1、Designation: B 200 85 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Specification forElectrodeposited Coatings of Lead and Lead-Tin Alloys onSteel and Ferrous Alloys1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 200; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 Th
3、is specification covers the requirements for electrode-posited coatings of lead and lead-tin alloys on steel and ferrousalloys. The coatings of lead-tin alloys are those that range in tincontent up to but not exceeding 15 mass %. The coatingsranging between 3 and 15 mass % in tin content are known a
4、lsoas “terne” metallic electrodeposits.1.2 This specification does not apply to sheet, strip, or wirein the unfabricated form.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 11, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety
5、concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 117 Practice for Operating Salt Spra
6、y (Fog) ApparatusB 183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel forElectroplatingB 242 Practice for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel forElectroplatingB 320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electro-platingB 322 Practice for Cleaning Metals Prior to ElectroplatingB 339 Specification f
7、or Pig TinB 374 Terminology Relating to ElectroplatingB 487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and OxideCoating Thicknesses by Microscopical Examination of aCross SectionB 499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thick-nesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings onMagnetic Basis MetalsB
8、504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Me-tallic Coatings by the Coulometric MethodB 507 Practice for Design of Articles to Be Electroplated onRacksB 567 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknessby the Beta Backscatter MethodB 568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknessby X-
9、Ray SpectrometryB 571 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of MetallicCoatingsB 602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic andInorganic CoatingsB 697 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspectionof Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic Coatings3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefin
10、itions of the terms used in this speci-fication are in accordance with Terminology B 374.4. Classification4.1 The coating designation shall comprise the following:4.1.1 The chemical symbol for the basis metal.4.1.2 The chemical symbol for the undercoating of copperor nickel, if used.4.1.3 The chemic
11、al symbol Pb representing lead or thesymbol Pb Sn for the lead-tin alloy. When tin is present, the tincontent of the coating will appear before the symbol Sn. Forexample, Pb 5 Sn refers to a coating having the minimumcomposition 5 mass % tin, remainder lead.4.1.4 A number indicating the minimum thic
12、kness of thecoating in micrometres (m). This minimum thickness shall be6, 12, 25, or 40 m, and shall apply to all significant surfacesspecified in 8.2.2 and 8.3.1.4.2 Examples:4.2.1 Fe-Pb-5-Sn-40 represents a lead-tin alloy coatinghaving 5 mass % tin content, remainder lead, on a ferrous basismetal.
13、 The thickness is 40 m minimum.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 onMetallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB08.08.04 on Soft Metals.Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originallyapproved in 1970. Last
14、 previous edition approved in 1999 as B 200 85 (1999).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyri
15、ght ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2.2 Fe-Cu-Pb-6 represents a lead coating on a ferrousbasis metal with a copper strike. The thickness is 6 mminimum.5. Sampling5.1 LotAn inspection lot is defined as a collection offinished a
16、rticles that are of the same kind, that have beenproduced to the same specification, that have been coated by asingle supplier at one time or at approximately the same timeunder essentially identical conditions, and that are submittedfor acceptance or rejection as a group.5.2 SelectionA random sampl
17、e of the size required byTest Method B 602 shall be selected from the inspection lot(see 5.1). The articles in the lot shall be inspected forconformance to the requirements of this specification and thelot shall be classified as conforming or nonconforming to eachrequirement according to the criteri
18、a of the sampling plans inTest Method B 602.NOTE 1Test Method B 602 contains three sampling plans that are tobe used with nondestructive test methods and a fourth to be used withdestructive test methods. The three methods for nondestructive tests differin the quality level they require of the produc
19、t. Test Method B 602requires use of the plan with the intermediate quality level unless thepurchaser specifies otherwise. The purchaser should compare the planswith his needs and state which plan is to be used. If the plans in TestMethod B 602 do not serve the needs, additional ones are given in Gui
20、deB 697.NOTE 2When both destructive and nondestructive tests exist for themeasurement of a characteristic, the purchaser needs to state which is tobe used so that the proper sampling plan is selected. Also, a test maydestroy the coating in a noncritical area; or, although it destroys thecoating, the
21、 tested article might be reclaimed by stripping and recoating.The purchaser needs to state whether the test is to be considereddestructive or nondestructive.5.3 Separate SpecimensIf separate specimens are to beused to represent the finished articles in a test, the specimensshall be of the nature, si
22、ze, number, and be processed asrequired in 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4.6. Specimen Preparation6.1 Electroplated Parts or Separate SpecimensWhen theelectroplated parts are of such form, shape, size, and value asto prohibit use thereof, or are not readily adaptable to a testspecified herein, or when destruc
23、tive tests of small lot sizes arerequired, the test shall be made by the use of separatespecimens plated concurrently with the articles represented.The separate specimens shall be of a basis metal equivalent tothat of the articles represented. “Equivalent” basis metalincudes chemical composition, gr
24、ade, condition, and finish ofsurface prior to electroplating. For example, a cold-rolled steelsurface should not be used to represent a hot-rolled steelsurface. Due to the impracticality of forging or casting separatetest specimens, hot-rolled steel specimens may be used torepresent forged and cast-
25、steel articles. The separate specimensmay also be cut from scrap castings when ferrous alloy castingsare being electroplated. These separate specimens shall beintroduced into a lot at regular intervals before the cleaningoperations, preliminary to electroplating of specimens, includ-ing the spacing,
26、 plating media, bath agitation, and temperature,in respect to other objects being electroplated, shall correspondas nearly as possible to those affecting the significant surfacesof the articles represented. Unless a need can be demonstrated,separately prepared specimens shall not be used in place of
27、production items for nondestructive and visual examinations.6.2 Thickness and Adhesion Specimens If separate speci-mens for thickness and adhesion tests are required, they shallbe strips approximately 25 mm wide, 100 mm long, and 1 mmthick.6.3 Corrosion Resistance Specimens If separate speci-mens fo
28、r corrosion resistance tests are required, they shall bepanels not less than 150 mm long, 100 mm wide, andapproximately 1 mm thick.6.4 Hydrogen Embrittlement Specimens If specimens arerequired, the configuration shall be that specified by thepurchaser.7. Significance and Use7.1 Electrodeposits of le
29、ad and lead-tin alloys on steel andferrous alloys are produced where it is desired to obtainatmospheric corrosion resistance. Deposits of lead and lead-tinalloys on steel have shown to have excellent corrosion protec-tive qualities in atmospheric exposure, especially when under-coated by a thin depo
30、sit of copper (or nickel). Applications oflead and lead-tin alloy deposits include the following: protec-tion from dilute sulfuric acid; lining of brine refrigerationtanks; chemical apparatus; and parts for storage batteries; andfor coating bearing surfaces. In this last application, lead iselectrop
31、lated alone, or as an alloy and coated with anothermetal, such as indium. The indium may be diffused into thelead or lead alloy by heat treatment. See Appendix X1.8. Ordering Information8.1 When ordering articles to be electroplated in accordancewith this specification, the purchaser shall state the
32、 coatingdesignation (see Section 4), the minimum thickness on signifi-cant surfaces, in addition to the ASTM designation number andyear of issue.8.2 If necessary, the purchaser shall include on his part,drawings, or purchase order the following:8.2.1 Electroplating application to high-strength steel
33、, ifspecified (see 9.2.2).8.2.2 Location of significant surfaces, to be shown on partdrawing, or by the provision of a suitably marked sample.8.2.3 Hydrogen embrittlement test, if required (see 6.4).8.2.4 Sample size for inspection, if other than specified (seeSection 5).8.2.5 Supplementary requirem
34、ents, if applicable (seeSupplementary Requirements).8.2.6 Separate test specimens, if permitted (see 6.1).8.2.7 Certification, if required (see Section 13).8.3 The manufacturer of the basis metal parts should pro-vide the supplier of the coating facility, with the followingdata:8.3.1 Hardness or ten
35、sile strength of steel parts (see 9.2.2and 9.2.3).8.3.2 Heat treatment for stress relief, whether or not it hasbeen performed or is required.B 200 85 (2004)29. Coating Requirements9.1 CompositionThe coating compositions shall be asspecified in Table 1.9.2 ProcessLead and lead-tin alloy coatings shal
36、l beproduced by electrodeposition in aqueous solution of salts. Forthe preparation of ferrous metal surfaces necessary to assuregood deposit, adhesion, and quality, see Practices B 183,B 242, B 320, and B 322.9.2.1 A copper or nickel strike, 2.5 m thick, may beemployed and is desirable (see X1.1.2).
37、9.2.2 Steel parts with ultimate tensile strengths greater than1050 Mpa (approximately 32 HRC) and that have beenmachined, ground, cold-formed, or cold-straightened shall bestress relieved before processing by heat treating for5hat1906 15C. Steel parts having an ultimate tensile strength greaterthan
38、2350 MPa (approximately 50 HRC) shall not be coatedwith lead or lead-tin alloys by electrodeposition.9.2.3 Steel parts with ultimate tensile strengths greater than1125 MPa (approximately 35 HRC) and greater, shall be heattreated within 4 h after plating to remove hydrogen embrittle-ment. The heat tr
39、eatment shall be at least for3hat190615C.9.2.4 Defects and variations in appearance in the finish thatarise from surface conditions of the substrate (for example,scratches, pores, roll marks, inclusions, etc.) and that persist inthe finish despite the observance of good metal-finishingpractices shal
40、l not be cause for rejection.NOTE 3Applied finishes generally perform better in service when thesubstrate over which they are applied is smooth and free of torn metal,inclusions, pores, and other defects. It is recommended that the specifi-cations covering the unfinished products provide limits for
41、these defects.A metal finisher can often remove defects through special treatments suchas grinding, polishing, abrasive blasting, chemical etching, and electropol-ishing. However, these are not normal in the treatment steps preceding theapplication of the finish. When they are desired they shall be
42、the subjectof agreement between the buyer and the seller.9.3 ThicknessThe minimum thickness on significant sur-faces shall be 6, 12, 25, or 40 m, as designated by thepurchaser (see 8.1).9.4 Significant SurfacesSignificant surfaces are defined asthose normally visible (directly or by reflection) or a
43、re essentialto the serviceability or function of the article; or can be thesource of corrosion products or tarnish films that interfere withthe function or desirable appearance of the article. Whennecessary, the significant surfaces shall be indicated on thedrawings of the parts, or by the provision
44、 of suitably markedsamples.NOTE 4When significant surfaces are involved on which the specifiedthickness of finish cannot be readily controlled, it will be necessary toapply greater thickness on the more accessible surfaces, to use specialracking, or both. The thickness requirements of this specifica
45、tion areminimum, (see Table 2). Variation in the finish thickness from point topoint on a coated article is inherent in electroplating. Therefore, the finishthickness will have to exceed the specified value at some points on thesignificant surfaces to ensure that it equals or exceeds the specified v
46、alueat all points. In most cases, the average finish thickness on an article willbe greater than the specified value; how much greater is largely deter-mined by the shape of the article (see Practice B 507) and the character-istics of the plating process. In addition, the average finish thickness on
47、articles will vary from article to article within a production lot, Therefore,if all of the articles in a production lot are to meet the thicknessrequirement, the average finish thickness for the production lot as a wholewill be greater than the average necessary to assure that a single articlemeets
48、 the requirement.9.5 Corrosion ResistanceLead and lead-tin coatings shallshow neither corrosion products of lead (or lead-tin) nor basismetal corrosion products at the end of the test period, (seeTable 2), when tested by continuous exposure to salt spray inaccordance with 11.4. The appearance of cor
49、rosion productsvisible to the unaided eye at normal reading distance shall because for rejection except that corrosion products at the edgesof specimens shall not constitute failure.NOTE 5Corrosion is defined as the presence of more than 66 rustspots per square metre, or more than two rust spots in an area less than 3square decimetres, or rust spots larger than 1.6 mm in diameter.10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance10.1 The surface of the electroplated article shall be uniformin appearance and free of visible coating defects, such asblisters, pits, roughn
