerated in this specificati
47、on whentested in accordance with the following appropriate method:Test Test MethodTensile E 8Compression E 9Rockwell Hardness E 18Brinell Hardness E 1015.2.1 Tensile requirements shall be determined from fullsize specimens when practical. Whenever results are obtainedfrom full size and machined spec
48、imens and they differ, theresults of the full size specimen shall be used.15.2.1.1 Although a considerable range of testing speed inpermitted, the rate of stressing to yield strength should notexceed 100 ksi/min (690 MPa/min). Above the yield strength,the movement per minute of the testing machine h
49、ead underload should not exceed 0.5 in./in. (0.5 mm/mm) of gage length(or distance between grips for full section specimens).15.2.1.2 Elongation shall be determined as specified in thefirst two subsections of the section “Elongation” of TestMethod E 8.15.2.2 Yield strength for compression requirements shall bedetermined by successive application and releases of the loaduntil 0.1 % offset is determined.16. Rejection and Rehearing16.1 RejectionRefer to Specification B 248.16.2 Rehearing:16.2.1 When notified of product rejection, the man
